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Question 1
Incorrect
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Which one of the following dimensions relates to the greatest diameter of the fetal head?
Your Answer: Biparietal
Correct Answer: Occipitomental
Explanation:Occipitomental diameter is the greatest diameter of the fetal scalp and runs from chin to the prominent portion on the occiput. It measure about 12.5cm in diameter.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 2
Correct
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Question 3
Correct
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The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which of the following structures?
Your Answer: Inguinal ligament
Explanation:The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament which forms the base of the triangle, medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus and laterally by the sartorius muscle.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Correct
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Question 5
Incorrect
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All of the following anatomical features of the pelvis favour a vaginal delivery, except?
Your Answer: Sacral promontory can not be felt
Correct Answer: Obstetric conjugate is less than 10 cm
Explanation:For the foetus to pass through the vagina, the obstetric conjugate should be 11cm or greater. If the diameter is less than 10 cm then its better to perform C-section as the labour might not progress. All the other options favour a normal vaginal delivery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 6
Incorrect
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The uterine vein drains where?
Your Answer: Renal vein
Correct Answer: Internal iliac vein
Explanation:The venous drainage of the uterus is via the uterine veins which form a plexus passing below the artery within the base of the broad ligament communicating with the rectal and the vesical venous plexus before draining into the internal iliac veins.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Incorrect
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The typical female breast contains how many lobes?
Your Answer: 40-50
Correct Answer: 15-20
Explanation:The female breast is made of about 15 to 20 individual lobes. The lobules each consists of alveoli which drain into a single lactiferous duct. The ductal system leads to lactiferous sinuses and collecting ducts which expel milk from openings in the nipple.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Correct
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The main function of the cilia of the fallopian tube is?
Your Answer: Transport the ovum towards the uterus
Explanation:Cilia are small hair line projections in the fallopian tube. Their main function is to transport the egg through he fallopian tube towards the uterus. It is present in many other tubular organs and its function varies accordingly to the organ.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Correct
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Question 10
Incorrect
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The arterial blood supply to the bladder is via branches of which artery?
Your Answer: Inferior epigastric artery
Correct Answer: Internal Iliac
Explanation:The bladder is supplied by branches of the internal iliac artery, including the superior vesical artery, branches of the gluteal and obturator arteries and the inferior vesical artery in males and the vaginal and the uterine arteries in females.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 11
Correct
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Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta?
Your Answer: Ovarian
Explanation:The ovarian artery takes its origin directly from the aorta. While the uterine and the vaginal arteries are all branches of the internal iliac artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 12
Incorrect
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The pelvis includes which of the following bones:
Your Answer: Trochanter, sacrum, coccyx, ilium & pubis
Correct Answer: Ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum & coccyx
Explanation:The pelvic skeleton is formed posteriorly (in the area of the back), by the sacrum and the coccyx and laterally and anteriorly (forward and to the sides), by a pair of hip bones. Each hip bone consists of 3 sections, ilium, ischium, and pubis.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 13
Incorrect
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What is the average anteroposterior distance of the female pelvic outlet?
Your Answer: 11.5 cm
Correct Answer: 13 cm
Explanation:The pelvic outlet is bounded in front by the lower margin of the symphysis pubis, on each side by the descending ramus of the pubic bone, the ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament, and posteriorly by the last piece of the sacrum. The AP diameter of the pelvic outlet is 13.5 cm and the transverse diameter is 11 cm.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 14
Correct
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Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Para-aortic nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic vessels from the ovaries, joined by vessels from the uterine tubes and most from the fundus of the uterus, follow the ovarian veins as they ascend to the right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 15
Incorrect
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What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet?
Your Answer: pubic crest
Correct Answer: pubic arch
Explanation:Pelvic Outlet Boundaries Anteriorly: Pubic arch Laterally: Ischial tuberosities Posterolaterally: Inferior margin of the sacrotuberous ligament Posteriorly: Tip of the coccyx Note: The pelvis outlet is also called the inferior aperture. The pelvic brim is the superior aperture
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 16
Correct
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The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by which structure?
Your Answer: Fascia lata
Explanation:The femoral triangle is bounded:
– Superiorly by the inguinal ligament that forms the base of the femoral triangle.
– Medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus.
– Laterally by the sartorius; the apex of the femoral triangle is formed where the borders of the sartorius and the adductor muscles meet.
– The floor of the femoral triangle is formed by the iliopsoas laterally and the pectineus muscle medially.
– The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by the fascia lata and cribriform
fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 17
Correct
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A patient present to the clinic with a 1 day history of vaginal prolapse. Upon examination, the vagina is 1.5 cm below the vaginal plane. What grade is the prolapse according to the POP-Q classification?
Your Answer: Grade 3
Explanation:Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition amongst ageing women where a weakness in the pelvic support structures of the pelvic floor allows pelvic viscera to descend.
The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POP-Q) is useful for describing and staging the severity of the pelvic organ prolapse.
Grade 1: the most distal portion of the prolapse is more than 1 cm above the level of the hymen
Grade 2: the most distal portion of the prolapse is 1 cm or less proximal or distal to the hymenal plane
Grade 3: the most distal portion of the prolapse protrudes more than 1 cm below the hymen but protrudes no farther than 2 cm less than the total vaginal length (for example, not all of the vagina has prolapsed)
Grade 4: vaginal eversion complete -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 18
Incorrect
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Iliac Spine
Correct Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spines and palpable through the vagina and are used as landmarks to assess the decent of the fetal head from the cervix. It also serves as a landmark for giving the pudendal block.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 19
Correct
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Regarding lymph drainage of the lower vagina where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Inguinal nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic vessels from the vagina drain from the parts of the vagina as follows:
• Superior part: to the internal and external iliac lymph nodes.
• Middle part: to the internal iliac lymph nodes.
• Inferior part: to the sacral and common iliac nodes. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 20
Correct
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Which of the following nerves passes through the inguinal canal?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal nerve
Explanation:The contents of the inguinal canal is the ilioinguinal nerves, the round ligament of uterus in the females and the spermatic cord with its contents in males.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 21
Incorrect
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A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains of numbness and groin pain. You assess her and find the numb area is the anterior aspect of the labia. Which nerve has likely been damaged during surgery?
Your Answer: Perineal
Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal
Explanation:This describes the sensory area supplied by the ilioinguinal nerve. This is a potential complication with pelvic surgery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 22
Correct
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You have been asked to perform a pudendal nerve block on a patient by your consultant. The pudendal nerve is formed from which spinal segments?
Your Answer: S2,S3 and S4
Explanation:The pudendal nerve has its origins form S2, S3 and S4 spinal segments. It provides sensation to the clitoris and labia along with the ilioinguinal nerve.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 23
Correct
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Sensory supply to the clitoris is via branches of which nerve?
Your Answer: Pudendal nerve
Explanation:The pudenal nerves has three branches, namely the inferior rectal, perineal and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris. The perineal nerve has two branches: The superficial perineal nerve gives rise to posterior scrotal or labial (cutaneous) branches, and the deep perineal nerve supplies the muscles of the deep and superficial perineal pouches, the skin of the vestibule, and the mucosa of the inferior most part of the vagina. The inferior rectal nerve communicates with the posterior scrotal or labial and perineal nerves. The dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris is the primary sensory nerve serving the male or female organ, especially the sensitive glans at the distal end.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 24
Correct
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During the filling phase of micturition. At what bladder volume is the first urge to void felt?
Your Answer: 150ml
Explanation:The normal functional bladder capacity is around 400-600ml. First urge to void is typically felt when the bladder is approximately 150ml full.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 25
Correct
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A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the left ovary drain into?
Your Answer: Left renal
Explanation:When it comes to questions on venous drainage the ovarian vein is likely to be a common question given its varied drainage depending on laterality. The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava whereas the left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 26
Incorrect
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Question 27
Incorrect
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A patient is about to undergo a pudendal nerve block after vaginal delivery to repair an episiotomy. Which spinal segments form the pudendal nerve?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: S2, S3 and S4
Explanation:The pudendal nerve provides sensory innervation to regions of the anus, the perineum, the labia and the clitoris in women. The nerve is formed from the ventral rami of the S2-S4 sacral spinal nerves. The nerve is paired, each innervating the left and the right side of the body. Pudendal nerve blocks are indicated for analgesia of the second stage of labour, repair of an episiotomy or perineal laceration, and for minor surgeries of the lower vagina and perineum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 28
Incorrect
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spine is the anatomical landmark for assessing the station of the fetal head and also placing pudendal nerve blocks. (the pudendal nerve runs posterior to the ischial spine). The ischial spine can be palpated approximately 8cm into the vagina, at 4 and 8 o’clock.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 29
Incorrect
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What is the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Perineal membrane
Explanation:The perineal membrane (also known as the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm) separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches i.e. it is the inferior border of the deep pouch and superior border of the superficial pouch. The deep perineal pouch is the space therefore between superior and inferior layers of the urogenital diaphragm The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is the superior border
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 30
Incorrect
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You see a patient who is 32 weeks pregnant. She complains of tingling to the right buttock and shooting pain down the leg. You suspect Piriformis syndrome. Regarding Piriformis which of the following statements are true?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Insertion is onto the greater trochanter
Explanation:The proximal attachment of the piriformis muscles is from the anterior surface of sacrum and it attaches distally to the superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur. It is innervated by the anterior rami of S1 and S2.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 31
Incorrect
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The inguinal canal is reinforced anterolaterally by which structure?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Internal oblique
Explanation:The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal ligament is part of the floor.
The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 32
Incorrect
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What is the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Perineal membrane
Explanation:The perineal membrane is a tough fascial sheet that attaches to the sides of the urogenital triangle. it forms the inferior border of the deep pouch which lies between this and the levator ani and the superior border of the superficial pouch.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 33
Incorrect
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You see a patient who is 32 weeks pregnant. She complains of tingling to the right buttock and shooting pain down the leg. You suspect Piriformis syndrome. Regarding Piriformis which of the following statements are true?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Insertion is onto the greater trochanter
Explanation:Nerve Supply: L5 to S2 via Nerve to Piriformis
Origin: Sacrum
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: External rotation of hip
Blood Supply: Superior and Inferior gluteal arteries and lateral sacral arteries -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 34
Incorrect
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The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Conjoint tendon
Explanation:The Inguinal Canal
– Anterior wall: formed by the external oblique aponeurosis throughout the length of the canal; its lateral part is reinforced by muscle fibres of the internal oblique.
– Posterior wall: formed by the transversalis fascia; its medial part is reinforced by pubic attachments of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses that frequently merge to variable extents into a common tendon—the inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)—and the reflected inguinal ligament.
– Roof: formed laterally by the transversalis fascia, centrally by musculo-aponeurotic arches of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis, and medially by the medial crus of the external oblique aponeurosis.
– Floor: formed laterally by the iliopubic tract, centrally by gutter formed by the infolded inguinal ligament, and medially by the lacunar ligament. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 35
Incorrect
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Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Proximal portion of urethra
Explanation:The deep perineal pouch contains the external urethral sphincter, proximal urethra in females and membranous urethra in males, deep transverse perineal muscles and the glands of cowper.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 36
Incorrect
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Which structure reinforces the inguinal canal anterolaterally?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Internal oblique
Explanation:The anatomy of the inguinal canal is of surgical importance. In the male, the inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve and important blood vessels, while in females the inguinal canal holds the round ligament, ilioinguinal nerve and blood vessels. The floor of the inguinal canal is made of the inguinal ligament (a thickened portion of the inguinal ligament), while the posterior wall is made of the transversalis muscle. The anterior wall is made of the external oblique aponeurosis, and the roof is made up of fibres of the internal oblique, transversus abdominis and its aponeurosis, and the conjoint tendon. This means that the anterolateral support structure of the inguinal canal would be the fibres of the internal oblique.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 37
Incorrect
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Sertoli cells contain receptors to which hormone?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: FSH
Explanation:Sertoli cells contain receptors for FSH. In response to this Sertoli cells synthesize inhibin, androgen binding proteins and anti Mullerian hormone all which are connected to the reproduction cycle.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 38
Incorrect
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At what angle is the plane of the pelvic inlet to the anatomical horizontal plane?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: 60
Explanation:The female pelvic inlet tilts at an inclination that is about 60 degrees from the anatomical horizontal plane. This tilt is maintained by muscles and fascia. The pelvic outlet slopes at an angle of 15 degrees.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 39
Incorrect
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Regarding the pubic symphysis, what type of joint is it
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Secondary Cartilaginous
Explanation:The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint. The cartilaginous joints are divided further into primary and secondary joints. The primary joint is called the synchondrosis. It articulates with the pubis of the other side.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 40
Incorrect
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Question 41
Incorrect
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Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to be contracted?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Contracted pelvis occurs when one or more of its diameters is reduced so that it interferes with the normal mechanism of labour. A transverse diameter below 11 cm will result in difficult delivery of the foetus and C-section will be the better option in that case
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 42
Incorrect
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The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by which structure?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Fascia lata
Explanation:Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle: Superior: Inguinal ligament Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles Roof: Fascia Lata (cribriform fascia at the saphenous opening) Trasversalis fascia forms part of the roof of the inguinal canal
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 43
Incorrect
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Which of the following is true about the origin of the ovarian artery?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: It arises from the Abdominal Aorta
Explanation:The ovarian arteries are considered the main blood supply for the ovaries. The ovarian arteries usually arise from the lateral aspect of the abdominal artery, though in some instances they may arise from the renal or iliac arteries.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 44
Incorrect
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In which one of the following positions does hyperextension of the fetal head occur?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Face presentation
Explanation:Face presentation is the abnormal position of the fetal head in labour. In this position the neck is hyperextended.
Vertex position is the normal presentation of the foetus for delivery, in which the head is flexed and the position of the chin is towards the chest. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 45
Incorrect
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Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Proximal portion of urethra
Explanation:The proximal portion of urethra in females or membranous urethra in males is in the deep perineal pouch
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 46
Incorrect
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Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ovarian
Explanation:The uterine and vaginal arteries branch from the internal iliac artery. The ovarian artery branches direct from the aorta.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 47
Incorrect
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Which one of the following measurements is usually taken during clinical exam of the pelvis?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Shape of the pubic arch
Explanation:During pelvimetry, the shape of the pubic arch is usually examined. It helps in determining the outcome of the type of fetal delivery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 48
Incorrect
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The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ilium
Explanation:The arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium just inferior to the iliac fossa. It forms the boundary of the pelvic inlet.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 49
Incorrect
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The femoral triangle contains all of the following structures EXCEPT which one?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Explanation:The contents of the femoral triangles are femoral nerve, artery and the vein. Along with the femoral sheath and lymphatics.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 50
Incorrect
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