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  • Question 1 - The following statements are not true of the flexor digiti minimi brevis, except?...

    Incorrect

    • The following statements are not true of the flexor digiti minimi brevis, except?

      Your Answer: It assists with the abduction of the fifth finger

      Correct Answer: It is situated on the radial border of abductor digiti minimi

      Explanation:

      Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the ulnar side of the palm, lying on the radial border of the abductor digiti minimi. Together with the abductor digiti minimi and opponens digiti minimi muscles, it forms the hypothenar eminence. The muscle is situated inferior and lateral to adductor digiti minimi muscle and superior and medial to opponens digiti minimi muscle. The proximal parts of flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles form a gap through which deep branches of the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve pass.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      24.6
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A patent has weakness of humeral flexion and extension. A CT scan reveals...

    Correct

    • A patent has weakness of humeral flexion and extension. A CT scan reveals that he has suffered damage to the nerve that innervates pectoralis major.
      Pectoralis major receives its innervation from which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

      Explanation:

      Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle situated in the chest. It makes up the bulk of the chest musculature in the male and lies underneath the breast in the female. It overlies the thinner pectoralis minor muscle.
      Superficial muscles of the chest and arm showing pectoralis major (from Gray’s Anatomy)
      Pectoralis major has two heads; the clavicular head and the sternocostal head. The clavicular head originates from the anterior border and medial half of the clavicle. The sternocostal head originates from the anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. It inserts into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus.
      Pectoralis major receives dual innervation from the medial pectoral nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve.
      Its main actions are as follows:
      Flexes humerus (clavicular head)
      Extends humerus (sternocostal head)
      Adducts and medially rotates the humerus
      Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      36.6
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - A 25 year old man has sustained a fracture to the surgical neck...

    Correct

    • A 25 year old man has sustained a fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus after falling from his bike. Examination suggests an axillary nerve injury. The clinical features expected to be seen in this patient are:

      Your Answer: Weakness of shoulder abduction

      Explanation:

      Axillary nerve injury results in:
      1. weakness of arm abduction (paralysis of deltoid),
      2. weakness of lateral rotation of the arm (paralysis of teres minor)
      3. loss of sensation over the regimental badge area.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      24.8
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - You assess a patient that has suffered a nerve injury that has paralysed...

    Incorrect

    • You assess a patient that has suffered a nerve injury that has paralysed her left latissimus dorsi muscle.
      Latissimus dorsi receives its innervation from which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Long thoracic nerve

      Correct Answer: Thoracodorsal nerve

      Explanation:

      Latissimus dorsi originates from the lower part of the back, where it covers a wide area. It lies underneath the inferior fibres of trapezius superiorly, and trapezius is the most superficial back muscle.
      Superficial muscles of the back showing latissimus dorsi (from Gray’s Anatomy)
      Latissimus dorsi has a broad origin, arising from the spinous processes of T6-T12, the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crest and the inferior 3 or 4 ribs. The fibres converge into a tendon that inserts into the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
      Latissimus dorsi is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.
      Latissimus dorsi acts to extend, adduct and medially rotate the humerus. It, therefore, raises the body towards the arm during climbing.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      10.9
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which of the following nerves supply the superficial head of the flexor pollicis...

    Correct

    • Which of the following nerves supply the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis muscle?

      Your Answer: The recurrent branch of the median nerve

      Explanation:

      The two heads of the flexor pollicis brevis usually differ in their innervation. The superficial head of flexor pollicis muscle receives nervous supply from the recurrent branch of the median nerve, whereas the deep head receives innervation from the deep branch of the ulnar nerve, derived from spinal roots C8 and T1.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      58.1
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - A patient suffered from a chest injury while working out in the gym....

    Incorrect

    • A patient suffered from a chest injury while working out in the gym. As a consequence of his injury, his pectoralis minor muscle was damaged.

      Which of the following statements regarding the pectoralis minor muscle is considered correct?

      Your Answer: It flexes the humerus

      Correct Answer: It stabilises the scapula

      Explanation:

      The pectoralis minor, in comparison to the pectoralis major, is much thinner and triangular in shape and resides below the major. It originates from the margins of the third to fifth ribs adjacent to the costochondral junction. The fibres consequently pass upward and laterally to insert into the medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process. It is crucial in the stabilization of the scapula by pulling it downward and anteriorly against the thoracic wall.

      Arterial supply to the pectoralis minor also derives from the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk. Nerve supply of the pectoralis minor is a function of the lateral pectoral nerve and the medial pectoral nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      14.7
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - A patient presents to ED complaining of pins and needles over the lateral...

    Correct

    • A patient presents to ED complaining of pins and needles over the lateral three and a half digits. You suspect carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following clinical features would you most expect to see on examination:

      Your Answer: Inability to touch the pad of the little finger with the thumb

      Explanation:

      Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel will result in weakness and atrophy of the thenar muscles – resulting in weakness of opposition, abduction and flexion of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint and anaesthesia or paraesthesia over the distribution of the palmar digital branch of the median nerve (skin over the palmar surface and fingertips of the lateral three and a half digits). The adductor pollicis muscle is innervated by the ulnar nerve, and abduction of the fingers is produced by the interossei, also innervated by the ulnar nerve. Flexion of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb is produced by the flexor pollicis longus, and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint of the index finger is produced by the flexor digitorum profundus. Median nerve injury at the wrist will not affect the long flexors of the forearm as these are innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve which arises in the proximal forearm.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      16.7
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - A 12-year old boy is taken to the emergency room after accidentally falling...

    Correct

    • A 12-year old boy is taken to the emergency room after accidentally falling off the monkey bars. Witnesses of the accident reported that, when the patient fell, he hit his right hand on a bar and a loud thump was heard. On examination, the hand is oedematous, tender and erythematous. On ultrasound, a rupture of the flexor carpi ulnaris is noted.

      Which of the following statements is true regarding the flexor carpi ulnaris?

      Your Answer: It acts to adduct the hand at the wrist joint

      Explanation:

      Flexor carpi ulnaris is a fusiform muscle located in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It belongs to the superficial flexors of the forearm, along with pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis. Flexor carpi ulnaris is the most medial of the superficial flexors.

      Innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle is from the brachial plexus via the ulnar nerve (C7-T1).

      Flexor carpi ulnaris receives its arterial blood supply via three different routes. Proximally, a branch of the posterior ulnar recurrent artery supplies the muscle as it passes between the humeral and ulnar heads. Branches of the ulnar artery supply the middle and distal parts of the muscle, with an accessory supply also present distally via the inferior ulnar collateral artery.

      Due to its position and direction in the forearm, flexor carpi ulnaris can move the hand sideways as well as flexing it. Contracting with flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris produces flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. However, when it contracts alongside the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle in the posterior compartment, their counteracting forces produce adduction of the hand at the wrist, otherwise known as ulnar deviation or ulnar flexion

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      77.4
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - A suicidal patient had lacerated his wrist, which resulted in an ulnar nerve...

    Correct

    • A suicidal patient had lacerated his wrist, which resulted in an ulnar nerve injury. Which of the following will confirm the presence of an ulnar nerve injury?

      Your Answer: Claw hand appearance

      Explanation:

      An ulnar injury may result in abnormal sensations in the little finger and ring finger, usually on the palm side, weakness, and loss of coordination of the fingers.

      A claw like deformity of the hand and wrist is present. Pain, numbness, decreased sensation, tingling, or burning sensation in the areas controlled by the nerve are also possible.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      56
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - A patient has suffered a nerve injury that has caused weakness of the...

    Correct

    • A patient has suffered a nerve injury that has caused weakness of the pectoralis minor muscle.
      Pectoralis minor receives its innervation from which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Medial pectoral nerve

      Explanation:

      Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle that is situated in the upper chest. It is thinner and smaller than pectoralis major. It is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve.
      The origin of pectoralis minor is the 3rdto the 5thribs, near the costal cartilages. It inserts into the medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.
      The main action of pectoralis minor is to draw the scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall. This serves to stabilise the scapula.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      11.1
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (7/10) 70%
Upper Limb (7/10) 70%
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