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  • Question 1 - Which of the following is likely to result in hematocolpos in a 12-year...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is likely to result in hematocolpos in a 12-year old girl?

      Your Answer: Imperforate hymen

      Explanation:

      Hematocolpos means accumulation of blood in vagina and hematometra is accumulation of blood in the uterus. These are most likely seen with an imperforate hymen; which is seen I 1 in 2000 females. If spontaneous resolution does not occur, treatment involves making a hole in the hymen to allow discharge of menstrual blood.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      6.4
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which of the following conditions of the breast is most often associated with...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following conditions of the breast is most often associated with use of oral contraceptives?

      Your Answer: Fat necrosis

      Correct Answer: Cyst formation

      Explanation:

      Breast cysts are common and are smooth, firm, mobile lumps that can sometimes be tender. Cysts can also be bilateral and are known to recur in 10% of cases. They are more common in women in the third and fourth decades and most often disappear after menopause. Cysts are filled with fluid from the breast which occurs due to the normal menstrual cycle of a woman. The end of the menstrual cycle causes breast cells to swell. After the menses, the cells shrink and the released fluid disappears. However, in some cases this fluid forms a cyst. Incidence of cysts was also linked to use of oral contraceptives.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      9.9
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Bloody discharge from the nipple of a 40-year old woman with no obvious...

    Incorrect

    • Bloody discharge from the nipple of a 40-year old woman with no obvious lump or abnormality on mammography is suggestive of:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Intraductal papilloma

      Explanation:

      A small benign tumour, namely intraductal papilloma is most common in women between 35-55 years of age. It is also the commonest cause of spontaneous discharge from a single duct. A lump below the nipple may be sometimes palpable. Ultrasound and ductography are useful investigations., along with cytology of discharge to assess the presence of malignant cells. Confirmation is by breast biopsy.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Endometrial hyperplasia is most likely to be associated with which of the following...

    Incorrect

    • Endometrial hyperplasia is most likely to be associated with which of the following conditions?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Fibrothecoma

      Explanation:

      A benign tumour arising from the ovarian stroma, fibrothecoma are bilateral in 10% cases. The thecoma component of the tumour can produce oestrogen leading to endometrial hyperplasia. The thecoma is rich in lipid content and is responsible for the yellowish appearance of the tumour. Meig’s syndrome is the presence of fibrothecoma with a right-sided hydrothorax.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - A 45-year old lady underwent biopsy of a soft, fleshy mass involving her...

    Incorrect

    • A 45-year old lady underwent biopsy of a soft, fleshy mass involving her left breast. The biopsy showed lymphoid stroma with minimal fibrosis, surrounding sheets of large vesicular cells with frequent mitoses. Which condition is she most likely suffering from?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Medullary carcinoma of breast

      Explanation:

      Medullary carcinoma is a malignant tumour of the breast with well-defined boundaries and accounts for 5% of all breast cancers. Other special features include a larger size of the neoplastic cells and presence of lymphoid cells at tumour edge. Differential diagnosis includes invasive ductal carcinoma. Prognosis is usually good.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - A 28-year old lady comes to the surgical clinic with a recently detected...

    Incorrect

    • A 28-year old lady comes to the surgical clinic with a recently detected lump in her right breast. On examination, the lump is found to be 1cm, rubbery, mobile with no palpable axillary nodes. Mammography reveals no microcalcifications and the opposite breast appears normal. What is the likely diagnosis?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Fibroadenoma

      Explanation:

      A benign breast tumour, fibroadenoma is common below the age of 30 years and occurs due to oestrogenic excess. It is characterised by proliferation of both glandular and stromal elements. Fibroadenomas are usually solitary and are mobile, not fixed to surrounding structures. The tumour is elastic, nodular and encapsulated with a grey-white cut surface. The two main histological types include intracanalicular and pericanalicular types, with both types often present in the same tumour. In the intracanalicular type, the stromal proliferation component predominates causing compression of ducts making them appear slit-like. In pericanalicular type, the fibrous stroma dominates around the ductal spaces so that they remain oval on cross section.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - A 46-year old lady presents with chief complaints of a large mass in...

    Incorrect

    • A 46-year old lady presents with chief complaints of a large mass in the left breast. Histopathology of the mass revealed a stromal component with an epithelial component. What is the likely lesion?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Phyllodes tumour

      Explanation:

      Phyllodes tumours are large, quickly growing tumours which arise from the periductal stroma of the breast. These are fibroepithelial tumours and account for less than 1% of breast cancers. These tumours can be benign, borderline or malignant based on the histology. The tumour usually affects adult women, mostly between the age of 40 to 50 years. It can be confused with fibroadenoma, which however affects much younger patients.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - A 38-year old woman presents to the clinic with a 2 cm eczema-like...

    Incorrect

    • A 38-year old woman presents to the clinic with a 2 cm eczema-like lesion on the areolar region of her left breast, for 5 months. Biopsy of the lesion showed large cells at the dermal-epidermal junction with positive staining for mucin. What is the likely diagnosis?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Paget’s disease of the breast

      Explanation:

      Paget’s disease of the breast or nipple resembles eczema in appearance with an underlying carcinoma typically. The disease is usually unilateral and presents with inflammation, oozing and crusting along with a non-healing ulcer. Treatment is often delayed due to the innocuous appearance but can be fatal. It results due to spread of neoplastic cells from the ducts of the mammary gland to the epithelium.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - A 18-year old girl presents to her doctor with an excessively enlarged left...

    Incorrect

    • A 18-year old girl presents to her doctor with an excessively enlarged left breast as compared to the right breast since puberty. The most likely cause for this is:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Virginal breast hypertrophy

      Explanation:

      Virginal breast hypertrophy’ is the term assigned to excessive growth of breasts during puberty and is a common phenomenon. It is also known as ‘juvenile macromastia’ or ‘ juvenile gigantomastia’. The breast hypertrophy often starts with menarche and occasionally occurs in growth spurts. These spurts can cause physical discomfort, red and itchy skin or pain in the breasts. The breasts can also grow continuously over several years and lead to overdevelopment of a normal breast. Nipples also undergo enlargement along with the breasts.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - A 38-year old lady presented to the hospital with abnormal passing of blood...

    Incorrect

    • A 38-year old lady presented to the hospital with abnormal passing of blood per vagina. On examination, she was found to have an endocervical polypoidal mass. On enquiry, she gave history of oral contraceptive usage for 3 years. What finding is expected on the histopathology report of biopsy of the mass?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Microglandular hyperplasia

      Explanation:

      Endocervical polyps or microglandular hyperplasia are benign growths occurring in the endocervical canal, in about 2-5% women and occur secondary to use of oral contraceptives. They are usually < 1cm in size, friable and reddish-pink. Usually asymptomatic, they can cause bleeding or become infected, leading to leucorrhoea (purulent vaginal discharge). They are usually benign but need to be differentiated from adenocarcinomas by histology.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pathology
      • Women's Health
      0
      Seconds

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Pathology (1/2) 50%
Women's Health (1/2) 50%
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