FCP Categories: Pathology

FCS1-0992

Routine evaluation of a 38 year old gentleman showed a slightly lower arterial oxygen [pa(O2)] than the alveolar oxygen [pA(O2)]. This difference is:

FCS1-0993

After a prolonged coronary artery bypass surgery, a 60-year old gentleman was transfused 3 units of fresh-frozen plasma and 2 units of packed red cells. Two days later, the nurse noticed that he was tachypnoeic and chest X-ray showed signs consistent with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Which of the following variables will be low in this patient?

FCS1-0994

Chest X-ray of a 45-year old gentleman with a week history of pleurisy showed a small pneumothorax with moderate-sized pleural effusion. Arterial blood gas analysis showed p(CO2) = 23 mmHg, p(O2) = 234.5 mmHg, standard bicarbonate = 16 mmol/l. What are we most likely dealing with?

FCS1-0995

After a total colectomy and ileotomy, a 50-year old diabetic man who was a known case of diabetic nephropathy had persistent metabolic acidosis. The patient appeared well perfused, with normal vital signs and normal fluid balance. Investigations revealed:

Sodium = 132 mmol/l

Potassium = 6.6 mmol/l

Creatinine = 185 μmol/l (2.16 mg/dl)

Chloride = 109 μmol/l

8am cortisol = 500 nmol/l (18 μg/dl)

pH = 7.29, p(CO2) = 27 mmHg

p(O2) = 107 mmHg

standard bicarbonate = 12 mmol/l.

What is the likely causes of his acidosis?

FCS1-0996

In which of the following conditions will the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right?

FCS1-0997

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Which of these changes will decrease the rate of diffusion of a substance?

FCS1-0984

Ventricular filling follows a delay caused by?

FCS1-0985

A 30 year old man suffered severe blood loss, approx. 20-30% of his blood volume. What changes are most likely seen in the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) respectively following this decrease in cardiac output?

FCS1-0986

Increased resistance to flow of blood in cerebral vessels is most likely seen in:

FCS1-0987

When at rest, which of the following will be higher in a marathon runner compared to an untrained individual?