-
Question 1
Incorrect
-
Which of the following statements regarding psoriasis is incorrect?
Your Answer: Often occurs on extensor surfaces
Correct Answer: Mediated by type 2 helper T cells
Explanation:Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease which is characterized by patches of abnormal skin. These skin patches are typically red, itchy, and scaly commonly on the extensor surfaces. Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis, lymphomas, cardiovascular disease, Crohn’s disease, and depression. Psoriatic arthritis affects up to 30% of individuals with psoriasis. Psoriasis is mediated by type 1 helper T cells which are involved in the cell mediated response, rather than type 2 helper T cells
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 2
Incorrect
-
Which is NOT true of vitiligo?
Your Answer: Vitiligo shows the Koebner phenomenon
Correct Answer: A positive family history is not a risk factor
Explanation:The cause of Vitiligo is typically unknown. It is believed to be due to genetic susceptibility that is triggered by an environmental factor such that an autoimmune disease occurs. This results in the destruction of skin pigment cells. Risk factors include a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, alopecia areata, and pernicious anaemia. Vitiligo is classified into two main types: segmental and non-segmental. Most cases are non-segmental meaning they affect both sides and typically get worse with time. The prevalence of vitiligo is 0.5-1% of populations worldwide. Typical sites include backs of hands, wrists, knees, neck and around body orifices. The Koebner phenomenon refers to skin lesions appearing on lines of trauma. This occurs in vitiligo secondary to scratching.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 3
Incorrect
-
Which of the following conditions is least likely to exhibit the Koebner phenomenon?
Your Answer: Pityriasis rubra
Correct Answer: Lupus vulgaris
Explanation:The Koebner phenomenon refers to skin lesions appearing on lines of trauma, exposure to a causative agents including: molluscum contagiosum, warts and toxicodendron dermatitis or secondary to scratching rather than an infective or chemical cause include vitiligo, psoriasis, lichen planus, lichen nitidus, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and keratosis follicularis (Darier disease).
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 4
Incorrect
-
A 72-year-old with varicose veins complains of swollen, red, itchy legs. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Your Answer: Lipodermatosclerosis
Correct Answer: Varicose eczema
Explanation:Varicose eczema is a common problem, particularly in elderly patients due to stasis or blood pooling from insufficient venous return; the alternative name of varicose eczema comes from a common cause of this being varicose veins. It is often mistaken for cellulitis, but cellulitis is rarely bilateral and is painful rather than itchy.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 5
Incorrect
-
Which one of the following conditions is least likely to be associated with pyoderma gangrenosum?
Your Answer: Myelocytic leukaemia
Correct Answer: Syphilis
Explanation:The following are conditions commonly associated with pyoderma gangrenosum:
Inflammatory bowel disease:
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn’s disease
Arthritides:
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Seronegative arthritis
Haematological disease:
- Myelocytic leukaemia
- Hairy cell leukaemia
- Myelofibrosis
- Myeloid metaplasia
- Monoclonal gammopathy
Autoinflammatory disease:
- Pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome (PAPA syndrome)
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 6
Incorrect
-
Café-au-lait spots are seen in each of the following, except:
Your Answer: Hunter syndrome
Correct Answer: Friedreich's ataxia
Explanation:Café-au-lait spots are hyperpigmented lesions that vary in colour from light brown to dark brown, with borders that may be smooth or irregular.
Causes include:
- Neurofibromatosis type I
- McCune–Albright syndrome
- Legius syndrome
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Fanconi anaemia
- Idiopathic
- Ataxia-telangiectasia
- Basal cell nevus syndrome
- Benign congenital skin lesion
- Bloom syndrome
- Chediak-Higashi syndrome
- Congenital nevus
- Gaucher disease
- Hunter syndrome
- Maffucci syndrome
- Multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
- Pulmonary Stenosis
- Silver–Russell syndrome
- Watson syndrome
- Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 7
Correct
-
Which one of these features is typical of dermatomyositis?
Your Answer: Gottron's papules over knuckles of fingers
Explanation:Dermatomyositis is a long-term inflammatory disorder which affects muscles. Its symptoms are generally a skin rash and worsening muscle weakness in the proximal muscles (for example, the shoulders and thighs) over time. These may occur suddenly or develop over months. Other symptoms may include weight loss, fever, lung inflammation, or light sensitivity. Complications may include calcium deposits in muscles or skin.The skin rash may manifest as aheliotrope (a purplish color) or lilac, but may also be red. It can occur around the eyes along with swelling, as well as the upper chest or back ( shawl sign) or V-sign above the breasts and may also occur on the face, upper arms, thighs, or hands. Another form the rash takes is called Gottron’s sign which are red or violet, sometimes scaly, slightly raised papules that erupt on any of the finger joints (the metacarpophalangeal joints or the interphalangeal joints)
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 8
Correct
-
Which one of the following is least associated with photosensitivity?
Your Answer: Acute intermittent porphyria
Explanation:Sunlight, especially its ultraviolet radiation component, can cause increased or additional types of damage in predisposed individuals, such as those taking certain phototoxic drugs, or those with certain conditions associated with photosensitivity, including:- Psoriasis- Atopic eczema- Erythema multiforme- Seborrheic dermatitis- Autoimmune bullous diseases (immunobullous diseases)- Mycosis fungoides- Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome- Porphyria cutanea tardaAlso, many conditions are aggravated by strong light, including:- Systemic lupus erythematosus- Sjögren’s syndrome- Sinear Usher syndrome- Rosacea- Dermatomyositis- Darier’s disease- Kindler-Weary syndromeAcute intermittent porphyria (AIP) belongs to the group inborn errors of metabolism and most patients with AIP are not light sensitive.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 9
Incorrect
-
Which one of these features is typical of dermatomyositis?
Your Answer: Distal muscle weakness
Correct Answer: Gottron's papules over knuckles of fingers
Explanation:The main symptom of dermatomyositis include skin rash and symmetric proximal muscle weakness (in over 90% of patients) which may be accompanied by pain and tenderness. It occurs more commonly in females. Skin findings include:Gottron’s sign – an erythematous, scaly eruption occurring in symmetric fashion over the MCP and interphalangeal jointsHeliotrope or lilac rash – a violaceous eruption on the upper eyelids and in rare cases on the lower eyelids as well, often with itching and swellingShawl (or V-) sign is a diffuse, flat, erythematous lesion over the back and shoulders or in a V over the posterior neck and back or neck and upper chest, which worsens with UV light. Erythroderma is a flat, erythematous lesion similar to the shawl sign but located in other areas, such as the malar region and the forehead. Periungual telangiectasias and erythema occur.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 10
Incorrect
-
Which is NOT a prognostic factor for patients with malignant melanoma?
Your Answer: Breslow thickness > 3 mm
Correct Answer: Diameter of melanoma > 6 mm
Explanation:Features that affect prognosis are tumour thickness in millimetres (Breslow’s depth – the deeper the Breslow thickness the poorer the prognosis.), depth related to skin structures (Clark level – the level of invasion through the dermis), type of melanoma, presence of ulceration, presence of lymphatic/perineural invasion, presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (if present, prognosis is better), location of lesion, presence of satellite lesions, and presence of regional or distant metastasis. Malignant melanoma tends to grow radially before entering a vertical growth phase. The diameter it reaches has not been found to be a prognostic factor.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Dermatology
- Medicine
-
SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
