00
Correct
00
Incorrect
00 : 00 : 00
Session Time
00 : 00
Average Question Time ( Mins)
Retry this test Dashboard

  • Question 1 - The sensation produced by touching the arm with a vibrating tuning fork during...

    Incorrect

    • The sensation produced by touching the arm with a vibrating tuning fork during a neurological examination is mediated by which of the following spinal tracts:

      Your Answer: Anterior spinothalamic tract

      Correct Answer: Posterior column

      Explanation:

      Fine-touch, proprioception and vibration sensation are mediated by the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      437.8
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A 16-year old boy is brought to the emergency room after suffering a...

    Correct

    • A 16-year old boy is brought to the emergency room after suffering a traffic accident. Upon examination, there is noted ipsilateral loss of proprioception and vibration, ipsilateral motor loss, and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation. A spinal cord injury is given as a diagnosis.

      Which of the following is the most probable cause of this manifestation?

      Your Answer: Brown-Séquard syndrome

      Explanation:

      Brown-Sequard Hemicord Syndrome consists of ipsilateral weakness (corticospinal tract) and loss of joint position and vibratory sense (posterior column), with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sense (spinothalamic tract) one or two levels below the lesion. Segmental signs, such as radicular pain, muscle atrophy, or loss of a deep tendon reflex, are unilateral. Partial forms are more common than the fully developed syndrome.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      21.9
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - A 65-year-old man complains of severe vertigo, nausea, and tinnitus. Upon presenting himself...

    Incorrect

    • A 65-year-old man complains of severe vertigo, nausea, and tinnitus. Upon presenting himself to the emergency room, it was observed that he is exhibiting ataxia, right-sided loss of pain and temperature sense on the face, and left-sided sensory loss to the body. An MRI and CT scan was ordered and the results showed that he is suffering from a right-sided stroke.

      Branches of which of the following arteries are most likely implicated in the case?

      Your Answer: Vertebral artery

      Correct Answer: Basilar artery

      Explanation:

      The lateral pontine syndrome occurs due to occlusion of perforating branches of the basilar and anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA) arteries. It is also known as Marie-Foix syndrome or Marie-Foix-Alajouanine syndrome. It is considered one of the brainstem stroke syndromes of the lateral aspect of the pons.

      It is characterized by ipsilateral limb ataxia, loss of pain and temperature sensation of the face, facial weakness, hearing loss, vertigo and nystagmus, hemiplegia/hemiparesis, and loss of pain and temperature sensation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      45
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which of the following is most likely to cause a homonymous hemianopia: ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is most likely to cause a homonymous hemianopia:

      Your Answer: Optic neuritis

      Correct Answer: Posterior cerebral artery stroke

      Explanation:

      A posterior cerebral stroke will most likely result in a contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      26.2
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which of the following clinical features is most suggestive of a lesion of...

    Correct

    • Which of the following clinical features is most suggestive of a lesion of the occipital lobe:

      Your Answer: Homonymous hemianopia

      Explanation:

      Homonymous hemianopia is a visual field defect involving either the two right or the two left halves of the visual fields of both eyes. It is caused by lesions of the retrochiasmal visual pathways, ie, lesions of the optic tract, the lateral geniculate nucleus, the optic radiations, and the cerebral visual (occipital) cortex

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      18.1
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - After what time period should intravenous phenytoin be used as second-line treatment of...

    Incorrect

    • After what time period should intravenous phenytoin be used as second-line treatment of status epilepticus?

      Your Answer: 30 minutes

      Correct Answer: 25 minutes

      Explanation:

      If seizures recur or fail to respond after initial treatment with benzodiazepines within 25 minutes of onset, phenytoin sodium, fosphenytoin sodium, or phenobarbital sodium should be used.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Central Nervous System
      • Pharmacology
      37.9
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - A 29-year-old man has been complaining about his recent headaches. Detailed history was...

    Correct

    • A 29-year-old man has been complaining about his recent headaches. Detailed history was taken and a neurological examination was performed.

      Which of the following cranial nerves is correctly paired with its lesion?

      Your Answer: The oculomotor nerve: the eye appears to look ‘down and out’

      Explanation:

      The following are the lesions of the cranial nerves:
      1. Olfactory nerve (I)
      Reduced taste and smell, but not to ammonia which stimulates the pain fibres carried in the trigeminal nerve

      2. Optic nerve (II)
      Manifested by visual field defects, pupillary abnormalities, optic neuritis, optic atrophy, papilledema

      3. Oculomotor nerve (III)
      A fixed, dilated pupil which doesn’t accommodate, ptosis, complete internal ophthalmoplegia (masked by ptosis), unopposed lateral rectus causes outward deviation of the eye. If the ocular sympathetic fibres are also affected behind the orbit, the pupil will be fixed but not dilated.

      4. Trochlear nerve (IV)
      Diplopia due to weakness of downward and inward eye movement. The most common cause of a pure vertical diplopia. The patient tends to compensate by tilting the head away from the affected side.

      5. Trigeminal nerve (V)
      Reduced sensation or dysesthesia over the affected area. Weakness of jaw clenching and side-to-side movement. If there is a lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion, the jaw deviates to the weak side when the mouth is opened. There may be fasciculation of temporalis and masseter.

      6. Abducens nerve (VI)
      Inability to look laterally. The eye is deviated medially because of unopposed action of the medial rectus muscle.

      7. Facial nerve (VII)
      Facial weakness. In an LMN lesion the forehead is paralysed – the final common pathway to the muscles is destroyed; whereas the upper facial muscles are partially spared in an upper motor neurone (UMN) lesion because of alternative pathways in the brainstem. There appear to be different pathways for voluntary and emotional movement. CVAs usually weaken voluntary movement, often sparing involuntary movements (e.g., spontaneous smiling). The much rarer selective loss of emotional movement is called mimic paralysis and is usually due to a frontal or thalamic lesion.

      8. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
      Unilateral sensorineural deafness, tinnitus. Slow-growing lesions seldom present with vestibular symptoms as compensation has time to occur.

      9. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
      Unilateral lesions do not cause any deficit because of bilateral corticobulbar connections. Bilateral lesions result in pseudobulbar palsy. These nerves are closely interlinked.

      10. Vagus nerve (X)
      Palatal weakness can cause ‘nasal speech’ and nasal regurgitation of food. The palate moves asymmetrically when the patient says ‘ahh’. Recurrent nerve palsy results in hoarseness, loss of volume and ‘bovine cough’.

      11. Accessory nerve (XI)
      Weakness and wasting of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

      12.Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
      An LMN lesion produces wasting of the ipsilateral side of the tongue, with fasciculation; and on attempted protrusion the tongue deviates towards the affected side, but the tongue deviates away from the side of a central lesion.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      62.2
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following is NOT a typical side effect of opioid analgesics:...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is NOT a typical side effect of opioid analgesics:

      Your Answer: Diarrhoea

      Explanation:

      All opioids have the potential to cause:
      Gastrointestinal effects – Nausea, vomiting, constipation, difficulty with micturition (urinary retention), biliary spasm
      Central nervous system effects – Sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression, miosis
      Cardiovascular effects – Peripheral vasodilation, postural hypotension
      Dependence and tolerance

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Central Nervous System
      • Pharmacology
      26.8
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - The least likely feature expected to be seen in a lesion of the...

    Correct

    • The least likely feature expected to be seen in a lesion of the frontal lobe is which of the following?

      Your Answer: Loss of two-point discrimination

      Explanation:

      Lesions in different areas give rise to different symptoms.
      Lesions of the parietal lobe give rise to loss of two-point discrimination.
      Lesions to Broca’s area give rise to expressive dysphasia results from damage
      Lesions to the primary motor cortex give rise to contralateral weakness of the face and arm.
      Lesions to the prefrontal cortex give rise to personality change.
      Lesions to the frontal eye field give rise to conjugate eye deviation towards side of lesion.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      53.7
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - A patient complains of headache and visual loss. CT scan demonstrates a lesion...

    Incorrect

    • A patient complains of headache and visual loss. CT scan demonstrates a lesion of the temporal lobe. What type of visual field defect would you most expect to see in this patient:

      Your Answer: Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

      Correct Answer: Contralateral homonymous superior quadrantanopia

      Explanation:

      Axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) carry visual information, via the upper and lower optic radiations, to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe:
      The upper optic radiation carries fibres from the superior retinal quadrants (corresponding to the inferior visual field quadrants) and travels through the parietal lobe to reach the visual cortex.
      The lower optic radiation carries fibres from the inferior retinal quadrants (corresponding to the superior visual field quadrants) and travels through the temporal lobe to reach the visual cortex of the occipital lobe.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      21.6
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (4/8) 50%
Central Nervous System (5/10) 50%
Pharmacology (1/2) 50%
Passmed
Retry this test Dashboard