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  • Question 1 - Which Immunoglobulin (or antibody) is secreted in large amounts in breast milk? ...

    Correct

    • Which Immunoglobulin (or antibody) is secreted in large amounts in breast milk?

      Your Answer: IgA

      Explanation:

      The major constituents of breast milk are lactose, protein, fat and water. However, the composition of breast milk is not constant; early lactation differs from late lactation, one feed differs from the next, and the composition can even change
      during a feed. Artificial infant formulas cannot therefore be identical to breast milk. In addition to IgA, breast milk contains small amounts of IgM and IgG and other factors such as lactoferrin, macrophages, complement and lysozymes

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      5.7
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Macrophages are derived from what type of white blood cell? ...

    Correct

    • Macrophages are derived from what type of white blood cell?

      Your Answer: Monocytes

      Explanation:

      Macrophages are derived from monocytes. When monocytes come across a pathogen they differentiate into macrophages for phagocytosis to occur.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      4.6
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Which of the following will require Anti-D administration post partum? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following will require Anti-D administration post partum?

      Your Answer: Rhesus negative mother, non-sensitised, fetal cord blood Rh positive

      Explanation:

      Rhesus positive mothers should not get anti-D. They have Rhesus antigens and the anti-D would result in maternal blood being bound and removed from her circulation. The danger is to children born to mothers who are rhesus negative. As the mother may develop antibodies against Rhesus positive fetal blood. Therefore if the baby is Rhesus negative then there is no risk of alloimmunisation (sensitisation)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      15.9
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which immunoglobulin provides passive immunity to the neonate? ...

    Correct

    • Which immunoglobulin provides passive immunity to the neonate?

      Your Answer: IgG

      Explanation:

      Passive immunity to the neonate is provided by immunoglobulin G (IgG) since it can be transferred through the placenta from mother to the foetus.
      IgA is transferred from mothers to offspring through breast milk.
      IgM molecular structure is too big to be filtered through the placental vasculature to the foetus. IgM is the first Ig to be synthesised by the neonate

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      1.9
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - At what stage of gestation does fetal immunoglobulin M production begin? ...

    Correct

    • At what stage of gestation does fetal immunoglobulin M production begin?

      Your Answer: Week 10

      Explanation:

      Maternofetal IgG transfer starts around week 12. Fetal production IgM starts around week 10 to 11.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      3.8
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - At what stage of gestation does maternal immunoglobulin G transfer to the foetus...

    Correct

    • At what stage of gestation does maternal immunoglobulin G transfer to the foetus start?

      Your Answer: 12 weeks

      Explanation:

      Transportation of the maternal IgG through the placenta starts around the 12 week of gestation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      2.8
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - To avoid potential haemolysis, Anti D immunoglobulin should be administered to which of...

    Correct

    • To avoid potential haemolysis, Anti D immunoglobulin should be administered to which of the following?

      Your Answer: Rhesus negative mother, non-sensitised, fetal cord blood Rh positive

      Explanation:

      The Rhesus status of a mother is important in pregnancy and even abortion. The exposure of an Rh-negative mother exposed to Rh antigens from a positive foetus, will influence the development of anti-Rh antibodies. This may cause problems in subsequent pregnancies leading to haemolysis in the newborn. Rh Anti RhD- globulin is therefore given to non-sensitised Rh-negative mothers who give birth to Rh-positive children to prevent the formation of anti-Rh antibodies. Anti RhD globulin is not useful for already sensitized, or RhD positive mothers; its administration could result in maternal blood being bound and taken out of circulation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      9.5
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Fetal immunoglobulin production begins at what gestation? ...

    Correct

    • Fetal immunoglobulin production begins at what gestation?

      Your Answer: Week 10

      Explanation:

      Fetal production of immunoglobulin begins early on, at about 10 weeks gestation with the production of IgM antibodies. Maternal IgG, which is a key component of fetal immunity, is passed on to the foetus through the placenta from 12 weeks of gestation. Secretory IgA is not produced until after birth.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      7.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Which of the following cell types act as professional antigen presenter cells (APCs)...

    Correct

    • Which of the following cell types act as professional antigen presenter cells (APCs)

      Your Answer: Macrophages

      Explanation:

      Macrophages are the antigen presenting cells, they phagocytose the pathogen and after breaking them down present their protein structure to the B and T cells for a specific immune reaction to take place.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      11.2
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which Immunoglobulin (or antibody) is secreted in large amounts in breast milk? ...

    Correct

    • Which Immunoglobulin (or antibody) is secreted in large amounts in breast milk?

      Your Answer: IgA

      Explanation:

      When considering immunoglobulins in neonates. There are only a few key points you are likely to be tested on. 1. IgA is resistant to stomach acid and found in large amounts in breast milk. 2. IgG is the only Ig that can cross the placenta so is key for passive neonatal immunity 3. When the neonate starts synthesising its own Ig it is IgM that is produced first.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      2.7
      Seconds

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