-
Question 1
Incorrect
-
The onset of puberty is triggered by
Your Answer: Increased conversion of androstenedione to estrone by aromatase (females)
Correct Answer: Increase in pulsatile GNRH secretion from hypothalamus
Explanation:The onset of puberty is associated with high GNRH pulsing, which precedes the rise in sex hormones. Brain tumours which increase GNRH output may also lead to premature puberty. The cause of the GNRH rise is unknown.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 2
Incorrect
-
Which of the following derivatives of proopiomelanocortin is an opioid peptide?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: ß-endorphin
Explanation:ß-endorphin is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide which is mainly synthesized and stored in the anterior pituitary gland, derived from the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Some studies have shown that immune system cells are also capable of synthesizing ß-endorphin. β-endorphin is thought to exert a tonic inhibitory influence upon GNRH secretion and to be an important regulator of reproductive function.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 3
Incorrect
-
Which cell secretes parathyroid hormone?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Chief cells
Explanation:Parathyroid chief cells, also known as parathyroid principal cells or parathyroid cells, are the most prevalent type of cell in the parathyroid gland and the only ones present at birth. They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH).
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 4
Incorrect
-
Compact/cortical bone makes up
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: The outer layer of most bones and accounts for 80% of bone in the body
Explanation:Cortical, lamellar, or compact bone, is more dense than spongy bone and it forms the rigid, outer layer of bones, also called cortex. It consists of packed osteons, with a central osteonic canal surrounded by concentric rings. Spaces called lacunae are filled with osteocytes, and channels called canaliculi go from the lacunae to the osteonic canal. The strength of cortical bone allows it to support the body and protect organs. It also stores different elements, such as calcium.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 5
Incorrect
-
Which hormone secreting cell of the human anterior pituitary gland secretes growth hormone?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Somatotroph
Explanation:Somatotroph cells are responsible for the production of growth hormone. Somatotrophs occupy nearly 40% of the total surface area of the anterior pituitary, and they are acidophilic in nature.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 6
Incorrect
-
Which of the following is correctly paired?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: F cells : pancreatic polypeptide
Explanation:Pancreatic polypeptide is secreted by F-cells, which represent the smallest proportion of islet cells in the pancreas. These cells establish the embryological origin of the pancreas. Pancreatic polypeptide regulates endocrine and exocrine activities by the pancreas.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 7
Incorrect
-
Where is thyroglobulin produced?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Thyrocytes
Explanation:Thyroglobulin, or Tg, is a protein that functions as the precursor to thyroid hormones. It is synthesized by thyrocytes and then secreted into the colloid. It also functions as a negative-feedback regulator of thyroid hormone biosynthesis.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 8
Incorrect
-
What is the effect of vasopressin on the kidney?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Increase collecting duct permeability to water
Explanation:Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH, which increases water reabsorption in the kidney’s collecting ducts. It works by increasing water permeability in the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules. It induces the exocytosis of AQP-CD-laden vesicles, transferring water channels from intracellular vesicles to the apical plasma membrane, therefore allowing more water to be reabsorbed from the urine in the collecting ducts to the blood.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 9
Incorrect
-
Which one of the following is not part of the WHO diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: High LDL
Explanation:The World Health Organization 1999 criteria require the presence of any one of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose or insulin resistance, AND two of the following:
- Blood pressure: ≥ 140/90 mmHg
- Dyslipidaemia: triglycerides (TG): ≥ 1.695 mmol/L and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ≤ 0.9 mmol/L (male), ≤ 1.0 mmol/L (female)
- Central obesity: waist: hip ratio > 0.90 (male); > 0.85 (female), or body mass index > 30 kg/m2
- Microalbuminuria: urinary albumin excretion ratio ≥ 20 µg/min or albumin: creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
-
Question 10
Incorrect
-
Physiological effects of T3 on the heart include all the following except:
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Increased expression of β-myosin heavy chain gene
Explanation:Tri-iodothyronine, also known as T3, is a hormone which can affect almost every system in the human body. In the heart, it increases the number of β1-adrenergic receptors, enhances the response to circulating catecholamines, increases the proportion of α-myosin heavy chains in the atria, and increases the expression of serca pump gene.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Medicine
-
SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
