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  • Question 1 - The process in which tissue thromboplastin activates factor VII is best known as:...

    Incorrect

    • The process in which tissue thromboplastin activates factor VII is best known as:

      Your Answer: The intrinsic pathway

      Correct Answer: The extrinsic pathway

      Explanation:

      In the tissue factor pathway (extrinsic), following damage to the blood vessel, FVII leaves the circulation and comes into contact with tissue factor (TF) expressed on tissue-factor-bearing cells (stromal fibroblasts and leukocytes), forming an activated complex (TF-FVIIa).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      16.7
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Transport of Iron into enterocytes occurs via which membrane transporter? ...

    Incorrect

    • Transport of Iron into enterocytes occurs via which membrane transporter?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Divalent metal transporter 1(dmt1)

      Explanation:

      To be absorbed, dietary iron can be absorbed as part of a protein such as haem protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe2+ form. A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes’ brush border, duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb), reduces ferric Fe3+ to Fe2+. A protein called divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which can transport several divalent metals across the plasma membrane, then transports iron across the enterocyte’s cell membrane into the cell.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Which one of the following is necessary to activate plasminogen to plasmin? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following is necessary to activate plasminogen to plasmin?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: tPA

      Explanation:

      In circulation, plasminogen adopts a closed, activation resistant conformation. Upon binding to clots, or to the cell surface, plasminogen adopts an open form that can be converted into active plasmin by a variety of enzymes, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), kallikrein, and factor XII (Hageman factor).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which vitamin is found in NAD and NADP? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which vitamin is found in NAD and NADP?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Vitamin B3

      Explanation:

      In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin (vitamin B3)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - All of the following are Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors except: ...

    Incorrect

    • All of the following are Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors except:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Factor XI

      Explanation:

      Activated Vitamin K is used to gamma carboxylate (and thus activate) certain enzymes involved in coagulation: Factors II, VII, IX, X, and protein C and protein S. Inability to activate the clotting cascade via these factors leads to the bleeding symptoms

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - What is the function of Activated protein C? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the function of Activated protein C?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Inactivates factor Va

      Explanation:

      Activated Protein C (APC) is a crucial protein in the regulation of blood coagulation. Its primary functions include:

      1. Inactivating Factor Va: APC inactivates Factor Va, which is a cofactor for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by Factor Xa. By inactivating Factor Va, APC reduces thrombin formation, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.
      2. Inactivating Factor VIIIa: APC also inactivates Factor VIIIa, another cofactor that assists Factor IXa in the conversion of Factor X to Factor Xa. This further contributes to its anticoagulant effect.

      These actions help to regulate blood clotting and prevent excessive thrombosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - The spleen underlies which ribs? ...

    Incorrect

    • The spleen underlies which ribs?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 9 through 11

      Explanation:

      The spleen lies between the 9th and 11th ribs on the left hand side.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - What is the average life span of red blood cells? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the average life span of red blood cells?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 4 months

      Explanation:

      Approximately 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per second in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days (4 months) in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - What is the main function of vitamin E? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the main function of vitamin E?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: It is an antioxidant

      Explanation:

      Vitamin E has many biological functions, the antioxidant function being the best known. Other functions include enzymatic activities, gene expression, and neurological function(s).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by which of the following? ...

    Incorrect

    • The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by which of the following?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Collagen fibers underlying the endothelium

      Explanation:

      The contact activation (intrinsic) pathway begins with formation of the primary complex on collagen by high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), prekallikrein, and FXII (Hageman factor).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Iron absorption occurs primarily in which part of the GIT? ...

    Incorrect

    • Iron absorption occurs primarily in which part of the GIT?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Duodenum

      Explanation:

      Like most mineral nutrients, the majority of the iron absorbed from digested food or supplements is absorbed in the duodenum by enterocytes of the duodenal lining.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Which of the following is a precursor to the tissue macrophage? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is a precursor to the tissue macrophage?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Monocyte

      Explanation:

      Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, or leukocyte. They are the largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - Which of the following is a granulocyte? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is a granulocyte?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Eosinophil

      Explanation:

      Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. There are three principal types of granulocytes, distinguished by their appearance under Wright’s stain:

      • Basophil granulocytes
      • Eosinophil granulocytes
      • Neutrophil granulocytes

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which of the following is matched correctly with regard to stem cells of...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is matched correctly with regard to stem cells of the bone marrow?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Hemopoietic stem cells - basophils

      Explanation:

      Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or hemocytoblasts are the stem cells that give rise to all the other blood cells through the process of haematopoiesis. They give rise to both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages of blood cells. (Myeloid cells include monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, dendritic cells, and megakaryocytes or platelets. Lymphoid cells include T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells.)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - The actions of thrombin result directly in the release of: ...

    Incorrect

    • The actions of thrombin result directly in the release of:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Fibrin monomers

      Explanation:

      Thrombin in turn acts as a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin, as well as catalysing many other coagulation-related reactions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - Synthesis of haem for haemoglobin occurs in the? ...

    Incorrect

    • Synthesis of haem for haemoglobin occurs in the?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Mitochondria of the red blood cells

      Explanation:

      Haemoglobin (Hb) is synthesized in a complex series of steps. The haem part is synthesized in a series of steps in the mitochondria and the cytosol of immature red blood cells, while the globin protein parts are synthesized by ribosomes in the cytosol.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - From which of the following can niacin be synthesized in humans ...

    Incorrect

    • From which of the following can niacin be synthesized in humans

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Tryptophan

      Explanation:

      Niacin, is also known as vitamin B3. The liver can synthesize niacin from the essential amino acid tryptophan, requiring 60 mg of tryptophan to make one mg of niacin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - In the normal adult, haematopoiesis is present ...

    Incorrect

    • In the normal adult, haematopoiesis is present

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Axial skeleton and proximal ends of long bones

      Explanation:

      In children, haematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the femur and tibia. In adults, it occurs mainly in the pelvis, cranium, vertebrae, and sternum.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - 90% of erythropoietin necessary for haemopoesis is produced by the kidneys, the remainder...

    Incorrect

    • 90% of erythropoietin necessary for haemopoesis is produced by the kidneys, the remainder is formed in the?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Liver

      Explanation:

      Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. While liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period, renal production is predominant during adulthood.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - Which statement is correct about the clinical state of methemoglobinemia? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which statement is correct about the clinical state of methemoglobinemia?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: May arise due to a hereditary deficiency of NADH.

      Explanation:

      Methaemoglobin is a form of haemoglobin that contains ferric [Fe3+] iron and has a decreased ability to bind oxygen. Spontaneously formed methaemoglobin is normally reduced by protective enzyme systems, e.g., NADH methaemoglobin reductase, hence a deficiency of NADH may result in increased levels of methaemoglobin

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

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