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Question 1
Correct
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Transport of Iron into enterocytes occurs via which membrane transporter?
Your Answer: Divalent metal transporter 1(dmt1)
Explanation:To be absorbed, dietary iron can be absorbed as part of a protein such as haem protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe2+ form. A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes’ brush border, duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb), reduces ferric Fe3+ to Fe2+. A protein called divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which can transport several divalent metals across the plasma membrane, then transports iron across the enterocyte’s cell membrane into the cell.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 2
Correct
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Where is the most erythropoietin produced?
Your Answer: Kidneys
Explanation:Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. While liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period, renal production is predominant during adulthood.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 3
Correct
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Which of the following is a granulocyte?
Your Answer: Eosinophil
Explanation:Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. There are three principal types of granulocytes, distinguished by their appearance under Wright’s stain:
- Basophil granulocytes
- Eosinophil granulocytes
- Neutrophil granulocytes
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 4
Correct
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Where is intrinsic factor secreted?
Your Answer: Gastric parietal cells
Explanation:Intrinsic factor (IF), also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) later on in the small intestine.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 5
Incorrect
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The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by which of the following?
Your Answer: Release of tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor)
Correct Answer: Collagen fibers underlying the endothelium
Explanation:The contact activation (intrinsic) pathway begins with formation of the primary complex on collagen by high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), prekallikrein, and FXII (Hageman factor).
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 6
Incorrect
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Which of the following is a function of Vitamin C?
Your Answer: Oxidative decarboxylation of acetyl coa in the mitochondria
Correct Answer: Hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline for collagen synthesis
Explanation:Vitamin C acts as an electron donor for eight different enzymes: Three enzymes (prolyl-3-hydroxylase, prolyl-4-hydroxylase, and lysyl hydroxylase) that are required for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in the synthesis of collagen.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 8
Correct
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Why is tissue plasminogen activator (tPa) a valuable treatment used in myocardial infarction and stroke?
Your Answer: It forms plasmin from its inactive precursor
Explanation:tPA is a serine protease involved in the breakdown of blood clots. It functions by converting plasminogen, an inactive precursor, into plasmin, an active enzyme. Plasmin then degrades fibrin, the main protein component of blood clots, leading to clot dissolution. This mechanism is particularly valuable in the treatment of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and ischemic stroke, where timely dissolution of the clot can restore blood flow to affected tissues and reduce damage.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- It forms plasmin from its inactive precursor
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 9
Incorrect
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5-methyltetrahydrofolate (Methyl THF) is converted to THF with the help of which of the following?
Your Answer: Folate
Correct Answer: B 12
Explanation:MTR, also known as methionine synthase, is a methyltransferase enzyme, which uses the Vitamin B12 to transfer a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine, thereby generating tetrahydrofolate (THF) and methionine. This functionality is lost in vitamin B12 deficiency, resulting in an increased homocysteine level and the trapping of folate as 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate, from which THF (the active form of folate) cannot be recovered. THF plays an important role in DNA synthesis so reduced availability of THF results in ineffective production of cells with rapid turnover, in particular red blood cells, and also intestinal wall cells which are responsible for absorption.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 10
Correct
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Which of the following is a precursor to the tissue macrophage?
Your Answer: Monocyte
Explanation:Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, or leukocyte. They are the largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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