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Question 1
Correct
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A 40-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. He had had multiple sexual partners. He was not willing to change his lifestyle, nor was he willing to inform any of his former partners. What is the most suitable next step for the doctor?
Your Answer: Give general advice
Explanation:General advice should be given to the patient as HIV is not a notifiable disease. Informing someone about the disease without the patient’s consent will breach the confidentiality.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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Question 2
Correct
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You are asked to fill the first part of a cremation form. Which of the following would need to be removed prior to cremation?
Your Answer: Pacemaker
Explanation:Pacemakers have small electrical parts installed in them that can explode when exposed to extreme heat and pressure.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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Question 3
Incorrect
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A 28-year-old female presents with postnatal depression and refuses treatment. Which form of consent should be obtained in order to treat this patient?
Your Answer: Written consent required
Correct Answer: No consent required
Explanation:The patient is in an altered psychological state; thus, no verbal nor a written consent is required from her. Consent from the carer or the court of law can be obtained but this will require some time while a prompt action is needed in this case and the carer is also unable to make a decision on the behalf of the patient. Therefore, the doctor should act without consent.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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Question 4
Correct
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A team of physicians presented their audit of fluid management for dengue haemorrhagic fever one year ago. A number of recommendations were made at that time and changes were implemented. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step that this team should take?
Your Answer: Re-audit
Explanation:Clinical audit is defined as a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change. To see whether the recommendations have been implemented, a re-audit has to be performed.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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Question 5
Correct
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A 16-month-old infant presented to ER with multiple bruises on his right arm. According to his mom, he has been unable to move it since yesterday and is crying more than usual. A relative attended the child while his mother was on a night shift. X-ray revealed a fracture of the right humerus, which was put in a cast. What is the next step in this case?
Your Answer: Admit under care of paediatrician
Explanation:Certain lesions present on x-ray are suggestive of child abuse including rib, humerus and skull fractures. It is the doctors responsibility to follow up on these cases to determine whether domestic abuse has occurred.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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Question 6
Incorrect
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A 30-year-old male came to the emergency room after sustaining injuries during a fight at a nightclub. He was drunk and abusive to the nurse on duty. Which of the following steps is the most appropriate in this case?
Your Answer: Implement Public Health Act
Correct Answer: Call police
Explanation:As this patient seems to be a danger to the safety of staff, police should be called to handle the situation.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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Question 7
Correct
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A 15-year-old girl is admitted to hospital following a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. She comes from a family of Jehovah's Witnesses. Her haemoglobin on admission is 6.7 g/dl. She consents to a blood transfusion but her mother refuses. What is the most appropriate course of action?
Your Answer: Give the blood transfusion
Explanation:People aged 16 or over are entitled to consent to their own treatment. This can only be overruled in exceptional circumstances. Children under the age of 16 can consent to their own treatment if they’re believed to have enough intelligence, competence and understanding to fully appreciate what’s involved in their treatment. This is known as being Gillick competent.
Otherwise, someone with parental responsibility can consent for them.
This could be:
the child’s mother or father
the child’s legally appointed guardian
a person with a residence order concerning the child
a local authority designated to care for the child
a local authority or person with an emergency protection order for the child.
Giving the blood transfusion is therefore both clinically and ethically the right course of action.
Jehovah’s Witnesses frequently carry a signed and witnessed Advance Decision Document listing the blood products and autologous procedures that are, or are not, acceptable to them It is appropriate to have a frank, confidential discussion with the patient about the potential risks of their decision and the possible alternatives to transfusion, but the freely expressed wish of a competent adult must always be respected. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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Question 8
Incorrect
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What is the most appropriate next step if a consultant is nominated at a directorate meeting to undertake the next clinical audit?
Your Answer: Identify standards
Correct Answer: Needs assessment
Explanation:Clinical audit is defined as a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change. The first step has to be initial assessment and identifying the issues.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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Question 9
Correct
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You are working as a junior doctor in a medical ward when the pharmacist approaches you and informs you that Mr. Henry is documented as allergic to penicillin but you have prescribed him amoxicillin. The patient has received 3 doses without any reaction. The pharmacist has assured you he will not tell anyone about this incident. Which of the following is the most appropriate step now?
Your Answer: Inform the patient of your mistake
Explanation:The patient should be informed about the mistake. The antibiotic should also be changed and the incident should be documented. Thank the pharmacist for his courteous behaviour but do not encourage his attempt to cover up the matter.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Ethical & Legal
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
