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  • Question 1 - A man presents to the emergency department with a hand laceration that has...

    Correct

    • A man presents to the emergency department with a hand laceration that has damaged the opponens digiti minimi muscle.

      All of the following statements regarding the opponens digiti minimi muscle is considered correct, except:

      Your Answer: It is innervated by the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

      Explanation:

      Opponens digiti minimi (ODM) is an intrinsic muscle of the hand. It’s a triangular muscle that extends between the hamate bone (carpal bone) and the 5th metacarpal bone. It forms the hypothenar muscle group together with the abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi brevis, based on the medial side of the palm (hypothenar eminence). These muscles act together in moving the little finger. The opponens digiti minimi is responsible for flexion, lateral rotation and opposition of the little finger.
      Its origin is the hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum. It inserts into the medial border of 5th metacarpal bone. It is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve, which stems from the brachial plexus (C8, T1 spinal nerves).
      Its blood supply is by the deep palmar branch of ulnar artery and deep palmar arch, which is the terminal branch of the radial artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      177.1
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Regarding the brachioradialis muscle, which of the following statements is true? ...

    Correct

    • Regarding the brachioradialis muscle, which of the following statements is true?

      Your Answer: It assists with supination of the forearm at the radioulnar joints

      Explanation:

      Brachioradialis is a fusiform muscle located in the lateral part of the posterior forearm. Along with extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus, it comprises the radial group of forearm muscles, which belong to the superficial layer of posterior forearm muscles. Although anatomically part of the posterior forearm muscles, which are known to be forearm extensors, brachioradialis’ fibre orientation enables it to rather flex the forearm, and aids in supination of the forearm at the radioulnar joint.

      The brachioradialis muscle originates from the upper two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and the anterior surface of the lateral intermuscular septum of the arm. It slides over the lateral surface of the elbow joint, entering the anterolateral cubital area. The muscle fibres course inferiorly down the radial part of the anterior forearm, forming a thick tendon in approximately the middle of the forearm. This tendon then traverses the remainder of the forearm, inserting near the wrist, just proximal to the styloid process of radius.

      Brachioradialis is innervated by the radial nerve (from the root values C5-C6) that stems from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Blood supply to the brachioradialis muscle comes from branches of the radial artery, radial recurrent artery and the radial collateral branch of the deep brachial artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      352.1
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - A 35 year old man presents with a deep laceration to the proximal...

    Incorrect

    • A 35 year old man presents with a deep laceration to the proximal part of the forearm. On further assessment, the patient is unable to flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints of the index, middle finger and the thumb.

      The ring and little fingers are intact but there is weakness at the proximal interphalangeal joint.

      There is also loss of sensation over the lateral palm and the palmar surface of the lateral three and a half fingers.

      Which of these nerve(s) has most likely been affected?

      Your Answer: Median and radial nerve

      Correct Answer: Median nerve

      Explanation:

      A median nerve injury affecting the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand will present with:

      Loss of sensation to the lateral palm and the lateral three and a half fingers.

      Weakness of flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index and middle finger. This is because of paralysis of the lateral two lumbricals.

      Weakness of flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints of all four fingers due to paralysis of the flexor digitorum superficialis

      Weakness of flexion at the distal interphalangeal joints of the index and middle finger following paralysis of the lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus.
      Weakness of thumb flexion, abduction and opposition due to paralysis of the flexor pollicis longus and thenar muscles

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      134.3
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - A 33-year-old heavily muscled man presents with left-sided chest pain. After taking part...

    Correct

    • A 33-year-old heavily muscled man presents with left-sided chest pain. After taking part in a powerlifting competition, he felt a painful snap at the front of his shoulder and chest. There is also the presence of bruising and swelling over the left side of his chest. A ruptured pectoralis major muscle was suspected upon examining the injured area.

      Which of the following statements regarding the surface markings of the pectoralis major muscle is considered correct?

      Your Answer: It inserts into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

      Explanation:

      The pectoralis major is the superior most and largest muscle of the anterior chest wall. It is a thick, fan-shaped muscle that lies underneath the breast tissue and forms the anterior wall of the axilla.

      Its origin lies anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle, the anterior surface of the sternum, the first 7 costal cartilages, the sternal end of the sixth rib, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the anterior abdominal wall.
      The insertion of the pectoralis major is at the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. There are 2 heads of the pectoralis major, the clavicular and the sternocostal, which reference their area of origin.
      The function of the pectoralis major is 3-fold and dependent on which heads of muscles are involved:
      – Flexion, adduction and medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
      – Clavicular head causes flexion of the extended arm
      – Sternoclavicular head causes extension of the flexed arm

      Arterial supply of the pectoralis major, the pectoral artery, arises from the second branch of the axillary artery, the thoracoacromial trunk.

      The 2 heads of the pectoralis major have different nervous supplies. The clavicular head derives its nerve supply from the lateral pectoral nerve. The medial pectoral nerve innervates the sternocostal head. The lateral pectoral nerve arises directly from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and the medial pectoral nerve arises from the medial cord.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      187.3
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Due to a traffic accident, a male patient was unable to lift his...

    Correct

    • Due to a traffic accident, a male patient was unable to lift his arm, indicating an injury at the glenohumeral joint. Based on the patient’s current condition, which nerve or nerves are may likely damaged?

      Your Answer: Axillary and suprascapular nerve

      Explanation:

      A suprascapular nerve injury causes numbness in the shoulder, as well as weakness in abduction and external rotation.

      Damage to the axillary nerve can result in shoulder or arm muscle weakness, as well as difficulty lifting the arm. This is because the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, which are innervated by the axillary and suprascapular nerves, are responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      83.7
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Which of the following is most likely affected in De Quervain's tenosynovitis? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is most likely affected in De Quervain's tenosynovitis?

      Your Answer: Extensor pollicis brevis

      Explanation:

      De Quervain tenosynovitis is named after the Swiss surgeon, Fritz de Quervain, who first described it in 1895. It is a condition which involves tendon entrapment affecting the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. With this condition thickening of the tendon sheaths around the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis develops where the tendons pass in through the fibro-osseous tunnel located along the radial styloid at the distal wrist. Pain is exacerbated by thumb movement and radial and ulnar deviation of the wrist.

      The estimated prevalence of de Quervain tenosynovitis is about 0.5% in men and 1.3% in women with peak prevalence among those in their forties and fifties. It may be seen more commonly in individuals with a history of medial or lateral epicondylitis. Bilateral involvement is often reported in new mothers or child care providers in whom spontaneous resolution typically occurs once lifting of the child is less frequent.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      254.4
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - A 27 year old woman presents to ED having sustained a deep laceration...

    Correct

    • A 27 year old woman presents to ED having sustained a deep laceration to the dorsum of her ring finger whilst cooking. Her proximal interphalangeal joint is fixed in flexion and the distal interphalangeal joint is hyperextended. Which of the following structures in the digit has most likely been injured:

      Your Answer: Insertion of the central slip of the extensor tendon

      Explanation:

      Damage to the central slip of the extensor digitorum tendon would result in loss of extension at the proximal interphalangeal joint resulting in a fixed flexion deformity of this joint, and hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint due to a loss of balancing forces. This is called the Boutonniere deformity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      280.4
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following nerves supplies the abductor pollicis brevis? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following nerves supplies the abductor pollicis brevis?

      Your Answer: The recurrent branch of the median nerve

      Explanation:

      Abductor pollicis brevis is innervated by the recurrent (thenar) branch of median nerve (root value C8 and T1).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      204.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Which of the following statements is false regarding the biceps brachii muscle? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following statements is false regarding the biceps brachii muscle?

      Your Answer: It pronates the radioulnar joint in the forearm

      Explanation:

      The biceps brachii muscle is one of the chief muscles of the arm. The origin at the scapula and the insertion into the radius of the biceps brachii means it can act on both the shoulder joint and the elbow joint, which is why this muscle participates in a few movements of the arm. It derives its name from its two heads which merge in one unique distal body, defining the unusual structure of the muscle.

      The biceps brachii muscle is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6), a branch of the brachial plexus.

      Arterial supply to the biceps brachii muscle varies considerably, coming from up to eight vessels originating from the brachial artery in the middle third of the arm.

      In the shoulder joint both muscle heads partially enforce opposite movements. The long head pulls the arm away from the trunk (abduction) and turns it inwards (inward rotation) whereas the short head pulls the arm back towards the trunk (adduction). When both heads contract simultaneously it leads to an arm bend (flexion). In the elbow joint the muscle bends the forearm (flexion) and rotates it outwards (supination). The supination is most powerful in a flexed elbow. In addition to the movement functions, the biceps has the important task to support the humeral head within the shoulder joint. Its antagonist is the triceps brachii in the posterior compartment of the arm.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      77.2
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - A man presents to the emergency department with an injury that has damaged...

    Correct

    • A man presents to the emergency department with an injury that has damaged the opponens pollicis muscle.

      Which of the following statements regarding the opponens pollicis muscle is considered correct?

      Your Answer: It flexes the first metacarpal bone at the carpometacarpal joint

      Explanation:

      Opponens pollicis is a muscle of thenar eminence, it is triangular in shape and lies deep to flexor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis brevis. It originates from the flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium, abductor pollicis longus tendon.

      Its insertion is in the radial side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb. It is supplied by the median nerve (C8, T1). It receives blood supply from superficial arch.

      It flexes the metacarpal bone medially across the palm, also rotating it medially, causing opposition, the palmar aspect of the terminal segment of thumb contacts the flexor aspects of any other digit.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      244.2
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Regarding the abductor digiti minimi, which of the following statements is false? ...

    Correct

    • Regarding the abductor digiti minimi, which of the following statements is false?

      Your Answer: It assists with flexion of the fifth finger at the middle phalanx

      Explanation:

      Abductor digiti minimi is a short intrinsic muscle of the hand. It belongs to the group of muscles collectively called hypothenar muscles due to their acting on the 5th finger. Besides abductor digiti minimi, other hypothenar muscles include flexor digiti minimi brevis and opponens digiti minimi.

      The main function of abductor digiti minimi involves abduction of the 5th finger, as well as flexion of its proximal phalanx. Along with other hypothenar muscles, this muscle forms the hypothenar eminence on the medial side of the palm.

      Like other hypothenar muscles, abductor digiti minimi receives nervous supply from the deep branch of the ulnar nerve, derived from root values C8 and T1.

      Abductor digiti minimi receives arterial blood supply from the palmar branch of ulnar artery, palmar digital artery, as well as branches of the ulnar side of the superficial palmar arch. The venous blood from the muscle is drained via the venous networks of the palm into the deep veins of the arm (vv. ulnares).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      120.7
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - A 30 year old man stabbed in the upper arm presents to the...

    Correct

    • A 30 year old man stabbed in the upper arm presents to the Emergency Department and you perform a vascular examination.

      The brachial pulse can be best palpated at ?

      Your Answer: In the antecubital fossa, medial to the tendon of the biceps brachii

      Explanation:

      The brachial artery can be palpated in the antecubital fossa, medial to the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      355.8
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - What kind of function loss do you anticipate in a 22-year-old guy who...

    Correct

    • What kind of function loss do you anticipate in a 22-year-old guy who had a laceration to his arm, resulting in nerve damage in the antecubital fossa?

      Your Answer: Opposition of thumb

      Explanation:

      The symptoms of median nerve injury include tingling or numbness in the forearm, thumb, and three adjacent fingers, as well as gripping weakness and the inability to move the thumb across the palm.

      Because the thenar muscles and the flexor pollicis longus are paralyzed, flexion, abduction, and opposition of the thumb at the MCPJ and IPJ are gone.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      321.7
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - A 64-year-old woman had a humerus midshaft fracture due to tripping on a...

    Correct

    • A 64-year-old woman had a humerus midshaft fracture due to tripping on a curb and falling on her left arm. She might also have damaged which of the following structures?

      Your Answer: Radial nerve and deep brachial artery

      Explanation:

      The radial nerve and brachial artery are most likely to be damaged in humerus fractures. They are tethered together to the bone and cannot withstand the forces applied to it as a result of the displacement.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      90.7
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - Fracture of the medial epicondyle would result to the following, except ...

    Incorrect

    • Fracture of the medial epicondyle would result to the following, except

      Your Answer: Weakness of adduction of the fingers

      Correct Answer: Weakness of abduction of the thumb

      Explanation:

      Thumb abduction is mediated by the abductor pollicis longus and brevis, which are innervated by the radial and median nerves, respectively.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      278.8
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - A 24-year-old waiter cuts his hand on a dropped plate that smashed and...

    Correct

    • A 24-year-old waiter cuts his hand on a dropped plate that smashed and damages the nerve that innervates opponens digiti minimi.
      The opponens digiti minimi muscle is innervated by which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: The deep branch of the ulnar nerve

      Explanation:

      Opponens digiti minimi is a triangular-shaped muscle in the hand that forms part of the hypothenar eminence. It originates from the hook of the hamate bone and the flexor retinaculum and inserts into the medial border of the 5thmetacarpal.
      Opponens digiti minimi is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and receives its blood supply from the ulnar artery.
      Opponens digiti minimi draws the fifth metacarpal bone anteriorly and rotates it, bringing the fifth digiti into opposition with the thumb.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      74
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - A 44 year old woman sustains an injury to the median nerve at...

    Correct

    • A 44 year old woman sustains an injury to the median nerve at the elbow after falling awkwardly. Which of the following clinical features are you LEAST likely to see on examination:

      Your Answer: Loss of flexion of the medial two digits

      Explanation:

      Flexion of the index and middle fingers at the IPJs is lost due to paralysis of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus. Flexion of the MCPJs of the index and middle fingers are lost due to paralysis of the lateral two lumbrical muscles. Flexion of the ring and little fingers are preserved as these are supported by the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus and the medial two lumbrical muscles, innervated by the ulnar nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      200.2
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - A 30-year-old carpenter presented to the emergency room with a laceration of his...

    Incorrect

    • A 30-year-old carpenter presented to the emergency room with a laceration of his upper volar forearm. Upon further exploration and observation, it was revealed that the nerve that innervates the pronator teres muscle has been damaged.

      Which of the following nerves is most likely damaged in the case?

      Your Answer: The ulnar nerve

      Correct Answer: The median nerve

      Explanation:

      Pronator teres syndrome (PTS) is caused by a compression of the median nerve (MN) by the pronator teres (PT) muscle in the forearm.

      The median nerve, C6 and C7, innervates the pronator teres.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      122.3
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - A 25-year old male is brought to the emergency room after a traffic...

    Incorrect

    • A 25-year old male is brought to the emergency room after a traffic accident. Upon examination, there was tenderness and erythema on the right acromioclavicular joint, with notable step deformity. On radiographic imaging, there is a superior elevation of the clavicle, a twice than normal coracoclavicular distance, and absence of fracture.

      Which of the following structure/s is/are likely to have ruptured?

      Your Answer: Coracoclavicular ligament only

      Correct Answer: Acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament and joint capsule

      Explanation:

      Acromioclavicular joint injuries account for more than forty percent of all shoulder injuries. Mild injuries are not associated with any significant morbidity, but severe injuries can lead to significant loss of strength and function of the shoulder. Acromioclavicular injuries may be associated with a fractured clavicle, impingement syndromes, and more rarely neurovascular insults.

      The AC joint is a diarthrodial joint defined by the lateral process of the clavicle articulating with the acromion process as it projects anteriorly off the scapula. The joint is primarily stabilized by the acromioclavicular ligament, which is composed of an anterior, posterior, inferior, and superior component. Of note, the superior portion of the AC ligament is the most important component for the stability of the AC joint. Supporting structures include two coracoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid and conoid ligaments), which provide vertical stability, as well as the coracoacromial ligament.

      Patients with an AC joint injury typically present with anterosuperior shoulder pain and will describe a mechanism of injury of blunt trauma to the abducted shoulder or landing on an outstretched arm, suggestive of this type of injury. They may describe pain radiating to the neck or shoulder, which is often worse with movement or when they try to sleep on the affected shoulder. On examination, the clinician may observe swelling, bruising, or a deformity of the AC joint, depending on the degree of injury. The patient will be tender at that location. They may have a restriction in the active and passive range of motion secondary to pain. Piano key sign may be seen, with an elevation of the clavicle that rebounds after inferior compression.

      Standard X-rays are adequate to make a diagnosis of acromioclavicular joint injury and should be used to evaluate for other causes of traumatic shoulder pain.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      270.9
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - A man suffered from a back injury due to a fall from a...

    Correct

    • A man suffered from a back injury due to a fall from a ladder. Significant bruising was found to be overlying his latissimus dorsi muscle.

      Which of the following statements regarding the latissimus dorsi muscle is considered correct?

      Your Answer: It raises the body towards the arm during climbing

      Explanation:

      The latissimus dorsi muscle is a broad, flat muscle that occupies the majority of the lower posterior thorax. The muscle’s primary function is of the upper extremity but is also considered to be a respiratory accessory muscle.

      Latissimus dorsi is a climbing muscle. With the arms fixed above the head, it can raise the trunk upwards, together with the help of pectoralis major.

      Functionally, the latissimus dorsi muscle belongs to the muscles of the scapular motion. This muscle is able to pull the inferior angle of the scapula in various directions, producing movements on the shoulder joint (internal rotation, adduction and extension of the arm). It is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve (C6 – C8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, which enters the muscle on its deep surface.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      247.5
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - A 30-year old male is brought to the emergency room after a terrible...

    Incorrect

    • A 30-year old male is brought to the emergency room after a terrible fall during a photoshoot. The patient reported falling on his right forearm. There is evident swelling and tenderness on the affected area, with notable weakness of the flexor pollicis longus muscle. Radiographic imaging showed a fracture on the midshaft of the right radius.

      Which of the following nerves is most likely injured in the case above?

      Your Answer: The median nerve

      Correct Answer: The anterior interosseous nerve

      Explanation:

      Flexor pollicis longus receives nervous supply from the anterior interosseous branch of median nerve, derived from spinal roots C7 and C8.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      95.5
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - Which of the following nerves is most likely associated with an anterior shoulder...

    Correct

    • Which of the following nerves is most likely associated with an anterior shoulder dislocation?

      Your Answer: Axillary nerve

      Explanation:

      In an anterior dislocation, the arm is an abducted and externally rotated position. In the externally rotated position, the posterosuperior aspect of the humeral head abuts and drives through the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid rim. This can damage the humeral head, glenoid labrum, or both. An associated humeral head compression fracture is described as a Hill Sach’s lesion. If large enough, it can lead to locked dislocations that may require open reduction. The glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilaginous structure that rings the circumference of the glenoid fossa. Bankart lesions are injuries to the anteroinferior glenoid labrum complex and the most common capsulolabral injury. A bony Bankart lesion refers to an associated fracture of the glenoid rim. These capsulolabral lesions are risk factors for recurrent dislocation.

      Axillary nerve injury is identified in about 42% of acute anterior shoulder dislocations. Nerve transection is rare, and traction injuries are more common. Arterial injury has also been described. The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery after passing the first rib. The distal portion of the axillary artery is anatomically fixed and, therefore, susceptible to injury in anterior dislocations. Ischemic injury, including pseudoaneurysm and arterial laceration, is rare but carries marked morbidity if not quickly identified.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      104.4
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - A 29 year old man presents to ED followed an alleged assault whilst...

    Correct

    • A 29 year old man presents to ED followed an alleged assault whilst out drinking. He received blunt trauma to his right axilla. He is complaining of difficulty abducting his right arm above the level of his shoulder, and on inspection, the inferior angle of his right scapula protrudes more than that of his left scapula. Which of the following nerves has most likely been affected:

      Your Answer: Long thoracic nerve

      Explanation:

      Damage to the long thoracic nerve results in weakness/paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle causing difficulty abducting the upper limb above 90 degrees and giving a ‘winged ‘ scapula appearance where the medial border, particularly the inferior angle, of the scapula moves laterally and posteriorly away from the thoracic wall (this becomes more pronounced if the patient presses the upper limb against a wall).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      70.3
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - A patient has suffered a nerve injury that has caused weakness of the...

    Correct

    • A patient has suffered a nerve injury that has caused weakness of the pectoralis minor muscle.
      Pectoralis minor receives its innervation from which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Medial pectoral nerve

      Explanation:

      Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle that is situated in the upper chest. It is thinner and smaller than pectoralis major. It is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve.
      The origin of pectoralis minor is the 3rdto the 5thribs, near the costal cartilages. It inserts into the medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.
      The main action of pectoralis minor is to draw the scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall. This serves to stabilise the scapula.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      50.6
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - A patent has weakness of humeral flexion and extension. A CT scan reveals...

    Correct

    • A patent has weakness of humeral flexion and extension. A CT scan reveals that he has suffered damage to the nerve that innervates pectoralis major.
      Pectoralis major receives its innervation from which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

      Explanation:

      Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle situated in the chest. It makes up the bulk of the chest musculature in the male and lies underneath the breast in the female. It overlies the thinner pectoralis minor muscle.
      Superficial muscles of the chest and arm showing pectoralis major (from Gray’s Anatomy)
      Pectoralis major has two heads; the clavicular head and the sternocostal head. The clavicular head originates from the anterior border and medial half of the clavicle. The sternocostal head originates from the anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. It inserts into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus.
      Pectoralis major receives dual innervation from the medial pectoral nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve.
      Its main actions are as follows:
      Flexes humerus (clavicular head)
      Extends humerus (sternocostal head)
      Adducts and medially rotates the humerus
      Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      80.8
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - A patient was diagnosed with Erb's palsy as a result of a brachial...

    Correct

    • A patient was diagnosed with Erb's palsy as a result of a brachial plexus injury sustained in a car accident and, as a result, suffers from left arm paralysis. The following muscles are affected by the injury, except

      Your Answer: Trapezius

      Explanation:

      Damage to the C5 and C6 nerve roots causes Erb’s palsy.

      The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) innervates the trapezius muscle, thus you would not expect this muscle to be impacted.

      The trapezius is a muscle that runs from the base of the neck across the shoulders and into the centre of the back.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      82.6
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - A patient with a stab wound to the axilla arrives to the emergency...

    Correct

    • A patient with a stab wound to the axilla arrives to the emergency department. You notice weakness in elbow flexion and forearm supination during your assessment. Which of these nerves has been affected:

      Your Answer: Musculocutaneous nerve

      Explanation:

      The musculocutaneous nerve is relatively protected in the axilla, hence injury to it is uncommon. A stab wound in the axilla is the most prevalent source of damage. Because of the activities of the pectoralis major and deltoid, the brachioradialis, and the supinator muscles, arm flexion and forearm flexion and supination are diminished but not completely lost. Over the lateral part of the forearm, there is a lack of sensation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      223
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - The fracture of the medial epicondyle will cause damage to the ulnar nerve....

    Incorrect

    • The fracture of the medial epicondyle will cause damage to the ulnar nerve. Which of the following motions would be impaired by this type of injury?

      Your Answer: Opposition of the thumb

      Correct Answer: Adduction of the thumb

      Explanation:

      Fracture of the medial epicondyle is most likely to result in damage to the ulnar nerve.

      The three hypothenar muscles, two medial lumbricals, seven interossei, the adductor pollicis, and the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis are all innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      81.7
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - A 25-year-old man suffers from a shoulder injury that damaged the nerve that...

    Correct

    • A 25-year-old man suffers from a shoulder injury that damaged the nerve that innervates the infraspinatus muscle.

      Which of the following nerves may most likely be affected?

      Your Answer: The suprascapular nerve

      Explanation:

      The suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) innervates the infraspinatus. It originates at the superior trunk of the brachial plexus. It runs laterally across the lateral cervical region to supply the infraspinatus and also the supraspinatus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      76.7
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - A 27-year-old man presents with a laceration of his forearm that severed the...

    Correct

    • A 27-year-old man presents with a laceration of his forearm that severed the nerve that innervates flexor carpi radialis.
      Which of the following nerves has been damaged in this case? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: The median nerve

      Explanation:

      Flexor carpi radialis is innervated by the median nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      73.4
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (24/30) 80%
Upper Limb (24/30) 80%
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