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  • Question 1 - Phosphorylation of glucose once it enters the cell is catalysed by which enzyme?...

    Correct

    • Phosphorylation of glucose once it enters the cell is catalysed by which enzyme?

      Your Answer: Hexokinase

      Explanation:

      Glucose 6-phosphate is produced by phosphorylation of glucose on the sixth carbon. This is catalysed by the enzyme hexokinase in most cells. One molecule of ATP is consumed in this reaction.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      13.7
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A 27-year-old man presents with a regular tachycardia of 190 bpm. He is...

    Correct

    • A 27-year-old man presents with a regular tachycardia of 190 bpm. He is healthy and has no past medical history. Blood pressure and blood tests are all within normal parameters however the ECG confirms a narrow complex tachycardia. The tachycardia persists after giving IV adenosine 6mg. What should be the next step in management of this patient?

      Your Answer: IV 12mg adenosine

      Explanation:

      For narrow complex tachycardias with no compromise then vagal manoeuvres should be trialled first. The Valsalva manoeuvre should be the first vagal manoeuvre tried and works by increasing intra-thoracic pressure and affecting baroreceptors (pressure sensors) within the arch of the aorta. It is carried out by asking the patient to hold his/her breath while trying to exhale forcibly as if straining during a bowel movement. Adenosine, an ultra-short-acting AV nodal blocking agent, is indicated if vagal manoeuvres are not effective. Adenosine may be safely used during pregnancy. In adults the recommended first dose of intravenous adenosine is 6 mg. The dose is administered rapidly and then followed by a saline flush. Adenosine is only present in the circulation for about 5 seconds, so it is an excellent drug for diagnosis and treatment. If there was a response to adenosine but it was not long lasting, an additional dose of 12 mg of adenosine intravenously can be attempted. Doses greater than 12 mg are not recommended. If adenosine fails then Verapamil or a beta blocker can be used as alternatives. If the patient is hemodynamically unstable or other treatments have not been effective, synchronized electrical cardioversion may be used.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      15.8
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - The interventricular septum is supplied anteriorly by the? ...

    Incorrect

    • The interventricular septum is supplied anteriorly by the?

      Your Answer: Right main coronary artery

      Correct Answer: Left anterior descending artery

      Explanation:

      The anterior interventricular artery or left anterior descending artery supplies the anterior 2/3rds of the interventricular septum.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      14.3
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Cyclic AMP is formed from ATP via which enzyme ...

    Incorrect

    • Cyclic AMP is formed from ATP via which enzyme

      Your Answer: Phosphodiesterase

      Correct Answer: Adenylate cyclase

      Explanation:

      Cyclic AMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cell Biology
      • Medicine
      23.2
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - The role of the hemidesmosome is? ...

    Correct

    • The role of the hemidesmosome is?

      Your Answer: Attaches cells to underlying basal lamina

      Explanation:

      Hemidesmosomes connect the basal surface of epithelial cells via intermediate filaments to the underlying basal lamina. The transmembrane proteins of hemidesmosomes are not cadherins, but another type of protein called integrin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cell Biology
      • Medicine
      10.1
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - What is the function of secondary messengers? ...

    Correct

    • What is the function of secondary messengers?

      Your Answer: Communication from extracellular to intracellular signalling pathways

      Explanation:

      First messengers may not physically cross the phospholipid bilayer to initiate changes within the cell directly. This functional limitation necessitates the cell to devise signal transduction mechanisms to transduce first messenger into second messengers, so that the extracellular signal may be propagated intracellularly. Second messengers are intracellular signalling molecules released by the cell to trigger physiological changes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and apoptosis. Secondary messengers are therefore one of the initiating components of intracellular signal transduction cascades.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cell Biology
      • Medicine
      10.8
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Selectins ...

    Correct

    • Selectins

      Your Answer: Interact with carbohydrate ligands or mucin complexes on leucocytes and endothelial cells

      Explanation:

      Selectins are involved in constitutive lymphocyte homing, and in chronic and acute inflammation processes, including post-ischemic inflammation. Each selectin has a carbohydrate recognition domain that mediates binding to specific glycans on apposing cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cell Biology
      • Medicine
      16.9
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following normally has a slow depolarizing “prepotential”? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following normally has a slow depolarizing “prepotential”?

      Your Answer: Sinoatrial node

      Explanation:

      There are 2 main types of action potentials (AP) in the heart, the slow response and the fast response:The slow response is initiated by the slow calcium-sodium channels, found in the SA node (which is the natural pacemaker of the heart) and the conduction fibers of the AV node.The fast response occurs in the atrial and ventricles muscle cells and the purkinje fibers.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      11.8
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - A deficiency in Cyanocobalamin leads to which clinical deficiency syndrome? ...

    Correct

    • A deficiency in Cyanocobalamin leads to which clinical deficiency syndrome?

      Your Answer: Pernicious anaemia

      Explanation:

      The main syndrome of vitamin B12 deficiency is pernicious anaemia. It is characterized by a triad of symptoms:Megaloblastic anaemiaGastrointestinal symptoms &Neurological symptoms

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      2.9
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Changes in cadherin expression are associated with ...

    Incorrect

    • Changes in cadherin expression are associated with

      Your Answer: All of the above

      Correct Answer: Tumour metastatic potential

      Explanation:

      Cadherins play a role in maintaining cell and tissue structure, and in cellular movement. The E-cadherin–catenin complex plays a key role in cellular adhesion; loss of this function has been associated with greater tumour metastasis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cell Biology
      • Medicine
      12.7
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Medicine (7/10) 70%
Metabolism (2/2) 100%
Cardiovascular (2/3) 67%
Cell Biology (3/5) 60%
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