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Question 1
Correct
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In the next decade, where is depression expected to rank among the top causes of global disease burden?
Your Answer: Leading cause
Explanation:The World Health Organization reports that depression has risen from being the third leading cause of disease burden globally in 2004 to the second leading cause in 2013. It is projected to become the primary cause by 2030.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 2
Correct
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What is the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an individual with one copy of the apoE4 allele compared to those without any copies of the allele?
Your Answer: Three times higher (odds ratio = 3)
Explanation:First degree relatives of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have a threefold higher risk of developing the disease compared to non-relatives. The most significant genetic risk factor for AD is the apolipoprotein E (apo E) gene, located on chromosome 19q, which has three codominant alleles: e2, e3, and e4. The e4 allele, which is overrepresented, and the e2 allele, which is underrepresented, are associated with AD. In Caucasians, individuals who are homozygous for e4 have 14.9 times greater odds of developing AD, while those who are heterozygous for e3/e4 have 3.2 times greater odds compared to those who are homozygous for e3. Additionally, e4 homozygotes tend to develop AD at an earlier age, by approximately two decades.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 3
Correct
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Which of the following is an instance of tertiary intervention?
Your Answer: Rehabilitation
Explanation:The prevention of a disease can be divided into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing the effects of an existing disease and helping individuals achieve their optimal level of functioning. Primary prevention involves implementing broad changes to decrease the overall risk of a disease in a population, such as promoting healthy nutrition, positive parenting, and smoking cessation. Secondary prevention involves early detection and intervention through screening programs.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 4
Incorrect
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Which depression assessment tool contains more physiological aspects compared to the others?
Your Answer: Beck depression inventory
Correct Answer: Hamilton depression rating scale
Explanation:The Hamilton depression rating scale is focused on biological aspects and is administered by an observer, making it suitable for assessing patients with cognitive impairment. The Beck depression inventory emphasizes cognitive items. The Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale is highly responsive to changes. The visual analogue scale is a straightforward tool where patients indicate their mood state on a line. The Zung self rating scale is a self-administered assessment.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 5
Incorrect
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Which disorder is more frequently identified in individuals from higher socioeconomic backgrounds?
Your Answer: Depression
Correct Answer: Bipolar affective disorder
Explanation:Individuals from higher social classes are more likely to be diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder and eating disorders, while those from lower social classes are more commonly diagnosed with alcohol dependence, depression, schizophrenia, and substance misuse disorders.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 6
Incorrect
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What is the prevalence of suicidal thoughts throughout one's lifetime?
Your Answer: 5.60%
Correct Answer: 9.20%
Explanation:In a survey conducted by Nock et al.1, which involved interviewing more than 80,000 individuals across 17 countries, it was discovered that 9.2% of people have experienced suicidal thoughts at some point in their lives. Additionally, the survey found that 2.7% of individuals have attempted suicide, while 3.1% have made plans to do so.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 7
Incorrect
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What proportion of individuals who experience suicidal thoughts progress to making a plan and attempting suicide within the initial year of onset?
Your Answer: 20%
Correct Answer: 60%
Explanation:In a survey conducted by Nock et al.1, which involved interviewing more than 80,000 individuals across 17 countries regarding suicidal behaviors, it was discovered that 60% of individuals who transitioned from suicidal ideation to planning and attempting suicide did so within the first year of experiencing ideation.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 8
Incorrect
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How does depression in an otherwise fit individual impact the autonomous risk factor for the onset of coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Your Answer: Triples the risk of CHD
Correct Answer: Doubles the risk of CHD
Explanation:Depression has been found to be strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, even after controlling for other risk factors such as smoking. Studies have demonstrated that depression is an independent predictor of both fatal and non-fatal ischaemic heart disease.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 9
Correct
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What are some characteristics of depression in older adults?
Your Answer: More severe
Explanation:The elderly population is at a higher risk of experiencing severe depression and requiring hospitalization. Depression rates in residential homes and medical wards can be as high as 20-30%, and the risk of suicide also increases with age.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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Question 10
Correct
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What factors contribute to the rise in the incidence of a medical condition?
Your Answer: Immigration of cases into a population
Explanation:The duration of an illness is determined by multiplying its incidence by its prevalence. If a curative treatment for the disease is discovered, the duration of the illness will decrease. The remaining answer choices will lower the incidence of the illness.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Epidemiology
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
