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  • Question 1 - A 30-year-old male with a known allergy to natural latex rubber presents with...

    Correct

    • A 30-year-old male with a known allergy to natural latex rubber presents with an allergic reaction to a food he has just eaten.

      Which ONE of these foods is most likely to cause an associated hypersensitivity in him?

      Your Answer: Banana

      Explanation:

      About one third of patients with allergy to natural latex rubber (NRL) have an associated allergy to some plant-derived foods. It is known as the latex-fruit syndrome and occurs commonly with consumption of fresh fruits. Banana and avocado are the most implicated fruits but it can also be seen with tomato, kiwi and chestnut.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • General Pathology
      • Pathology
      5
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A dermatological examination on a patient presenting with a lump shows a small...

    Correct

    • A dermatological examination on a patient presenting with a lump shows a small visible skin elevation containing an accumulation of pus.

      Which one of these best describes the lump you have found on examination?

      Your Answer: Pustule

      Explanation:

      A pustule is a small visible skin elevation containing an accumulation of pus.

      A carbuncle is a collection of individual boils clustered together.

      A bulla is a visible collection of clear fluid measuring greater than 0.5 cm in diameter.

      A furuncle, or boil, is a pyogenic infection of the hair follicle commonly caused by infection with Staphylococcus aureus.

      A vesicle is a visible collection of fluid measuring less than 0.5 cm in diameter.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • General Pathology
      • Pathology
      10.7
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Regarding acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), which of the following statements is CORRECT: ...

    Correct

    • Regarding acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), which of the following statements is CORRECT:

      Your Answer: AML becomes increasingly common with age.

      Explanation:

      Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukaemia in adults and becomes increasingly common with age, with a median onset of 65 years. It forms only a minor fraction (10 – 15%) of childhood leukaemia. The clinical features of AML typically presents with clinical features secondary to leukaemic infiltration of bone marrow and extramedullary sites:
      Anaemia (lethargy, pallor and breathlessness)
      Thrombocytopaenia (petechiae, bruising, epistaxis, haemorrhage) – often profound
      Neutropenia (infections)
      Hepatosplenomegaly
      Gingival infiltration
      Central nervous system involvement in AML is uncommon.
      Leukaemia cutis is the infiltration of neoplastic leukocytes in the skin. It occurs in approximately 10% of patients with AML.Haematological investigations reveal a normochromic normocytic anaemia with thrombocytopenia in most cases. The total white cell count is usually increased and blood film examination typically shows a variable number of blast cells. The bone marrow is hypercellular and typically contains many blast cells.. The prognosis for patients with AML has been improving steadily, particularly for those under 60 years of age, and approximately one-third of patients of this group can expect to achieve long-term cure. For the elderly, the situation is poor and less than 10% of those over 70 years of age achieve long-term remission.
      CML is commonly associated with the Philadelphia chromosome. The Philadelphia chromosome is present in only 1% of adults AML cases.
      Lymphadenopathy is rare in AML.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Pathology
      12.6
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which of the following clinical features is NOT a typical feature of haemolytic...

    Correct

    • Which of the following clinical features is NOT a typical feature of haemolytic anaemias:

      Your Answer: Angular cheilitis

      Explanation:

      Features include:
      Anaemia
      Jaundice (caused by unconjugated bilirubin in plasma, bilirubin is absent from urine)
      Pigment gallstones
      Splenomegaly
      Ankle ulcers
      Expansion of marrow with, in children, bone expansion e.g. frontal bossing in beta-thalassaemia major
      Aplastic crisis caused by parvovirus

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Pathology
      9
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - A 69-year-old woman with new-onset back pain was diagnosed with osteopenia, osteolytic lesions,...

    Correct

    • A 69-year-old woman with new-onset back pain was diagnosed with osteopenia, osteolytic lesions, and vertebral collapse after undergoing a radiographic examination. Her laboratory results revealed anaemia and hypercalcemia. These findings most likely indicate what condition?

      Your Answer: Myeloma

      Explanation:

      Bone pain, pathologic fractures, weakness, anaemia, infection, hypercalcemia, spinal cord compression, and renal failure are all signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma (MM). The patient’s condition matched the signs and symptoms of myeloma.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Pathology
      12.3
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - A 29-year-old female with chronic anaemia secondary to sickle cell disease is being...

    Correct

    • A 29-year-old female with chronic anaemia secondary to sickle cell disease is being transfused. A few minutes after starting the blood transfusion, she develops widespread itching with urticarial rash, wheezing, nausea and chest pain. Her BP reduces to 60/40 mmHg.

      What is the most appropriate treatment?

      Your Answer: Stop the transfusion and administer adrenaline

      Explanation:

      Anaphylaxis transfusion reaction occurs when an individual has previously been sensitized to an allergen present in the blood and, on re-exposure, releases IgE or IgG antibodies. Patients with anaphylaxis usually develop laryngospasm, bronchospasm, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, shock, and loss of consciousness. The transfusion should be stopped immediately and the patient should be treated with adrenaline, oxygen, corticosteroids, and antihistamines.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Pathology
      12.2
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - A patient presents with a rash for a dermatological examination. A flat circumscribed...

    Incorrect

    • A patient presents with a rash for a dermatological examination. A flat circumscribed area of discoloured skin measuring 0.7 cm in diameter is seen on examination.

      What is the best description of this rash that you have found on examination?

      Your Answer: Papule

      Correct Answer: Macule

      Explanation:

      A macule is a flat, well circumscribed area of discoloured skin less than 1 cm in diameter with no changes in the thickness or texture of the skin.

      A vesicle is a visible collection of clear fluid measuring less than 0.5 cm in diameter.

      A papule is a solid, well circumscribed, skin elevation measuring less than 0.5 cm in diameter.

      A nodule is a solid, well circumscribed, raised area that lies in or under the skin and measures greater than 0.5 cm in diameter. They are usually painless.

      A plaque is a palpable skin lesion that is elevated and measures >1cm in diameter.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • General Pathology
      • Pathology
      29.6
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following clinical features is a feature of a chronic extravascular...

    Correct

    • Which of the following clinical features is a feature of a chronic extravascular haemolytic anaemia:

      Your Answer: Gallstones

      Explanation:

      Clinical features of haemolytic anaemia include:
      Anaemia
      Jaundice (caused by unconjugated bilirubin in plasma, bilirubin is absent from urine)
      Pigment gallstones
      Splenomegaly
      Ankle ulcers
      Expansion of marrow with, in children, bone expansion e.g. frontal bossing in beta-thalassaemia major
      Aplastic crisis caused by parvovirus

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Pathology
      22.4
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - The most common type of adult leukaemia is chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). It...

    Correct

    • The most common type of adult leukaemia is chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). It develops as a result of lymphocyte clonal proliferation. Which of the following statements about CLL is CORRECT?

      Your Answer: It is most commonly discovered as an incidental finding

      Explanation:

      CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) is the most common type of chronic lymphoid leukaemia, with a peak incidence between the ages of 60 and 80. It is the most common type of leukaemia in Europe and the United States, but it is less common elsewhere.

      The CLL tumour cell is a mature B-cell with low immunoglobulin surface expression (IgM or IgD). The average age at diagnosis is 72 years, with only 15% of cases occurring before the age of 50.

      The male-to-female ratio is about 2:1. Over 80% of cases are identified by the results of a routine blood test, which is usually performed for another reason.

      Lymphocytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and normochromic normocytic anaemia are common laboratory findings. Aspiration of bone marrow reveals up to 95% lymphocytic replacement of normal marrow elements.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Pathology
      21.5
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The following statements about leukotrienes as chemical mediators of the acute inflammatory response...

    Correct

    • The following statements about leukotrienes as chemical mediators of the acute inflammatory response are all true EXCEPT?

      Your Answer: They decrease vascular permeability

      Explanation:

      Leukotrienes increases (not decrease) vascular permeability during acute inflammation.

      All the other statements are correct

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • General Pathology
      • Pathology
      17.8
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

General Pathology (3/4) 75%
Pathology (9/10) 90%
Haematology (6/6) 100%
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