00
Correct
00
Incorrect
00 : 00 : 00
Session Time
00 : 00
Average Question Time ( Secs)
Retry this test Dashboard

  • Question 1 - Vasodilatation of coronary arteries is caused by: ...

    Incorrect

    • Vasodilatation of coronary arteries is caused by:

      Your Answer: Hypocapnia

      Correct Answer: Hypoxia

      Explanation:

      The heart is highly metabolically active and boasts the highest oxygen consumption by mass of any organ. This demand for oxygen is met by the coronary circulation, which is responsible for delivering blood to the myocardium and represents approximately 5% of cardiac output. Vasodilation may be due to the local effect of hypoxia on coronary vessels, or local metabolic vasodilation, or the activation of β-adrenoceptors or some combination of these mechanisms.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      50.7
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which of the following structures is not part of the conducting system of...

    Correct

    • Which of the following structures is not part of the conducting system of the heart?

      Your Answer: Ventricular wall

      Explanation:

      The conduction system of the heart consists of the SA node, AV node, internodal pathway between these two nodes, Bundle of His and the purkinje fibers

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      20.2
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Concerning surface anatomy, where is the base of the heart ...

    Correct

    • Concerning surface anatomy, where is the base of the heart

      Your Answer: 2nd left costal to 3rd right costal cartilage

      Explanation:

      The base of the heart, also known as the superior border of the heart corresponds to a line connecting the inferior border of the 2nd left costal cartilage to the superior border of the 3rd right costal cartilage.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      73.1
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Cholinergic vagal supply to the SA and AV nodes results in slowing of...

    Correct

    • Cholinergic vagal supply to the SA and AV nodes results in slowing of the heart rate via:

      Your Answer: M2 muscarinic receptors

      Explanation:

      M2 muscarinic receptors are the receptors for the parasympathetic system to the SA and the AV node.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      96.3
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Pacemaker cells in the SA node and the AV node are connected by?...

    Correct

    • Pacemaker cells in the SA node and the AV node are connected by?

      Your Answer: Gap junctions

      Explanation:

      Gap junctions allows for rapid propagation of the action potential from one cell to the other. The cells of the heart are connected by gap junctions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      16.8
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Coronary arteries arise from? ...

    Incorrect

    • Coronary arteries arise from?

      Your Answer: Aortic arch

      Correct Answer: None of the above

      Explanation:

      Coronary arteries arise from the sinuses behind 2 of the cusps of the aortic valve at the root of aorta.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      46.8
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Myocardial oxygen consumption is increased by: ...

    Incorrect

    • Myocardial oxygen consumption is increased by:

      Your Answer: B[ an increase in preload

      Correct Answer: An increase in after load

      Explanation:

      Cardiac oxygen consumption is directly related to the amount of tension that develops in the ventricles. It is increased by an increased size of heart, increased afterload, increased contractility and increased heart rate.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      68.9
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - What type of intercellular connection found between cardiac muscle fibers allow for the...

    Correct

    • What type of intercellular connection found between cardiac muscle fibers allow for the spread of excitation from one cell to another?

      Your Answer: Gap junctions

      Explanation:

      The cardiac muscles have gap junctions in-between the cells. They form low resistance passages, which allow ions to diffuse through every muscle fiber rapidly and result in the cardiac muscles functioning as a syncytium, without any protoplasmic bridges involved.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      46.2
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Which of the following suggests the presence of mitral regurgitation as well as...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following suggests the presence of mitral regurgitation as well as mitral stenosis?

      Your Answer: Localised tapping apex beat

      Correct Answer: Displaced apex beat

      Explanation:

      Mitral stenosis on its own does not lead to left ventricular dilatation and hence a displaced apex beat. Thus a displaced apex beat is suggestive of mixed mitral disease. The other options occur in mitral stenosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      79.4
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Generalized vasoconstrictors include: ...

    Correct

    • Generalized vasoconstrictors include:

      Your Answer: Norepinephrine, endothelin, angiotensin ii

      Explanation:

      Vasopressin, angiotensin II, adrenaline and endothelin are generalized vasoconstrictors.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      29.8
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Where on the surface of the chest is the normal site of auscultation...

    Correct

    • Where on the surface of the chest is the normal site of auscultation for the mitral area?

      Your Answer: 4th left intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line

      Explanation:

      The mitral valve is situated in the left 4th intercostal space just beneath the sternum, in the mid clavicular line.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      77.2
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Which of the following is first to rise following myocardial infarction? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is first to rise following myocardial infarction?

      Your Answer: Myoglobin

      Explanation:

      Myoglobin, is a sensitive indicator of muscle injury and is first to rise following MI within two hours but is nonspecific.Troponin and CK-MB both begin to rise approximately three hours after MI. The cardiac troponins T and I which are released within 4–6 hours of an attack of MI and remain elevated for up to 2 weeks, have nearly complete tissue specificity and are now the preferred markers for assessing myocardial damage.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) begins to rise approximately 12 hours after MI.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      41.2
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - Sinus bradycardia may be caused by disease of which of the following: ...

    Correct

    • Sinus bradycardia may be caused by disease of which of the following:

      Your Answer: Right coronary artery

      Explanation:

      Disease of the right coronary artery may cause sinus bradycardia and AV nodal block.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      14.1
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which factor produced by the endothelium is responsible for the regulation of vascular...

    Correct

    • Which factor produced by the endothelium is responsible for the regulation of vascular cell growth?

      Your Answer: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

      Explanation:

      VEGF is produced by the endothelial cells and is the major growth factor responsible for causing vasculogenesis. Some isoforms of this growth factor also have a prominent role in formation of lymphatic vessels.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      13.6
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - The most resistant area in the brain to hypoxia is: ...

    Correct

    • The most resistant area in the brain to hypoxia is:

      Your Answer: Brain stem

      Explanation:

      The structures in the brainstem are more resistant to hypoxia than the cerebral cortex and the rest of the brain structures.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      82.2
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - The basic unit of contraction in myocytes is: ...

    Correct

    • The basic unit of contraction in myocytes is:

      Your Answer: Sarcomere

      Explanation:

      Sarcomere is the organelle where calcium is stored to be released during contraction of the muscle. It is the basic unit of contraction in striated muscle fibers. As myocytes are also striated muscles, sarcomeres also forms the basic unit of contraction. The impulses travel along the membrane and via its interaction with the dihydropyridine receptors it releases the stored calcium.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      42.7
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Preload: ...

    Correct

    • Preload:

      Your Answer: Is the degree to which the myocardium is stretched before is contracts

      Explanation:

      Preload is end diastolic volume. It is the degree to which the heart muscle fiber is stretched when it fills up completely just before the heart contracts.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      38.8
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Regarding the length of systole and diastole which of the following is true?...

    Correct

    • Regarding the length of systole and diastole which of the following is true?

      Your Answer: The duration of systole is more fixed than diastole

      Explanation:

      The duration of systole is more fixed than the duration of diastole. When the heart rate increases the timing of systole remains more or less the same however, diastole decreases.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      113.7
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - Myocardium requires more oxygen to expel blood in: ...

    Incorrect

    • Myocardium requires more oxygen to expel blood in:

      Your Answer: A stenotic pulmonary valve

      Correct Answer: A stenotic aortic valve

      Explanation:

      In aortic valve stenosis, increased ventricular pressure Is needed to expel the blood into the aorta. Increased pressure means increased contractility hence increase O2 consumption by the heart muscles.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      128.4
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - Which is the most common site for primary cardiac tumours to occur in...

    Correct

    • Which is the most common site for primary cardiac tumours to occur in adults?

      Your Answer: Left atrium

      Explanation:

      Myxomas are the most common type of primary heart tumour. The tumour is derived from multipotential mesenchymal cells and may cause a ball valve-type obstruction. About 75% of myxomas occur in the left atrium of the heart, usually beginning in the wall that divides the two upper chambers of the heart.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      44.7
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - The celiac trunk consists of which arteries? ...

    Incorrect

    • The celiac trunk consists of which arteries?

      Your Answer: Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

      Correct Answer: Left gastric, common hepatic, splenic

      Explanation:

      The celiac trunk is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. It is 1.25 cm in length. Branching from the aorta at thoracic vertebra 12 (T12). There are three main divisions of the celiac artery:- left gastric artery- common hepatic artery- splenic artery

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      31.3
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - Which of the following statements is true regarding pulsus alternans? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding pulsus alternans?

      Your Answer: It is diagnosed electrocardiographically

      Correct Answer: It is found in association with a third heart sound

      Explanation:

      Pulsus alternans is a physical finding with arterial pulse waveform showing alternating strong and weak beats. It is almost always indicative of left ventricular systolic impairment, and carries a poor prognosis. A pathological third heart sound is usually associated.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      36.1
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - Select the correct statement regarding the 4th heart sound, it? ...

    Incorrect

    • Select the correct statement regarding the 4th heart sound, it?

      Your Answer: Occurs during isovolumetric ventricular contraction.

      Correct Answer: Can be heard in atrial systole.

      Explanation:

      The fourth heart sound is not normally audible in a normal adult. It occurs as a consequence of ventricular hypertrophy. It is caused by filling of the ventricle by atrial systole.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      47.2
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - The heart rate can be accelerated by: ...

    Correct

    • The heart rate can be accelerated by:

      Your Answer: Exercise and thyroid hormones

      Explanation:

      The firing of the SA node will increase due to exercises and as the thyroid hormone has a chronotropic effect on the heart, it too will result in an increase in the heart rate via stimulation of the adrenergic receptors of the heart. As during exercise the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it will directly have an positive chronotropic effect on the heart.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      22.2
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle involves all of the following except: ...

    Incorrect

    • Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle involves all of the following except:

      Your Answer: Ca2+ conductance via the dihydropyridine receptor

      Correct Answer: Binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin

      Explanation:

      In the excitation contraction coupling model, an action potential is transmitted to the fibrils of a fiber through the T tubule system. It triggers the release of Ca 2+ from the terminal cisterns. Depolarization of the T tubules activates the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the dihydropyridine receptors. These are voltage gates calcium channels. Calcium binds to calmodulin during contraction of the smooth muscle and not the cardiac muscles.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      124.6
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - Activation of baroreceptor reflex involves: ...

    Correct

    • Activation of baroreceptor reflex involves:

      Your Answer: Short term regulation of systemic blood pressure

      Explanation:

      Baroreceptors are found in the heart and the blood vessels. They are the carotid sinus and the aortic arch receptors and respond to the minute to minute change in the blood pressure i.e. a change in the pulsatile pressure and not to a change in the mean arterial pressure. If the pulse pressure decreases, the rate of firing of the receptors decreases, stimulating an increase in the heart rate and blood pressure. Mechanisms that regulate the long term blood pressure control include the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      92.7
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - The end- diastolic ventricular volume is about? ...

    Correct

    • The end- diastolic ventricular volume is about?

      Your Answer: 130 ml

      Explanation:

      The end diastolic volume in a healthy individual is about 130 ml.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      10.5
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - Which of the atrial pressure changes represents the a-wave of the JVP ...

    Correct

    • Which of the atrial pressure changes represents the a-wave of the JVP

      Your Answer: Atrial systole

      Explanation:

      The a-wave created on the venous pulse curve occurs as a result of atrial systole. Due to the pressure build-up in the atria, it causes a back pressure in the vena cava. This pressure is exerted on the valve and this back pressure is what causes a slight increase in the venous pressure.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      12.8
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - The Sinoatrial node in the majority of people is supplied by the? ...

    Correct

    • The Sinoatrial node in the majority of people is supplied by the?

      Your Answer: Right coronary artery

      Explanation:

      In 60% of people, the SA node is supplied by the right coronary artery branch and in 40% of the people by the left coronary artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      10.2
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - All of the following are consistent with the indicator dilution method except--- ...

    Incorrect

    • All of the following are consistent with the indicator dilution method except---

      Your Answer: The indicator must have no haemodynamic effects

      Correct Answer: In thermodilution, the indicator used is warm saline

      Explanation:

      In thermodilution, the indicator used is cold saline.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      72.9
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Cardiovascular (20/30) 67%
Medicine (20/30) 67%
Passmed
Retry this test Dashboard