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Question 1
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You are called to review a baby with cyanosis when feeding immediately after birth. Subsequent investigation and imaging reveals choanal atresia. Upon questioning the mother reveals she had been getting repeat prescriptions from her GP in Poland without her UK GPs' or your knowledge. Which of the following medication was most likely to cause this?
Your Answer: Carbimazole
Explanation:This is one of the defects attributable to Carbimazole use.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 2
Correct
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Lidocaine works by blocking which of the following ion channels?
Your Answer: fast voltage gated sodium channels
Explanation:It blocks the voltage gated sodium channels and reduce the influx of sodium ions preventing depolarization of the membrane and blocking the conduction of the action potential. The affinity of the receptor site in the sodium channels depends on whether it is resting, open or inactive.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 3
Correct
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Which of the following best describes Clomiphene?
Your Answer: Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulator
Explanation:Clomiphene is a non-steroidal compound with tissue selective actions. It is used to induce ovulation in women who wish to become pregnant. It is a selective oestrogen receptor modulators.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 4
Incorrect
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What is the target INR in a patient who has just been started on warfarin therapy due to a pulmonary embolism?
Your Answer: 2.0-2.5
Correct Answer: 2.0-3.0
Explanation:Warfarin can be useful for management of thromboembolism. The target INR range for this medication is between 2.0-3.0 in patients with venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism etc. The INR range may increase to 3.0-4.0 in patients with mechanical valves. However, warfarin is not recommended in pregnancy, and Low Molecular Weight Heparin should be used for thromboprophylaxis instead.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 5
Correct
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Question 6
Correct
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A foetus is noted to be small for gestational age (SGA) on the 20 week scan. One of the mothers medications is stopped at this time. Follow up scans reveal renal dysgenesis. Which of the below medications was stopped?
Your Answer: Ramipril
Explanation:Use of angiotensin II receptors blocks and ACE inhibitors are known to result in renal dysgenesis. Due to renal dysgenesis oligohydramnios occurs that leads to IUGR.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 7
Correct
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Warfarin embryopathy is typically the result of the mother taking warfarin during which stage of pregnancy?
Your Answer: 6-12 weeks
Explanation:Warfarin is teratogenic if it is used in the first trimester. It causes bone defects and haemorrhages in the developing foetus.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 8
Incorrect
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The following drugs cross the placenta to the foetus, EXCEPT:
Your Answer: Warfarin
Correct Answer: Heparin
Explanation:Standard heparin, an effective treatment for antepartum thromboembolic disease, is thought to be safe for the foetus since it does not cross the placenta.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 9
Correct
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Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for Diazepam overdose?
Your Answer: Flumazenil
Explanation:Flumazenil is used for benzodiazepine overdose.
Naloxone is used for opioid overdose.
Parvolex (N-acetyl cysteine) is used for paracetamol overdose.
Protamine can be used for Heparin reversal.
Beriplex can be used for Warfarin reversal. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 10
Correct
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A patient is on the ward with a mechanical mitral valve. There is no history of VTE. What is the target INR?
Your Answer: 2.5 - 3.5
Explanation:With the use of warfarin, strict control of the INR is compulsory. After mitral valve replacement the INR should ideally be kept between 2.5-3.5. If the Ball and Cage or the Tilting Disc is used as a prosthetic valve then the target INR is 3.5, for bi-leaflets the target INR is 3.0 and for biological valves the target INR is 2.5.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
