00
Correct
00
Incorrect
00 : 00 : 00
Session Time
00 : 00
Average Question Time ( Secs)
Retry this test Dashboard

  • Question 1 - The small opening in the cochlea through which the upper scala vestibuli and...

    Incorrect

    • The small opening in the cochlea through which the upper scala vestibuli and lower scala tympani communicates is called the:

      Your Answer: Oval window

      Correct Answer: Helicotrema

      Explanation:

      The helicotrema is the part of cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      11.7
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - The majority striatal neurons, called medium spiny neurons, utilizes which neurotransmitter? ...

    Incorrect

    • The majority striatal neurons, called medium spiny neurons, utilizes which neurotransmitter?

      Your Answer: Dopamine

      Correct Answer: GABA

      Explanation:

      Medium spiny neurons are inhibitory neurons which use GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) which exerts inhibitory actions. These cells represent 95% of neurones within the human striatum found in basal ganglia.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      16.3
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - The ependyma fuse with which of the following to from the choroid plexus?...

    Incorrect

    • The ependyma fuse with which of the following to from the choroid plexus?

      Your Answer: Dura mater

      Correct Answer: Tela choroidea

      Explanation:

      The choroid plexus produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. It consists of modified ependymal cells. Tela choroidea is a region of pia mater of the meninges and underlying ependyma that’s a part of the choroid plexus. It is a very thin layer of the connective tissue of pia mater that overlies and covers the ependyma.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      11.2
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - The pathway responsible for the discriminative aspect of pain, is called the: ...

    Correct

    • The pathway responsible for the discriminative aspect of pain, is called the:

      Your Answer: Neospinothalamic tract

      Explanation:

      The spinothalamic tract is an ascending or a sensory tract, responsible for transmission of pain and temperature. The neospinothalamic tract is responsible for fast pain or discriminative pain whereas the palaeospinothalamic tract is responsible for transmission of slow pain.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      17
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Afferent A δ fibers from nociceptors terminate primarily on neurons in which lamina:...

    Incorrect

    • Afferent A δ fibers from nociceptors terminate primarily on neurons in which lamina:

      Your Answer: II and V

      Correct Answer: I and V

      Explanation:

      Nociceptors are receptors of pain sensation. There are 2 primary afferent/sensory pain fibers which transmit impulses from the receptor to the CNS, specifically to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The two fibers are A δ and C fibers. The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is the relay centre for sensory information converging from the periphery. Grey matter of the dorsal horn is subdivided in to laminae based on cytoarchitecture. C fibers terminate in lamina II the substantia gelatinosa. A δ fibers terminate primarily in lamina I but some project more deeply to terminate in lamina V.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      4.4
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - The premotor cortex is: ...

    Correct

    • The premotor cortex is:

      Your Answer: Brodmann area 6

      Explanation:

      A Brodmann area in the brain is defined by cytoarchitecture, histology and organization of cells:
      Primary Sensory 3,1,2
      Primary Motor 4
      Premotor 6
      Primary Visual 17
      Primary Auditory 41
      Brocas 44

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      7.5
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Which statement is incorrect regarding nociceptor C fibers… ...

    Incorrect

    • Which statement is incorrect regarding nociceptor C fibers…

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: They are thinly myelinated

      Explanation:

      Group C nerve fibers are unmyelinated and have a small diameter, which means they conduct impulses at a low velocity. They carry sensory information and nociception.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Increase Gamma motor neuron activity produces what effect on the muscle spindle sensitivity?...

    Incorrect

    • Increase Gamma motor neuron activity produces what effect on the muscle spindle sensitivity?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Increase

      Explanation:

      The muscle spindle is supplied by both sensory and motor nerves. Sensory supply is Type Ia fibers whereas motor supply is via gamma motor neurons. These neurons also play a role in adjusting the sensitivity of muscle spindles. Increased neuron activity increases the muscle spindle sensitivity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Concerning the sleep-wake cycle, Melatonin is secreted by which structure in the brain...

    Incorrect

    • Concerning the sleep-wake cycle, Melatonin is secreted by which structure in the brain following which environmental conditions?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Pineal gland, darkness

      Explanation:

      Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland located in the midline attached to the posterior roof of the third ventricle in the brain. Melatonin affects circadian rhythm in the body or the sleep wake cycle. The precursor to melatonin is serotonin and the rate limiting enzyme that converts serotonin to melatonin is low during the day time and reaches its peak during the night.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The axons of the POST ganglionic neurons are mostly? ...

    Incorrect

    • The axons of the POST ganglionic neurons are mostly?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: C fibers

      Explanation:

      According to Erlanger- Grasser classification preganglionic fibers are B fibers whereas post ganglionic fibers are C fibers.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Where do the spinothalamic axons decussate? ...

    Incorrect

    • Where do the spinothalamic axons decussate?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Spinal cord

      Explanation:

      The second order neurons from the spinothalamic tract cross obliquely to the opposite side in the anterior grey and white commissure within one segment of the spinal cord.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - The thalamic main input from the cortex is via which tracts? ...

    Incorrect

    • The thalamic main input from the cortex is via which tracts?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Thalamocortical pathway

      Explanation:

      The thalamus is connected to cerebral cortex via the thalamocortical radiation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - Which of the following runs in the upper part of the falx cerebri?...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following runs in the upper part of the falx cerebri?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Superior sagittal sinus

      Explanation:

      Falx cerebri is a sickle cell fold of dura between the two hemispheres. Its posterior part blends with the superior part of the tentorium cerebelli. The superior sagittal sinus runs in its upper fixed margin, the inferior sagittal sinus in the free concave margin and the straight sinus along its attachment to the tentorium cerebelli.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Habituation… ...

    Incorrect

    • Habituation…

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Is a simple form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is repeated many times

      Explanation:

      It is a simple form of learning where an organism decreases or ceases it’s response to a certain stimuli after repeated presentation. The organisms learns to stop responding to a stimulus which is no longer biologically relevant.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - The cavernous sinus is? ...

    Incorrect

    • The cavernous sinus is?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Lateral to the body of the sphenoid

      Explanation:

      It is a venous sinus which creates a cavity called the lateral sellar compartment bordered by the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone. There are 2 on either side. It is about 1cm wide and extends from the posterior aspect of the orbit to the petrous part of the temporal bone. They sit on either side or lateral to the sphenoid bone.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - The superior orbital fissure is the site of entry/exit for which of the...

    Incorrect

    • The superior orbital fissure is the site of entry/exit for which of the following group of nerves?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: CN III, IV, V1, VI

      Explanation:

      The superior and inferior divisions of oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic V1 and the abducens nerve (VI)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which one of the following nerve fibers is involved in proprioception? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following nerve fibers is involved in proprioception?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: An α fiber

      Explanation:

      Proprioception, also known as kinaesthesia, is the sense through which humans perceive their own position and movements. α nerve fibers are specifically involved in transmitting proprioception stimuli.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Regarding CSF: ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding CSF:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Disruption of arachnoid villi function results in a communicating hydrocephalus

      Explanation:

      In normal adults CSF volume is around 125ml to 150ml. Turnover of the entire volume of cerebrospinal fluid is about 3 to 4 times a day. Composition of CSF is similar to that of plasma except that CSF is nearly protein-free compared with plasma and has different electrolyte levels. Blockage of the foramina causes an obstructive or non-communicating hydrocephalus. Communicating hydrocephalus or non-obstructive hydrocephalus is caused by impaired CSF reabsorption in the absence of any CSF flow obstruction.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - The tectum as part of the Midbrain contains which structure important in visual...

    Incorrect

    • The tectum as part of the Midbrain contains which structure important in visual reflexes.

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Superior colliculus

      Explanation:

      The tectum is a part of the midbrain, specifically, the dorsal part of the midbrain. The tectum consists of the superior and inferior colliculi. The superior colliculus is involved in preliminary visual processing and control of eye movement.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - Which one of the following neurotransmitters is considered a monoamine? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following neurotransmitters is considered a monoamine?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Acetylcholine

      Explanation:

      Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system. Monoamine neurotransmitters contain only one amino group joined to an aromatic ring. Acetylcholine is produced from acetyl-CoA and choline.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - Where is the M1 receptor mainly found? ...

    Incorrect

    • Where is the M1 receptor mainly found?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Sympathetic postganglionic neurons

      Explanation:

      M1 receptors are found in the sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - Regarding the innervation of the cerebral blood vessels, postganglionic sympathetic neurons have their...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the innervation of the cerebral blood vessels, postganglionic sympathetic neurons have their cell bodies in the:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Superior cervical ganglia

      Explanation:

      The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is a part of autonomic system which plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis of the body. This ganglion innervates structures in the head and neck and is the largest and the most superiorly located ganglion. The SCG provides sympathetic innervation to structures within the head, including the pineal gland, the blood vessels in the cranial muscles and the brain, the choroid plexus, the eyes, the lacrimal glands, the carotid body, the salivary glands, and the thyroid gland. The postganglionic axons of the SCG innervate the internal carotid artery and form the internal carotid plexus. The internal carotid plexus carries the postganglionic axons of the SCG to the eye, lacrimal gland, mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and pharynx, and numerous blood-vessels in the head.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - Which receptor type is associated with bronchial muscle relaxation? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which receptor type is associated with bronchial muscle relaxation?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: β2

      Explanation:

      β2-adrenoceptors are widely distributed in the respiratory tract. When they are activated, an intracellular response induces the activation of cyclic AMP; this, in turn, produces airway relaxation through phosphorylation of muscle regulatory proteins and modification of cellular Ca2+concentrations.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - The spinothalamic tracts are particularly concerned with… ...

    Incorrect

    • The spinothalamic tracts are particularly concerned with…

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Pain and temperature sensations

      Explanation:

      The spinothalamic tracts are ascending or sensory tracts, responsible for transmission of pain and temperature.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - Which substance has the lowest taste threshold concentration, in other words which substance...

    Incorrect

    • Which substance has the lowest taste threshold concentration, in other words which substance can be present in the lowest concentration before taste buds will respond?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Strychnine hydrochloride (bitter)

      Explanation:

      The lowest concentration of a gustatory stimulus to which the taste buds respond is considered to be the threshold concentration for that substance. The threshold concentration for strychnine is 0.0001 mm; this is because it allows the body to detect potentially dangerous substances (bitter plant components) at lower concentrations.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - The consensual light reflex is co-ordinated mainly in the: ...

    Incorrect

    • The consensual light reflex is co-ordinated mainly in the:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Edinger-Westphal nucleus

      Explanation:

      The consensual light reflex occurs when an individual’s right eye is shielded and light shines into the left eye, constriction of the right pupil will occur, as well as the left. This is because the afferent signal sent through one optic nerve connects to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, whose axons run to both the right and the left oculomotor nerves.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - The choroid plexus: ...

    Incorrect

    • The choroid plexus:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: All are true

      Explanation:

      The choroid plexus is a vascular structure found in all cerebral ventricles. The functional unit of the choroid plexus, composed of a capillary, enveloped by a layer of differentiated ependymal epithelium. Unlike the capillaries that form the blood-brain barrier, choroid plexus capillaries are fenestrated and have no tight junctions. The endothelium, therefore, does not form a barrier to the movement of small molecules. Instead, the blood-CSF barrier at the choroid plexus is formed by the epithelial cells and the tight junctions that link them.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - The neurotransmitter utilised by the Purkinje cells is: ...

    Incorrect

    • The neurotransmitter utilised by the Purkinje cells is:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: GABA

      Explanation:

      The cerebellar cortex consist of 3 layers: the molecular layer, the granular cell layer and the Purkinje cell layer. Purkinje cells play a fundamental role in controlling motor movement. They release a neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) which exerts inhibitory actions thereby reducing transmission of impulses. These inhibitory functions enable purkinje cells to regulate and coordinate motor movements.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - What is found in the posterior cavity of the eye? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is found in the posterior cavity of the eye?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Vitreous humor

      Explanation:

      The eye ball contains an anterior cavity and a posterior cavity. The anterior cavity once again is divided into the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The anterior cavity is filled with aqueous humor whereas the posterior cavity contains vitreous humor.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - The primary sensory cortex is: ...

    Incorrect

    • The primary sensory cortex is:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Brodmann area 3,1,2

      Explanation:

      A Brodmann area in the brain is defined by cytoarchitecture, histology and organization of cells:
      Primary somatosensory cortex is areas 3,1, and 2
      Primary Motor 4
      Premotor 6
      Primary Visual 17
      Primary Auditory 41
      Brocas 44

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Neuro-anatomy (5/6) 83%
Passmed
Retry this test Dashboard