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  • Question 1 - Which of the following are exclusively innervated by parasympathetic nerves? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following are exclusively innervated by parasympathetic nerves?

      Your Answer: Gall bladder

      Correct Answer: Circular muscle of iris

      Explanation:

      Circular muscle of iris is exclusively supplied by the parasympathetic nerves.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      56.7
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - The reticular formation occupies which area of the brain? ...

    Correct

    • The reticular formation occupies which area of the brain?

      Your Answer: Medulla and midbrain

      Explanation:

      The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located along the brainstem.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      10.8
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - The tectum as part of the Midbrain contains which structure important in visual...

    Correct

    • The tectum as part of the Midbrain contains which structure important in visual reflexes.

      Your Answer: Superior colliculus

      Explanation:

      The tectum is a part of the midbrain, specifically, the dorsal part of the midbrain. The tectum consists of the superior and inferior colliculi. The superior colliculus is involved in preliminary visual processing and control of eye movement.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      4.6
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which neuron secretes glutamate as its neurotransmitter? ...

    Correct

    • Which neuron secretes glutamate as its neurotransmitter?

      Your Answer: A delta and C pain fibers

      Explanation:

      A delta and C fibers use glutamate as their primary neurotransmitter where it acts as a fast acting localized neurotransmitter.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      77.1
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Sequence of events in formation of speech are: ...

    Incorrect

    • Sequence of events in formation of speech are:

      Your Answer: Insula---Wernicke's area---arcuate fasciculus---broca’s area---motor cortex ---speech

      Correct Answer: Wernicke’s area---arcuate fasciculus---broca’s area---insula---motor cortex---speech

      Explanation:

      Wernicke’s area is located in the categorical hemisphere or left hemisphere in about 95% of right handed individuals and 60% of left handed individuals. It is involved in the comprehension or understanding of written and spoken language. In contrast Broca’s area is involved in production of language. Firstly, the language is accessed in the Wernicke’s area and these words are sent via the arcuate fasciculus to the Broca’s area, where instructions for articulation is generated. This is then sent from Broca’s are to the motor cortex for the articulation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      105.2
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - The Afferent neuron that supplies all sensory elements of the muscle spindle is...

    Correct

    • The Afferent neuron that supplies all sensory elements of the muscle spindle is what type of sensory neuron?

      Your Answer: Ia

      Explanation:

      Muscle spindle is supplied by both sensory and motor nerves. Sensory supply is Type Ia fibers whereas motor supply is gamma motor neurone.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      43.5
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Regarding taste threshold and intensity discrimination: ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding taste threshold and intensity discrimination:

      Your Answer: 10% change in concentration of substance tasted is necessary before an intensity difference can be detected

      Correct Answer: 30% change in concentration of substance tasted is necessary before an intensity difference can be detected

      Explanation:

      The ability of humans to differentiate differences in intensity of taste is poor. A 30% change in the concentration of the substance being tasted is required before an intensity difference is perceived.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      21.1
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following correctly describes stages in the formation of CSF? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following correctly describes stages in the formation of CSF?

      Your Answer: All of the above

      Explanation:

      All the above are true for the formation of CSF

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      111.3
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Transportation of proteins from the cell body to axonal terminals is known as:...

    Correct

    • Transportation of proteins from the cell body to axonal terminals is known as:

      Your Answer: Axoplasmic flow

      Explanation:

      Transportation of proteins from the cell body to axonal terminals is known as axoplasmic, axonal flow or Axonal transport.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      19.9
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The brainstem contains which of the following structures? ...

    Correct

    • The brainstem contains which of the following structures?

      Your Answer: The midbrain, pons and medulla

      Explanation:

      Brain stem is the base of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It consists of the mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      5.9
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - In Argyll Robertson pupils… ...

    Correct

    • In Argyll Robertson pupils…

      Your Answer: All of the options given

      Explanation:

      Argyll Robertson pupils are bilaterally small pupils that accommodate or reduce in size near an object but do not react to light. They do not constrict when exposed to bright light. They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis but may be seen in diabetic neuropathy as well.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      77.5
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - The hippocampus is involved in the memory of: ...

    Incorrect

    • The hippocampus is involved in the memory of:

      Your Answer: Habituation

      Correct Answer: Facts

      Explanation:

      The hippocampus plays an important role in forming new memories about experienced events. Some researchers say that hippocampus plays a major role in declarative memory for example memory of facts.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      9.5
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - Choose the correct answer: The interposed nuclei… ...

    Incorrect

    • Choose the correct answer: The interposed nuclei…

      Your Answer: All of the above

      Correct Answer: Are the emboliform and globose nuclei in the paravermis

      Explanation:

      The interposed nuclei are a part of deep cerebellar complex and are composed of the globose nucleus and the emboliform nucleus. It receives afferent fibers from the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and sends output via the superior cerebellar peduncle to the red nucleus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      42.8
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which of the following receptors are found in the liver? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following receptors are found in the liver?

      Your Answer: α1, α2, β1, β2

      Correct Answer: α1, β2

      Explanation:

      Liver consists of the sympathetic Alpha 1 and beta 2 receptors.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      65.6
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - Which ventral (motor) root is responsible for triceps? ...

    Correct

    • Which ventral (motor) root is responsible for triceps?

      Your Answer: C7

      Explanation:

      Of the nerve fibers that make up the brachial plexus, C7 mainly forms the radial nerve to innervate the triceps muscle, thus innervating the shoulders, elbow, wrist and hand. C7 is responsible for the triceps reflex.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      73.9
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - In the basal ganglia, the Lentiform nucleus is formed by which two nuclei?...

    Correct

    • In the basal ganglia, the Lentiform nucleus is formed by which two nuclei?

      Your Answer: Putamen and Globus pallidus

      Explanation:

      The Basal Ganglia are composed of the following structures: Caudate, putamen, Globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra.

      The Lentiform nucleus is a biconvex structure located within the basal ganglia of the brain. It is composed of two nuclei:

      1. Putamen: This is the outer part of the Lentiform nucleus and is involved in regulating movements and various types of learning.
      2. Globus pallidus: This is the inner part of the Lentiform nucleus and is divided into two segments: the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi). It plays a key role in the regulation of voluntary movement.

      These two structures together form the Lentiform nucleus, which is an integral part of the basal ganglia system involved in motor control.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      11.1
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which of the following is not innervated by the parasympathetic nerve supply? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is not innervated by the parasympathetic nerve supply?

      Your Answer: Sphincter muscle of iris

      Correct Answer: Radial muscle of iris

      Explanation:

      The sphincter pupillae is supplied by the parasympathetic fibers from the Edinger Westphal nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. The dilator pupillae (radial muscle) is supplied by the postganglionic fibers of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. The parasympathetic nerve supply to the salivary glands originate in the parasympathetic nucleus of the facial nerve (superior salivatory nucleus) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (inferior salivatory nucleus). The parasympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve and descend into the thorax in the vagus nerve. The fibers terminate by synapsing with postganglionic neurons in the cardiac plexuses. Postganglionic fibers terminate on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and on the coronary arteries Parasympathetic supply to the stomach is via the vagus nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      17
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - In which cell would you find a Nissl body? ...

    Correct

    • In which cell would you find a Nissl body?

      Your Answer: Bipolar neuron

      Explanation:

      Nissl bodies are the structures of protein synthesis in neurones. They are granular bodies of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and ribosomes. Astrocytes, Microglia, Schwann cell, oligodendrocytes are collectively known as glia or supporting cells of the nervous system.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      6.6
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - The layers of the neocortex from the 1st to the 6th are arranged...

    Correct

    • The layers of the neocortex from the 1st to the 6th are arranged as follows:

      Your Answer: Molecular, external granular, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal, multiform

      Explanation:

      The layers of neocortex from outermost to innermost include: the molecular, external granular layer, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal and multiform layer.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      66.1
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - Myelin sheath in the CNS is produced by? ...

    Correct

    • Myelin sheath in the CNS is produced by?

      Your Answer: Oligodendrocytes

      Explanation:

      CNS myelin is produced by special cells called oligodendrocytes. PNS myelin is produced by Schwann cells. The two types of myelin are chemically different, but they both perform the same function — to promote efficient transmission of a nerve impulse along the axon.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      3.2
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - Into how many functional units can the cerebellum be divided? ...

    Correct

    • Into how many functional units can the cerebellum be divided?

      Your Answer: 3

      Explanation:

      The functional division of the cerebellum are the: Vestibulocerebellum (floculonodular lobe), Spinocerebellum (vermis and associated areas in the midline) and cerebrocerebellum (lateral hemispheres).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      5.7
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - The midbrain, medulla and pons, contain the following cranial nerve nuclei? ...

    Correct

    • The midbrain, medulla and pons, contain the following cranial nerve nuclei?

      Your Answer: CN 3 - 12

      Explanation:

      The cranial nerves (with the exception of I and II) originate in the brainstem, which includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      14.2
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - What is the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system called?...

    Incorrect

    • What is the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system called?

      Your Answer: Neuron

      Correct Answer: Astrocyte

      Explanation:

      Astrocytes are the supporting cells of the central nervous system. There are two types; the fibrous type is found in the white matter and the protoplasmic type in the grey matter. They are the most abundant cell type in the CNS.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      2.4
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - Which of the following is a form of synaptic plasticity? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is a form of synaptic plasticity?

      Your Answer: Long term depression

      Correct Answer: Working memory

      Explanation:

      Synaptic plasticity is an important neurochemical foundation of working memory and generation of memory. Synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in their activity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      64.4
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - Increase Gamma motor neuron activity produces what effect on the muscle spindle sensitivity?...

    Correct

    • Increase Gamma motor neuron activity produces what effect on the muscle spindle sensitivity?

      Your Answer: Increase

      Explanation:

      The muscle spindle is supplied by both sensory and motor nerves. Sensory supply is Type Ia fibers whereas motor supply is via gamma motor neurons. These neurons also play a role in adjusting the sensitivity of muscle spindles. Increased neuron activity increases the muscle spindle sensitivity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      54.1
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - Which of the following runs in the upper part of the falx cerebri?...

    Correct

    • Which of the following runs in the upper part of the falx cerebri?

      Your Answer: Superior sagittal sinus

      Explanation:

      Falx cerebri is a sickle cell fold of dura between the two hemispheres. Its posterior part blends with the superior part of the tentorium cerebelli. The superior sagittal sinus runs in its upper fixed margin, the inferior sagittal sinus in the free concave margin and the straight sinus along its attachment to the tentorium cerebelli.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      30.3
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - A lesion that interrupts one optic nerve causes blindness: ...

    Correct

    • A lesion that interrupts one optic nerve causes blindness:

      Your Answer: In the eye on the same side as the optic nerve

      Explanation:

      The optic nerve on each side contains medial and lateral fibers originating from the retina. Medial fibers cross at the optic chiasm and become the optic tract ending in the visual cortex of the occipital lobe. If there is a lesion interrupting the “optic nerve” on one side, the same side eye will be completely blind.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      9
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - Choose the correct answer: fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle: ...

    Incorrect

    • Choose the correct answer: fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle:

      Your Answer: Are mainly dorsal spinocerebellar tracts to the cerebellum

      Correct Answer: Are mainly ventral spinocerebellar tracts from the cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus and red nucleus

      Explanation:

      There are three cerebellar peduncles with different connections and functions. The three are mainly, superior, middle and inferior. The superior cerebellar peduncle is also known as the “Brachium conjunctivum”. It predominantly contains efferent fibers from the cerebellar nuclei, as well as some afferents from the spinocerebellar tract. The efferent pathways include cerebellorubral, dentatothalamic, and fastigioreticular fibers. These are tracts projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus and red nucleus. The middle cerebellar peduncle connects to the pontine nucleus and the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts run through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

      The superior cerebellar peduncle contains vital afferent and efferent fibers including cerebellothalamic, cerebellorubral and ventrospinocerebellar tracts.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      25
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - The premotor cortex is: ...

    Correct

    • The premotor cortex is:

      Your Answer: Brodmann area 6

      Explanation:

      A Brodmann area in the brain is defined by cytoarchitecture, histology and organization of cells:Primary Sensory 3,1,2Primary Motor 4Premotor 6Primary Visual 17Primary Auditory 41Brocas 44

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      16.3
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - Which part of the cerebellum is primarily responsible for interacting with the motor...

    Correct

    • Which part of the cerebellum is primarily responsible for interacting with the motor cortex and planning and programming movements?

      Your Answer: Cerebrocerebellum

      Explanation:

      The cerebrocerebellum is the largest functional subdivision of the cerebellum, comprising of the lateral hemispheres and the dentate nuclei. It is involved in the planning and timing of movements, and in the cognitive functions of the cerebellum.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      21.2
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Medicine (20/30) 67%
Neurology (20/30) 67%
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