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Question 1
Incorrect
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Which one of the following statements regarding the fetal head is true?
Your Answer: Will show Spalding's sign within 12 hours of Intrauterine death
Correct Answer: Considered to be engaged when the biparietal diameter passes the level of the pelvic inlet
Explanation:The fetal head is engaged when the head of the foetus or the presenting part enters the pelvic inlet or pelvic brim. It usually occurs at 38 weeks of gestation.
The Spalding sign refers to the overlapping of the fetal skull bones caused by collapse of the fetal brain. It appears usually a week or more after fetal death in utero.
In brow presentation the scalp is deflexed as the foetus is looking upward. Normally the head is inflexed such that the chin is touching the chest. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 2
Correct
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A patient is about to undergo a pudendal nerve block after vaginal delivery to repair an episiotomy. Which spinal segments form the pudendal nerve?
Your Answer: S2, S3 and S4
Explanation:The pudendal nerve provides sensory innervation to regions of the anus, the perineum, the labia and the clitoris in women. The nerve is formed from the ventral rami of the S2-S4 sacral spinal nerves. The nerve is paired, each innervating the left and the right side of the body. Pudendal nerve blocks are indicated for analgesia of the second stage of labour, repair of an episiotomy or perineal laceration, and for minor surgeries of the lower vagina and perineum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 3
Incorrect
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How many seminiferous tubules would you typically expect to find in a testicular lobule?
Your Answer: 20
Correct Answer: 2
Explanation:There are between 250 and 400 lobules in each testis. The lobule is a structural unit of the testis with each lobule contained in one of the intervals between fibrous septa which extend between the mediastinum testis and the tunica albuginea. Each lobule contains 1 to 3 seminiferous tubules.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Correct
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Regarding lymph drainage of the lower vagina where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Inguinal nodes
Explanation:The lower vagina drains to the inguinal nodes where as the upper vagina drains to the internal and external iliacs
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 5
Correct
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Question 6
Incorrect
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A patient attends clinic with a vaginal prolapse. On examination the vaginal prolapse is visible 1.5cm above the plane of the hymen. According to the POPQ classification what grade is this prolapse?
Your Answer: Grade 2
Correct Answer: Grade 1
Explanation:This is a grade 1 prolapse
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to be contracted?
Your Answer: Pelvic shape is platypelloid
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Contracted pelvis occurs when one or more of its diameters is reduced so that it interferes with the normal mechanism of labour. A transverse diameter below 11 cm will result in difficult delivery of the foetus and C-section will be the better option in that case
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Incorrect
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You are asked to assess a patients perineal tear following labour by vaginal delivery. You note a laceration that extends through the vaginal mucosa into the perineal muscle and fascia. The external anal sphincter appears to be in tact. How would you classify this tear?
Your Answer: 3rd type B
Correct Answer: 2nd
Explanation:If the external anal sphincter is in tact then this is a 1st or 2nd degree tear. As the perineal muscles are involved this is 2nd degree tear.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Correct
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Question 10
Correct
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spine is the anatomical landmark for assessing the station of the fetal head and also placing pudendal nerve blocks. (the pudendal nerve runs posterior to the ischial spine). The ischial spine can be palpated approximately 8cm into the vagina, at 4 and 8 o’clock.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 11
Incorrect
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Pubic symphysis
Correct Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spines and palpable through the vagina and are used as landmarks to assess the decent of the fetal head from the cervix. It also serves as a landmark for giving the pudendal block.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 12
Correct
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Pelvic ligaments can change at term resulting in?
Your Answer: Enlargement of the pelvic cavity
Explanation:The pelvis is supported by a variety of ligaments. At term, these ligaments allow for variation in its structure such that the overall size of the pelvic cavity is increased in order to accommodate the upcoming foetus into the cavity.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 13
Correct
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Which of the following takes part in the arterial supply of the ovary?
Your Answer: Uterine arteries
Explanation:The ovarian arteries, arising from the abdominal aorta and the ascending uterine arteries which are branches of the internal iliac artery all supply the ovaries. They terminate by bifurcating into the ovarian and tubal branches and anastomose with the contralateral branches providing a collateral circulation.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 14
Incorrect
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Which one of the following measurements is usually taken during clinical exam of the pelvis?
Your Answer: Bi-ischial diameter
Correct Answer: Shape of the pubic arch
Explanation:During pelvimetry, the shape of the pubic arch is usually examined. It helps in determining the outcome of the type of fetal delivery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 15
Correct
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The uterine vein drains where?
Your Answer: Internal iliac vein
Explanation:The venous drainage of the uterus is via the uterine veins which form a plexus passing below the artery within the base of the broad ligament communicating with the rectal and the vesical venous plexus before draining into the internal iliac veins.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 16
Incorrect
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Which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter?
Your Answer: Pudendal
Correct Answer: Pelvic Splanchnic
Explanation:The anal sphincters are responsible for closing the anal canal to the passage of faeces and flatus. The smooth muscle or involuntary internal sphincter sustains contraction to prevent the leakage of faeces between bowel movements and is innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which are a branch of the spinal segment 4. The external sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle and can therefore contract and relax voluntarily. Its innervation comes from the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve, and the perineal branch of S4 nerve roots.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 17
Incorrect
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Regarding lymph drainage of the ovary where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: internal iliac lymph nodes
Correct Answer: para-aortic nodes
Explanation:Majority of the lymph from the ovaries drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 18
Incorrect
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The vulva is mainly supplied by which one of the following vessels?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal artery
Correct Answer: Pudendal artery
Explanation:Vulva is defined by the area which is located outside the female vagina and comprises of the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, mons pubis and Bartholin glands. It is supplied by the vestibula branch of pudental artery.
Inferior hemorrhoidal artery supplies the lower part of the rectum.
Femoral artery is the continuation of external iliac artery and supplies most of the leg. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 19
Incorrect
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The normal lining of the fallopian tube is:
Your Answer: Cuboidal epithelium
Correct Answer: Columnar epithelium with cilia
Explanation:The Fallopian tubes, also known as, uterine tubes, and salpinges, are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated columnar epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 20
Correct
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Regarding the pubic symphysis, what type of joint is it
Your Answer: Secondary Cartilaginous
Explanation:The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint. The cartilaginous joints are divided further into primary and secondary joints. The primary joint is called the synchondrosis. It articulates with the pubis of the other side.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 21
Correct
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During vertex presentation, the position is determined by relationship of which part of the fetal vertex to the mother's pelvis?
Your Answer: Occiput
Explanation:A cephalic presentation is the one where head of the foetus enters the pelvic cavity at the time of delivery. The commonest form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation in which the occiput of the foetus enters the birth canal.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 22
Incorrect
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Which spinal segment is the lumbar plexus derived from?
Your Answer: L1-L3
Correct Answer: T12-L4
Explanation:The lumbar plexus is formed via contributions from the T12-L4 spinal cord segment. The plexus is responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of portions of the lower extremities and some parts of the lower abdomen and pelvis. Nerves arising from the plexus include the Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral nerve, obturator, and nerve to the lumbosacral trunk.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 23
Incorrect
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The posterior scrotal artery is a branch of which artery?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal
Correct Answer: Internal Pudendal
Explanation:The posterior scrotal artery is a terminal branch of the perineal artery which is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 24
Incorrect
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Regarding the urinary bladder, what type of epithelium lines it?
Your Answer: Simple squamous
Correct Answer: Transitional
Explanation:The urinary bladder, and most of the urinary structures are lined by epithelium called the urothelium, or the transitional epithelium. This stratified lining is divided into three parts, an apical layer, an intermediate layer and a basal layer. The transitional epithelium is available to stretch to accommodate the increased volume when the bladder is distended, without structural damage.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 25
Correct
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Question 26
Incorrect
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Sertoli cells contain receptors to which hormone?
Your Answer: Oestradiol
Correct Answer: FSH
Explanation:Sertoli cells contain receptors for FSH. In response to this Sertoli cells synthesize inhibin, androgen binding proteins and anti Mullerian hormone all which are connected to the reproduction cycle.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 27
Incorrect
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All of the following are features of the female bony pelvis, except?
Your Answer: Has a transverse diameter of the inlet greater than the antero-posterior diameter
Correct Answer: It is funnel shaped
Explanation:The female bony pelvis is larger, broader and more of a funnel shape. The inlet is larger and oval in shape and the sides of the female pelvis are wider apart.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 28
Incorrect
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Which cell type of the testis secrete inhibin?
Your Answer: Epithelial cells
Correct Answer: Sertoli cells
Explanation:Summary points of the two key testicular cell types:
1. Sertoli Cells = Secrete Inhibin. Forms blood-testis barrier. Have FSH receptors
2. Leydig Cells = Secrete testosterone. Have LH receptors -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 29
Incorrect
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If the presenting part of the foetus is the large fontanel, this presentation is known as?
Your Answer: Vertex
Correct Answer: Sinciput
Explanation:Sinciput means the head is neither flexed nor extended. It is the area between forehead and crown and in this case the anterior fontanel is the presenting part.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 30
Incorrect
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Regarding the structure of the detrusor muscle. Which of the following is true?
Your Answer: The detrusor is divided into 2 layers consisting of an inner longitudinal smooth muscle layer and outer circular smooth muscle layer
Correct Answer: The detrusor is divided into 3 layers consisting of inner and outer layers of longitudinal smooth muscle with a middle circular smooth muscle layer
Explanation:The urinary bladder is composed of the transitional epithelium, followed by the lamina propria made up of the fibroelastic connective tissue. The muscularis layer covers the lamina propria which is made up of three poorly defined layers of smooth muscles; the inner longitudinal, middle circular and the outer longitudinal layer. The bladder is covered on the superior surface and the lateral surface by the peritoneum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 31
Correct
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The main function of the cilia of the fallopian tube is?
Your Answer: Transport the ovum towards the uterus
Explanation:Cilia are small hair line projections in the fallopian tube. Their main function is to transport the egg through he fallopian tube towards the uterus. It is present in many other tubular organs and its function varies accordingly to the organ.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 32
Incorrect
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Which two nerves provide the primary cutaneous sensory innervation to the labia majora?
Your Answer: Pudendal and perineal
Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal and pudendal
Explanation:The Pudendal provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior external genitalia via one of its terminal branches called the perineal nerve (this further branches into the posterior labial nerves or posterior scrotal nerve in men). The ilioinguinal nerve provides anterior sensation via the anterior labial nerves (anterior scrotal nerve in men). The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve contributes some fibres to the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora in females. The posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh sometimes overlaps sensory areas.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 33
Incorrect
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During the filling phase of micturition. At what bladder volume is the first urge to void felt?
Your Answer: 300ml
Correct Answer: 150ml
Explanation:The normal functional bladder capacity is around 400-600ml. First urge to void is typically felt when the bladder is approximately 150ml full.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 34
Incorrect
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The lower part of the rectum is supplied by the middle rectal artery. What is the middle rectal artery a branch of?
Your Answer: Internal pudendal artery
Correct Answer: Internal iliac artery
Explanation:The middle rectal artery arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 35
Correct
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Question 36
Incorrect
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You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to the proximal medial thigh following abdominal hysterectomy. You suspect genitofemoral nerve injury. What spinal segment(s) is the genitofemoral nerve derived from?
Your Answer: L2-L4
Correct Answer: L1,L2
Explanation:The genitofemoral nerves takes its origin from the L1 and L2 spinal segments.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 37
Incorrect
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The round ligament develops from which structure?
Your Answer: Median umbilical ligament
Correct Answer: Gubernaculum
Explanation:The round ligament is a remnant of the gubernaculum in females. In males it persists as the scrotal ligament.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 38
Incorrect
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The femoral triangle contains all of the following structures EXCEPT which one?
Your Answer: Saphenofemoral Junction
Correct Answer: Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Explanation:The contents of the femoral triangles are femoral nerve, artery and the vein. Along with the femoral sheath and lymphatics.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 39
Incorrect
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Which of the following statements regarding the vaginal artery is typically TRUE?
Your Answer: It arises from the External iliac artery
Correct Answer: It arises from the Internal iliac artery
Explanation:The vaginal artery is the homolog to the inferior vesical artery in males. In most of the cases it arises from the internal iliac artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 40
Incorrect
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The rectus sheath is formed by which of the following?
Your Answer: Internal oblique and rectus abdominus aponeuroses
Correct Answer: aponeuroses of transversus abdominis, external and internal oblique
Explanation:The rectus sheath is formed by the decussation and interweaving of the aponeuroses of the fl at abdominal muscles. The external oblique aponeurosis contributes to the anterior wall of the sheath throughout its length. The superior two thirds of the internal oblique aponeurosis splits into two layers (laminae) at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis; one lamina passing anterior to the muscle and the other passing posterior to it. The anterior lamina joins the aponeurosis of the external oblique to form the anterior layer of the rectus sheath. The posterior lamina joins the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis to form the posterior layer of the rectus sheath.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
