00
Correct
00
Incorrect
00 : 00 : 00
Session Time
00 : 00
Average Question Time ( Secs)
Retry this test Dashboard

  • Question 1 - In increasing order of concentration, the main anions in plasma are: ...

    Incorrect

    • In increasing order of concentration, the main anions in plasma are:

      Your Answer: Cl-, Phosphates-, HCO3-, Proteins-

      Correct Answer: Proteins-, HCO3-, Cl-,

      Explanation:

      Anions are negatively charged ions and include: chloride Cl-, bicarbonate HCO3-, sulphate SO4-2, phosphate HPO4-2, and protein anions. Chloride it the most abundant anion followed by bicarbonate and then protein anions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      111.3
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - The ENaC Transporter occurs in which part of the renal tubule? ...

    Correct

    • The ENaC Transporter occurs in which part of the renal tubule?

      Your Answer: Collecting duct

      Explanation:

      The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a membrane-bound ion channel that is selectively permeable to Na+ ions. It is involved primarily in the reabsorption of sodium ions at the collecting ducts of the kidney’s nephrons.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      20.7
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - An important enzyme in renal tissue responsible for the conversion of glutamine to...

    Incorrect

    • An important enzyme in renal tissue responsible for the conversion of glutamine to glutamate and the subsequent production of NH4 is called?

      Your Answer: Glutamine reductase

      Correct Answer: Glutaminase

      Explanation:

      Glutaminase catalyses the following reaction:Glutamine + H2O → Glutamate + NH3

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      56.3
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - What is the most important determinant of ECF volume? ...

    Correct

    • What is the most important determinant of ECF volume?

      Your Answer: The amount of sodium in the ECF

      Explanation:

      The volume of the ECF is determined primarily by the total amount of osmotically active solute in the ECF. The composition of the ECF is discussed in Chapter 1. Because Na+ and Cl− are by far the most abundant osmotically active solutes in ECF, and because changes in Cl− are to a great extent secondary to changes in Na+, the amount of Na+ in the ECF is the most important determinant of ECF volume.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      12.1
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which of the following is the correct way to calculate the anion gap?...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is the correct way to calculate the anion gap?

      Your Answer: (HCO3 + Cl) – (Na + K)

      Correct Answer: (Na + K) – (HCO3 + Cl)

      Explanation:

      The anion gap is the difference between the measured cations (positively charged ions) and the measured anions (negatively charged ions) in serum, plasma, or urine. The magnitude of this difference in the serum is often calculated in medicine when attempting to identify the cause of metabolic acidosis. Anion Gap = ([Na+] + [K+]) − ([Cl−] + [HCO−3])

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      29.9
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Glucose is typically removed from the urine by…? ...

    Incorrect

    • Glucose is typically removed from the urine by…?

      Your Answer: Primary active transport

      Correct Answer: Secondary active transport

      Explanation:

      Glucose, amino acids, inorganic phosphate, and some other solutes are resorbed via secondary active transport through co-transporters driven by the sodium gradient out of the nephron.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      16.6
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Where are the principal cells found in the kidney? ...

    Correct

    • Where are the principal cells found in the kidney?

      Your Answer: Collecting ducts

      Explanation:

      A kidney collecting duct cell can be of two different cell types:Principal cellsIntercalated cells

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      19.2
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - An effect of aging on the kidney includes? ...

    Correct

    • An effect of aging on the kidney includes?

      Your Answer: Decreased GFR

      Explanation:

      The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area, is 100 to 130 mL/min/1.73m2 in men and 90 to 120 ml/min/1.73m2 in women younger than the age of 40. After age 40, GFR decreases progressively with age, by about 0.4 mL/min to 1.2 mL/min per year.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      10.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - ANP and BNP in the circulation act on the kidney to? ...

    Incorrect

    • ANP and BNP in the circulation act on the kidney to?

      Your Answer: Does not act on the kidney at all

      Correct Answer: Increase sodium excretion

      Explanation:

      The physiologic actions of BNP are similar to those of ANP and include decrease in systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure as well as an increase in natriuresis (sodium excretion). The net effect of these peptides is a decrease in blood pressure due to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance and, thus, afterload.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      14
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The position of the kidneys besides the vertebral column retroperitoneally spans levels: ...

    Incorrect

    • The position of the kidneys besides the vertebral column retroperitoneally spans levels:

      Your Answer: T12 – L2

      Correct Answer: T12 – L3

      Explanation:

      The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by the position of the liver, typically results in the right kidney being slightly lower and smaller than the left, and being placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney. The left kidney is approximately at the vertebral level T12 to L3, and the right is slightly lower.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Renal
      23.1
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Medicine (4/10) 40%
Renal (4/10) 40%
Passmed
Retry this test Dashboard