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  • Question 1 - Regarding Iron stores, which of the following contains the highest proportion of total...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding Iron stores, which of the following contains the highest proportion of total body iron?

      Your Answer: Hemosiderin

      Correct Answer: Haemoglobin

      Explanation:

      Most well-nourished people in industrialized countries have 4 to 5 grams of iron in their bodies. Of this, about 2.5 g is contained in the haemoglobin needed to carry oxygen through the blood, and most of the rest (approximately 2 grams in adult men, and somewhat less in women of childbearing age) is contained in ferritin complexes that are present in all cells, but most common in bone marrow, liver, and spleen.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      11.3
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - What is the average life span of basophils? ...

    Correct

    • What is the average life span of basophils?

      Your Answer: 70 hours

      Explanation:

      Once mature, basophils have an estimated life span of 60–70 hours.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      13
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - In the clotting mechanism, activation of factor IX can occur through the direct...

    Correct

    • In the clotting mechanism, activation of factor IX can occur through the direct actions of:

      Your Answer: Factor VIIa & XIa

      Explanation:

      Factor IX is processed to remove the signal peptide, glycosylated and then cleaved by factor XIa (of the contact pathway) or factor VIIa (of the tissue factor pathway). When activated into factor IXa, in the presence of Ca2+, membrane phospholipids, and a Factor VIII cofactor, it hydrolyses one arginine-isoleucine bond in factor X to form factor Xa. Factor IX is inhibited by antithrombin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      131.3
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which of the following cells will degranulate and release histamine when binding to...

    Correct

    • Which of the following cells will degranulate and release histamine when binding to IgE?

      Your Answer: Basophils

      Explanation:

      Basophils have protein receptors on their cell surface that bind IgE, an immunoglobulin involved in microparasite defence and allergy. When activated, basophils degranulate to release histamine, proteoglycans (e.g. heparin and chondroitin), and proteolytic enzymes (e.g. elastase and lysophospholipase).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      15.5
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - The following play a role in regulation of intestinal iron absorption except: ...

    Incorrect

    • The following play a role in regulation of intestinal iron absorption except:

      Your Answer: Hereditary hemochromatosis gene

      Correct Answer: Urinary iron excretion rate

      Explanation:

      The human body’s rate of iron absorption appears to respond to a variety of interdependent factors, including total iron stores, dietary intake, the extent to which the bone marrow is producing new red blood cells, the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, and the oxygen content of the blood. Classic examples of genetic iron overload includes hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and the more severe disease juvenile hemochromatosis (JH).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      9.9
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - From which of the following can niacin be synthesized in humans ...

    Correct

    • From which of the following can niacin be synthesized in humans

      Your Answer: Tryptophan

      Explanation:

      Niacin, is also known as vitamin B3. The liver can synthesize niacin from the essential amino acid tryptophan, requiring 60 mg of tryptophan to make one mg of niacin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      18.9
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - One of the functions of the spleen with regards to red blood cells...

    Correct

    • One of the functions of the spleen with regards to red blood cells is:

      Your Answer: To filter and remove aged and abnormal red blood cells

      Explanation:

      The spleen plays important roles in regard to red blood cells (also referred to as erythrocytes) and the immune system. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of haemorrhagic shock, and also recycles iron. As a part of the mononuclear phagocyte system, it metabolizes haemoglobin removed from senescent erythrocytes. The globin portion of haemoglobin is degraded to its constitutive amino acids, and the haem portion is metabolized to bilirubin, which is removed in the liver.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      23.5
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Choose the most correct answer, what reduces affinity for oxygen in haemoglobin? ...

    Correct

    • Choose the most correct answer, what reduces affinity for oxygen in haemoglobin?

      Your Answer: All the options are true

      Explanation:

      The strength with which oxygen binds to haemoglobin is affected by several factors. These factors shift or reshape the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. A rightward shift indicates that the haemoglobin under study has a decreased affinity for oxygen. The causes of shift to right can be remembered using the mnemonic, CADET, face Right! for CO2 and CO, Acid (H+), 2,3-DPG, Exercise and Temperature.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      55.6
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - The following occurs as a result of 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate binding to deoxyhaemoglobin ...

    Correct

    • The following occurs as a result of 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate binding to deoxyhaemoglobin

      Your Answer: A reduction in deoxyhaemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

      Explanation:

      2,3-BPG acts as a heteroallosteric effector of haemoglobin, lowering haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen by binding preferentially to deoxyhaemoglobin. An increased concentration of BPG in red blood cells favours formation of the T, low-affinity state of haemoglobin and so the oxygen-binding curve will shift to the right.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      36.5
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which enzyme deficiency causes pellagra? ...

    Correct

    • Which enzyme deficiency causes pellagra?

      Your Answer: Niacin

      Explanation:

      Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease most frequently caused by a chronic lack of niacin (vitamin B3) in the diet.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      3.5
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - In adults, the major site of haematopoiesis is? ...

    Incorrect

    • In adults, the major site of haematopoiesis is?

      Your Answer: The liver

      Correct Answer: The axial skeleton

      Explanation:

      Bone marrow is the flexible tissue in the interior of bones. In humans, red blood cells are produced by cores of bone marrow in the heads of long bones.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      26.3
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Which statement about antithrombin III is true? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which statement about antithrombin III is true?

      Your Answer: It inactivates factors V and VIII

      Correct Answer: It inhibits particularly factor II and X

      Explanation:

      Antithrombin inactivates its physiological target enzymes, Thrombin (Factor II), Factor Xa and Factor IXa. ATIII binds to thrombin and then forms the thrombin-anti thrombin complex or TAT complex. This is a major natural pathway of anticoagulation. This binding of thrombin to AT is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      25.7
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (Methyl THF) is converted to THF with the help of which of...

    Correct

    • 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (Methyl THF) is converted to THF with the help of which of the following?

      Your Answer: B 12

      Explanation:

      MTR, also known as methionine synthase, is a methyltransferase enzyme, which uses the Vitamin B12 to transfer a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine, thereby generating tetrahydrofolate (THF) and methionine. This functionality is lost in vitamin B12 deficiency, resulting in an increased homocysteine level and the trapping of folate as 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate, from which THF (the active form of folate) cannot be recovered. THF plays an important role in DNA synthesis so reduced availability of THF results in ineffective production of cells with rapid turnover, in particular red blood cells, and also intestinal wall cells which are responsible for absorption.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      9.6
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which vitamin plays a major role in the metabolism of many amino acids?...

    Incorrect

    • Which vitamin plays a major role in the metabolism of many amino acids?

      Your Answer: Vitamin B1

      Correct Answer: Vitamin B6

      Explanation:

      Vitamin B6 is part of the vitamin B group, and its active form, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) serves as a coenzyme in many enzyme reactions in amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      13.6
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - Which of the following foods contain Vitamin B 12? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following foods contain Vitamin B 12?

      Your Answer: Liver, meat

      Explanation:

      No fungi, plants, nor animals (including humans) are capable of producing vitamin B12. Only bacteria and archaea have the enzymes needed for its synthesis. Proved food sources of B12 are animal products (meat, fish, dairy products).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      8.6
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - What is the average life span of red blood cells? ...

    Correct

    • What is the average life span of red blood cells?

      Your Answer: 4 months

      Explanation:

      Approximately 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per second in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days (4 months) in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      4.5
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which of the following foods do NOT contain high levels of folate? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following foods do NOT contain high levels of folate?

      Your Answer: Yellow vegetables

      Explanation:

      Folate naturally occurs in a wide variety of foods, including vegetables (particularly dark green leafy vegetables), fruits and fruit juices, nuts, beans, peas, dairy products, poultry and meat, eggs, seafood, grains, and some beers. Avocado, beetroot, spinach, liver, yeast, asparagus, and Brussels sprouts are among the foods with the highest levels of folate

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      5
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - The haemostatic plug formation in response to injured blood vessel wall is stimulated...

    Incorrect

    • The haemostatic plug formation in response to injured blood vessel wall is stimulated by exposure of which substance to platelets?

      Your Answer: von Willebrand factor (vWF)

      Correct Answer: Collagen

      Explanation:

      When the endothelium is damaged, the normally isolated, underlying collagen is exposed to circulating platelets, which bind directly to collagen with collagen-specific glycoprotein Ia/IIa surface receptors. This adhesion is strengthened further by von Willebrand factor (vWF), which is released from the endothelium and from platelets.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      33.5
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - The process in which tissue thromboplastin activates factor VII is best known as:...

    Correct

    • The process in which tissue thromboplastin activates factor VII is best known as:

      Your Answer: The extrinsic pathway

      Explanation:

      In the tissue factor pathway (extrinsic), following damage to the blood vessel, FVII leaves the circulation and comes into contact with tissue factor (TF) expressed on tissue-factor-bearing cells (stromal fibroblasts and leukocytes), forming an activated complex (TF-FVIIa).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      17.4
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - Which of the following factors is directly responsible for the breakdown of fibrinogen...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following factors is directly responsible for the breakdown of fibrinogen to fibrin?

      Your Answer: Plasmin

      Correct Answer: Thrombin

      Explanation:

      Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) is proteolytically cleaved to form thrombin in the coagulation cascade, the clotting process. Thrombin in turn acts as a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin, as well as catalysing many other coagulation-related reactions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      14.5
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Haematology (13/20) 65%
Medicine (13/20) 65%
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