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  • Question 1 - Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in depression of the mandible:...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in depression of the mandible:

      Your Answer: Lateral pterygoid

      Correct Answer: Masseter

      Explanation:

      Depression of the mandible is generated by the digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid and lateral pterygoid muscles on both side, assisted by gravity. The lateral pterygoid muscles are also involved as this movement also involves protraction of the mandible. The masseter muscle is a powerful elevator of the mandible.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      70.5
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Regarding the hard palate, which of the following statements is CORRECT: ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the hard palate, which of the following statements is CORRECT:

      Your Answer: The posterior one-quarter of the hard palate is formed by the maxillae.

      Correct Answer: Lymphatic vessels from the palate usually drain into deep cervical lymph nodes.

      Explanation:

      Lymphatic vessels from the pharynx and palate drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      145
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - An elderly man presents with bilateral lower facial swelling around the mandible and...

    Incorrect

    • An elderly man presents with bilateral lower facial swelling around the mandible and upper neck. A CT scan of his neck was performed and the results were conclusive with Ludwig's angina.

      Which of the following spaces is most likely affected based on the case presented?

      Your Answer: Submental space

      Correct Answer: Submandibular space

      Explanation:

      Ludwig’s angina is life-threatening cellulitis of the soft tissue involving the floor of the mouth and neck. It involves three compartments of the floor of the mouth: the sublingual, submental, and submandibular.

      Ludwig’s angina usually originates as a dental infection of the second or third mandibular molars. The infection begins in the subgingival pocket and spreads to the musculature of the floor of the mouth. It progresses below the mylohyoid line, indicating that it has moved to the sublingual space. As the roots of the second and third mandibular molars lie below this line, infection of these teeth will predispose to Ludwig’s angina. The infection spreads lingually rather than buccally because the lingual aspect of the tooth socket is thinner. It initially spreads to the sublingual space and progresses to the submandibular space.

      The disease is usually polymicrobial, involving oral flora, both aerobes, and anaerobes. The most common organisms are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Actinomyces.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      188.7
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - An 11-year-old boy was brought to the emergency room due to fever and...

    Incorrect

    • An 11-year-old boy was brought to the emergency room due to fever and pain in the ears. Upon physical examination, it was observed that the mastoid area is erythematous and there is a presence of a boggy, tender mass. A diagnosis of acute mastoiditis was made.

      Which of the following parts of the temporal bone is most likely involved?

      Your Answer: Tympanic part

      Correct Answer: Petrous part

      Explanation:

      Mastoiditis is the inflammation of a portion of the temporal bone referred to as the mastoid air cells. The mastoid air cells are epithelium lined bone septations that are continuous with the middle ear cavity.

      The temporal bone is composed of four parts: the mastoid process, the petrous pyramid, the squamous, and tympanic portions. The mastoid process and the petrous pyramid are the portions of particular interest because of the prevalence of suppurations within these parts of the temporal bone.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      55.9
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - A patient suffers a stab wound to the neck. The entry point of...

    Correct

    • A patient suffers a stab wound to the neck. The entry point of the blade is situated within the anterior triangle of the neck.
      Which of the following muscles is most likely to be involved? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Sternohyoid

      Explanation:

      The anterior triangle is the triangular area of the neck found anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It is formed by the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid laterally, the median line of the neck medially and by the inferior border of the mandible superiorly. The apex of the anterior triangle extends towards the manubrium sterni. The anterior triangle contains:
      Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid muscles
      Organs: thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus, submandibular gland, caudal part of the parotid gland
      Arteries: superior and inferior thyroid, common carotid, external carotid, internal carotid artery (and sinus), facial, submental, lingual arteries
      Veins: anterior jugular veins, internal jugular, common facial, lingual, superior thyroid, middle thyroid veins, facial vein, submental vein, lingual veins
      Nerves: vagus nerve (CN X), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), part of sympathetic trunk, mylohyoid nerve

      The posterior triangle is a triangular area found posteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It has three borders; anterior, posterior and inferior borders. The anterior border is the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The posterior border is the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle, while the inferior border is the middle one-third of the clavicle. The investing layer of deep cervical fascia and integument forms the roof of the space, while the floor is covered with the prevertebral fascia along with levator scapulae, splenius capitis and the scalene muscles. The inferior belly of omohyoid subdivides the posterior triangle into a small supraclavicular, and a large occipital, triangle.
      Contents:
      Vessels: the third part of the subclavian artery, suprascapular and transverse cervical branches of the thyrocervical trunk, external jugular vein, lymph nodes
      Nerves: accessory nerve (CN XI), the trunks of the brachial plexus, fibers of the cervical plexus

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      10.8
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - The sensory innervation of the oropharynx is provided by which of the following...

    Correct

    • The sensory innervation of the oropharynx is provided by which of the following nerves:

      Your Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve

      Explanation:

      Each subdivision of the pharynx has a different sensory innervation:the nasopharynx is innervated by the maxillary nervethe oropharynx is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nervethe laryngopharynx is innervated by the vagus nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      62.6
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Depression of the eyeball is primarily produced by which of the following muscles: ...

    Incorrect

    • Depression of the eyeball is primarily produced by which of the following muscles:

      Your Answer: Inferior rectus and inferior oblique

      Correct Answer: Inferior rectus and superior oblique

      Explanation:

      Depression of the eyeball is produced by the inferior rectus and the superior oblique muscles.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      21.3
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - A suspicious growth on the posterior tongue of a 40-year-old man was discovered...

    Incorrect

    • A suspicious growth on the posterior tongue of a 40-year-old man was discovered by his dentist and was immediately referred for possible oral cancer.

      The lymph from the posterior tongue will drain to which of the following nodes?

      Your Answer: Submandibular nodes

      Correct Answer: Deep cervical nodes

      Explanation:

      Lymph from the medial anterior two thirds of the tongue travels to the deep cervical lymph nodes.
      Lymph from the lateral anterior tongue goes to the submandibular nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      89.3
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - A 60-year-old man with trauma to his cervical spine suffers from damage to...

    Correct

    • A 60-year-old man with trauma to his cervical spine suffers from damage to the ansa cervicalis, resulting to paresis of his infrahyoid muscles.

      All of the following are considered infrahyoid muscles, except:

      Your Answer: Mylohyoid

      Explanation:

      Infrahyoid muscles are also known as “strap muscles” which connect the hyoid, sternum, clavicle and scapula. They are located below the hyoid bone on the anterolateral surface of the thyroid gland and are involved in movements of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage during vocalization, swallowing and mastication. They are composed of four paired muscles, organized into two layers.

      Superficial layer consists of the sternohyoid and omohyoid
      Deep layer consists of the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      76.3
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which cervical interspace is most likely injured if a patient presents with difficulty...

    Correct

    • Which cervical interspace is most likely injured if a patient presents with difficulty of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, pain in the right shoulder and lateral arm, and decreased sensation over the deltoid and lateral arm?

      Your Answer: C4-C5

      Explanation:

      In the setting of cervical radiculopathy, because the nerve root of a spinal nerve is compressed or otherwise impaired, the pain and symptomatology can spread far from the neck and radiates to arm, neck, chest, upper back and/or shoulders. Often muscle weakness and impaired deep tendon reflexes are noted along the course of the spinal nerve.

      Cervical radiculopathy is almost always unilateral, although, in rare cases, both nerves at a given level may be impacted. Those rare presentations can confound physical diagnosis and require acceleration to advanced imaging especially in cases of trauma. If there is nerve impingement, the affected side will be reduced relative to the unaffected side. Reduction in strength of muscles innervated by the affected nerve is also significant physical finding.

      For a C4-C5 injury, the following symptoms may present:

      Weakness in the deltoid muscle (front and side of the shoulder) and upper arm
      Shoulder pain
      Numbness along the outside of the upper arm

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      11.2
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (4/10) 40%
Head And Neck (4/10) 40%
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