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Question 1
Incorrect
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Question 2
Incorrect
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Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Pudendal Nerve
Explanation:The pudendal nerve arises from the S2-S4 nerve roots and it lies medial to the internal pudendal artery while exiting the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen. It curves around the sacrospinous ligament and re-enters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen and from there it runs medial to the ischial tuberosity over the obturator internus in the pudendal canal to the deep perineal pouch.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Presence of which one of the following features at term makes spontaneous delivery incompatible?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Mentum posterior
Explanation:When face presentation is diagnosed, around 60% of cases are in the mentum anterior position, 25% are mentum posterior and 15% are mentum transverse; most malpositions rotate spontaneously into mentum anterior. A vaginal birth at term is possible only if the foetus is in the mentum anterior position.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Incorrect
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The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which of the following structures?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Inguinal ligament
Explanation:The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament which forms the base of the triangle, medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus and laterally by the sartorius muscle.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 5
Incorrect
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You are asked to assess a patients perineal tear following labour by vaginal delivery. You note a laceration that extends approximately a quarter of the thickness through the external anal sphincter. How would you classify this tear?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: 3a
Explanation:1. First-degree trauma corresponds to lacerations of the skin/vaginal epithelium alone.
2. Second-degree tears involve perineal muscles and therefore include episiotomies.
3. Third-degree extensions involve any part of the anal sphincter complex (external and internal sphincters):
i Less than 50 per cent of the external anal
sphincter is torn.
ii More than 50 per cent of the external anal
sphincter is torn.
iii Tear involves the internal anal sphincter
(usually there is complete disruption of the
external sphincter).
4. Fourth-degree tears involve injury to the anal sphincter complex extending into the rectal mucosa. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 6
Incorrect
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Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Proximal portion of urethra
Explanation:The proximal portion of urethra in females or membranous urethra in males is in the deep perineal pouch
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Incorrect
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A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the left ovary drain into?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Left renal
Explanation:When it comes to questions on venous drainage the ovarian vein is likely to be a common question given its varied drainage depending on laterality. The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava whereas the left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Incorrect
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Uterine Cervix:
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Is the portion of the uterus below the isthmus
Explanation:The uterus is divisible into two portions. The portion above the isthmus is termed the body, and that below, the cervix. The uterine cervix is the narrow inferior segment of the uterus, which projects into the vaginal cavity. It is a fibromuscular organ lined by a mucous membrane and measures approximately 3cm in length and 2.5cm in diameter. The cervix is continuous at its superior margins with the body of the uterus and at its inferior margins with the vagina.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Incorrect
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Regarding the structure of the detrusor muscle. Which of the following is true?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: The detrusor is divided into 3 layers consisting of inner and outer layers of longitudinal smooth muscle with a middle circular smooth muscle layer
Explanation:The urinary bladder is composed of the transitional epithelium, followed by the lamina propria made up of the fibroelastic connective tissue. The muscularis layer covers the lamina propria which is made up of three poorly defined layers of smooth muscles; the inner longitudinal, middle circular and the outer longitudinal layer. The bladder is covered on the superior surface and the lateral surface by the peritoneum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 10
Incorrect
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Regarding the uterine artery which of the following statements are TRUE?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: It arises from the internal iliac artery
Explanation:The uterine artery arises from the internal iliac artery, in particular the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. Some older texts refer to the internal iliac as the hypogastric artery. The vaginal artery typically arises as its own branch of the internal iliac artery. The ovarian arteries are branches of the aorta
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 11
Incorrect
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Question 12
Incorrect
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Which of the following muscles does NOT receive innervation from the pudendal nerve?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Internal anal sphincter
Explanation:The internal anal sphincter is innervated by the splanchnic nerves. Sympathetic nerve supply from the inferior hypogastric plexus (for contraction) and parasympathetic supply from nervi erigentes (for relaxation).
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 13
Incorrect
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During the filling phase of micturition. At what bladder volume is the first urge to void felt?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: 150ml
Explanation:The normal functional bladder capacity is around 400-600ml. First urge to void is typically felt when the bladder is approximately 150ml full.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 14
Incorrect
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How many seminiferous tubules would you typically expect to find in a testicular lobule?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: 2
Explanation:There are between 250 and 400 lobules in each testis. The lobule is a structural unit of the testis with each lobule contained in one of the intervals between fibrous septa which extend between the mediastinum testis and the tunica albuginea. Each lobule contains 1 to 3 seminiferous tubules.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 15
Incorrect
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Which of the following muscles is NOT a constituent of the pelvic floor (diaphragm)?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Piriformis
Explanation:The pelvic floor or diaphragm is composed of Coccygeus and Levator Ani. Levitator Ani is composed of 3 muscles: puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeal. Although Piriformis assists in closing the posterior pelvic outlet it is not considered a component of the pelvic floor
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 16
Incorrect
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Question 17
Incorrect
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Which cell type of the testis secrete inhibin?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Sertoli cells
Explanation:Summary points of the two key testicular cell types:
1. Sertoli Cells = Secrete Inhibin. Forms blood-testis barrier. Have FSH receptors
2. Leydig Cells = Secrete testosterone. Have LH receptors -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 18
Incorrect
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The posterior scrotal artery is a branch of which artery?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Internal Pudendal
Explanation:The posterior scrotal artery is a terminal branch of the perineal artery which is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 19
Incorrect
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Regarding the female breast how many lobes does the typical breast contain?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: 15-20
Explanation:The basic components of the mammary gland are the alveoli. These are lined with milk-secreting cuboidal cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells. The alveoli join to form groups known as lobules. The lobules form lobes. Each lobe has a lactiferous duct that drains into openings in the nipple. Each breast typically contains 15-20 lobes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 20
Incorrect
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Regarding the urinary bladder, what type of epithelium lines it?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Transitional
Explanation:The urinary bladder, and most of the urinary structures are lined by epithelium called the urothelium, or the transitional epithelium. This stratified lining is divided into three parts, an apical layer, an intermediate layer and a basal layer. The transitional epithelium is available to stretch to accommodate the increased volume when the bladder is distended, without structural damage.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 21
Incorrect
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During vertex presentation, the position is determined by relationship of which part of the fetal vertex to the mother's pelvis?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Occiput
Explanation:A cephalic presentation is the one where head of the foetus enters the pelvic cavity at the time of delivery. The commonest form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation in which the occiput of the foetus enters the birth canal.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 22
Incorrect
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The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ilium
Explanation:Arcuate means ‘bow shaped’ and there are different arcuate lines in anatomical terms. Regarding the pelvic brim this is composed of the arcuate line of the ilium, pectineal line and prominences of sacrum and pubic symphysis (as demonstrated in the images below). As can be seen the arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium inferior to the iliac fossa and Iliacus. Image sourced from Wikipedia Note: The pelvic outlet is also called the inferior aperture. The pelvic brim is the superior aperture
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 23
Incorrect
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The inguinal canal is reinforced anterolaterally by which structure?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Internal oblique
Explanation:The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal ligament is part of the floor.
The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 24
Incorrect
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A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the left ovary drain into?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Left renal
Explanation:The right ovarian vein ascends and enters the inferior vena cava and the left ovarian vein drains into the longer left renal vein.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 25
Incorrect
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Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Para-aortic nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic vessels from the ovaries, joined by vessels from the uterine tubes and most from the fundus of the uterus, follow the ovarian veins as they ascend to the right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 26
Incorrect
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Regarding the pubic symphysis, what type of joint is it
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Secondary Cartilaginous
Explanation:The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint. The cartilaginous joints are divided further into primary and secondary joints. The primary joint is called the synchondrosis. It articulates with the pubis of the other side.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 27
Incorrect
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Which of the following terms best describes the pelvic type of small posterior sagittal diameter, convergent sidewalls, prominent ischial spines, and narrow pubic arch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Android
Explanation:There are four types pelvic shapes:
1) Android pelvis: it has a larger inlet and smaller outlet along with small posterior sagittal diameter, prominent ischial spines and has a two finger arch.
2) Gynecoid pelvis: it has a transverse or nearly a circular ellipse and it is the most favourable for delivery.
3) Anthropoid pelvis: the brim is an anteroposterior ellipse.
4) Platypelloid pelvis: in this type the pelvic brim is kidney shape -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 28
Incorrect
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Regarding lymph drainage of the lower vagina where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Inguinal nodes
Explanation:The lower vagina drains to the inguinal nodes where as the upper vagina drains to the internal and external iliacs
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 29
Incorrect
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Which structure reinforces the inguinal canal anterolaterally?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Internal oblique
Explanation:The anatomy of the inguinal canal is of surgical importance. In the male, the inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve and important blood vessels, while in females the inguinal canal holds the round ligament, ilioinguinal nerve and blood vessels. The floor of the inguinal canal is made of the inguinal ligament (a thickened portion of the inguinal ligament), while the posterior wall is made of the transversalis muscle. The anterior wall is made of the external oblique aponeurosis, and the roof is made up of fibres of the internal oblique, transversus abdominis and its aponeurosis, and the conjoint tendon. This means that the anterolateral support structure of the inguinal canal would be the fibres of the internal oblique.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 30
Incorrect
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Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Proximal portion of urethra
Explanation:The deep perineal pouch contains the external urethral sphincter, proximal urethra in females and membranous urethra in males, deep transverse perineal muscles and the glands of cowper.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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