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  • Question 1 - In a hypertensive patient with secondary hyperaldosteronism, aldosterone is released mainly in response...

    Correct

    • In a hypertensive patient with secondary hyperaldosteronism, aldosterone is released mainly in response to:

      Your Answer: Angiotensin II

      Explanation:

      Secondary hyperaldosteronism in hypertension is either due to primary renin overproduction by the kidneys or renin overproduction secondary to decreased renal blood flow. The main stimulus for aldosterone release are adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), angiotensin II and high plasma K+ levels. Low plasma Na+ might also stimulate the adrenal cortex. Fluid overload will reduce aldosterone secretion. Atrial natriuretic peptide is secreted under conditions of expanded extracellular volume and will not lead to aldosterone secretion.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Physiology
      3.6
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which of the following will be a seen in a patient with a...

    Correct

    • Which of the following will be a seen in a patient with a plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level of 14 mU/l (normal < 5 mU/l) and a low T3 resin uptake of 19% (normal 25–35%)?

      Your Answer: Periorbital swelling and lethargy

      Explanation:

      Low T3 resin uptake combined with raised TSH is indicative of hypothyroidism. Signs and symptoms include dull expression, facial puffiness, lethargy, periorbital swelling due to infiltration with mucopolysaccharides, bradycardia and cold intolerance. Anxiety, palpitations, tachycardia, raised body temperature, heat intolerance and weight loss are all seen in hyperthyroidism.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Physiology
      6.5
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Which of the following causes the maximum increase in the secretion of antidiuretic...

    Correct

    • Which of the following causes the maximum increase in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

      Your Answer: Increased plasma osmolarity

      Explanation:

      The most potent stimulus for ADH release is increased plasma osmolarity. Decreased plasma volume is a less potent stimulus in comparison. However, decrease blood volume and arterial pressure due to severe haemorrhage does lead to ADH secretion. Hypothalamic releasing factors do not control the release of posterior pituitary hormones ADH and oxytocin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Physiology
      6.1
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which of the following is likely to induce secretion of glucagon? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is likely to induce secretion of glucagon?

      Your Answer: Low serum concentration of glucose

      Explanation:

      The most potent stimulus for secretion of glucagon is hypoglycaemia whereas hyperglycaemia is a stimulus for insulin release. Glucagon secretion also occurs in response to high levels of amino acids. Somatostatin inhibits glucagon secretion. Parasympathetic stimulation increases pancreatic acinar secretion, but not of α-cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Physiology
      4.1
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - A brain tumour causing blockage of the hypophyseal portal system is likely to...

    Correct

    • A brain tumour causing blockage of the hypophyseal portal system is likely to result in an increased secretion of which of the following hormones?

      Your Answer: Prolactin

      Explanation:

      The hypophyseal portal system links the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary. With the help of this system, the anterior pituitary receives releasing and inhibitory hormones from the hypothalamus and regulates the action of other endocrine glands. One of the inhibitory hormones carried by this system is the prolactin-inhibitory hormone. In the absence of this hormone which might occur in case of a blockage of the system, prolactin secretion increases to about three times normal levels.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Physiology
      5.5
      Seconds

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Endocrinology (5/5) 100%
Physiology (5/5) 100%
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