00
Correct
00
Incorrect
00 : 00 : 00
Session Time
00 : 00
Average Question Time ( Secs)
Retry this test Dashboard

  • Question 1 - What percentage of children does delayed puberty occur in? ...

    Correct

    • What percentage of children does delayed puberty occur in?

      Your Answer: 3%

      Explanation:

      Delayed puberty is defined as the absence of breast development in girls beyond the age of 13, and the absence of testicular development in boys beyond the age of 14. The incidence of delayed puberty is 3%, with the condition being more common in boys.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0.8
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A 32 year old woman with a 6 month history of fatigue and...

    Correct

    • A 32 year old woman with a 6 month history of fatigue and some weight gain reports to clinic for a review. Her medical records show evidence of hypothyroidism. On examination, a non tender, hard goitre is palpated. Further tests reveal elevated anti TPO (anti thyroid peroxidase) and anti -Tg (anti thyroglobulin). Which of the following conditions is most likely to present like this?

      Your Answer: Hashimoto's

      Explanation:

      The case presented points to a diagnosis of an autoimmune thyroiditis leading to hypothyroidism. The most common form of autoimmune hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s, often presents with a goitre, positive for antibody tests against thyroid components i.e. anti-TPO and anti-thyroglobulin. Graves disease and toxic diffuse goitre are more likely to cause hyperthyroidism. While De-Quervain’s and endemic goitre may cause hypothyroidism, they don’t result in positive antibody tests.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      33.1
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - What is the definition of premature menopause? ...

    Correct

    • What is the definition of premature menopause?

      Your Answer: Menopause at or before 40 years of age

      Explanation:

      Menopause is defined as the cessation of menstruation for a period of 12 months. Premature menopause is defined as cessation of menstruation before the age of 40.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      16.2
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Prognathism and macroglossia are features of which of the following? ...

    Incorrect

    • Prognathism and macroglossia are features of which of the following?

      Your Answer: Down's syndrome

      Correct Answer: Acromegaly

      Explanation:

      These are features of excess growth hormone i.e. Acromegaly. Down’s and Cri du chat typically cause Micrognathia (small jaw)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      28.5
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - A patient with amenorrhoea is seen in clinic. History and examination reveal the...

    Incorrect

    • A patient with amenorrhoea is seen in clinic. History and examination reveal the patient runs 10-20 miles every day and her BMI is 17.8. Which of the following is likely to explain her symptoms?

      Your Answer: WHO type IV Ovulation Disorders

      Correct Answer: WHO type I Ovulation Disorders

      Explanation:

      World Health Organization (WHO) Group I ovulation disorder is due to hypothalamic pituitary failure. This is sometimes termed hypothalamic amenorrhoea or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Women can improve frequency of ovulation, conception and an uncomplicated pregnancy by increasing their body weight (if BMI of <19) and/or moderating their exercise levels (if they undertake high levels of exercise). GnRH and LH may be administered in these patients. PCOS falls under type II ovulation disorders. WHO Group III ovulation disorder is due to ovarian failure.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      46.7
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Placental production of hPL, hCG, Oestrogen and Progesterone are examples of which type...

    Correct

    • Placental production of hPL, hCG, Oestrogen and Progesterone are examples of which type of mechanism

      Your Answer: Endocrine

      Explanation:

      Endocrine hormones are released from their site of origin and travel through the blood to act on other distant target organs. Autocrine hormones act within the same cell and exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      19.9
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Beta and Delta Thalassemia are associated with abnormalities to which chromosome ...

    Incorrect

    • Beta and Delta Thalassemia are associated with abnormalities to which chromosome

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Chromosome 11

      Explanation:

      Fetal haemoglobin (HBF) is the main haemoglobin type in the foetus and persists after birth for around 6 months. Fetal haemoglobin is composed of two alpha and two gamma subunits The alpha globulin chain is coded for by genes on Chromosome 16. Alpha Thalassemia are therefore associated with Chromosome16 defects The beta and delta globulin chains are coded for by genes on Chromosome 11. Beta and Delta Thalassemia are therefore associated with Chromosome 11 Defects

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - What is the definition of puberty in girls? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the definition of puberty in girls?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Becoming capable of sexual reproduction

      Explanation:

      Puberty is the process of reproductive and sexual development and the maturation which changes a child into an adult.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - All of the following organs are involved in oestrogen production except: ...

    Incorrect

    • All of the following organs are involved in oestrogen production except:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Anterior pituitary

      Explanation:

      Oestrogen can be produced by variety of organs including the corpus leuteum, placenta, adrenal glands and testes. However it is not produced by the anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary produces LH and FSH which in turn causes oestrogen secretion.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which of the following drugs is associated with reduced milk production whilst breastfeeding?...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following drugs is associated with reduced milk production whilst breastfeeding?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Cabergoline

      Explanation:

      Domperidone and metoclopramide are D2 dopamine receptor antagonists. They are primarily used to promote gastric motility. They are also known as galactagogues and they promote the production of milk. Cabergoline and bromocriptine are prolactin inhibitors and they reduce milk production.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Maternal blood flow through the uterine artery at term is approximately ...

    Incorrect

    • Maternal blood flow through the uterine artery at term is approximately

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 750ml/min

      Explanation:

      Uterine blood flow increases 40-fold to approximately 700 mL/min at term, with 80 per cent of the blood distributed to the intervillous spaces of the placentae, and 20 per cent to the uterine myometrium.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Which major hormone of pregnancy is produced by the placenta from 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulphate...

    Incorrect

    • Which major hormone of pregnancy is produced by the placenta from 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (16-OH DHEAS)?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Estriol

      Explanation:

      The placenta produces Estriol from 16-OH DHEAS. Estriol is the major oestrogen (oestrogen) of pregnancy and the placenta is the primary site of production. Pregnenolone is synthesised by the placenta from cholesterol and this is converted to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the fetal adrenal gland

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - Which of the following drugs is most appropriate to use to stimulate lactation?...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following drugs is most appropriate to use to stimulate lactation?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Domperidone

      Explanation:

      Domperidone and metoclopramide are D2 dopamine receptor antagonists. They are primarily used to promote gastric motility. They are also known as galactagogues and they promote the production of milk. Cabergoline and bromocriptine are prolactin inhibitors and they reduce milk production.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Where is fetal DHEA produced? ...

    Incorrect

    • Where is fetal DHEA produced?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Adrenals

      Explanation:

      Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone synthesised from cholesterol (via Pregnenolone) by the adrenal glands. The foetus manufactures DHEA, which stimulates the placenta to form oestrogen, thus keeping a pregnancy going. Production of DHEA stops at birth, then begins again around age seven and peaks when a person is in their mid-20s

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - At ovulation the surge in LH causes rupture of the mature oocyte via...

    Incorrect

    • At ovulation the surge in LH causes rupture of the mature oocyte via action on what?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Theca externa

      Explanation:

      The luteinizing hormone (LH) surge during ovulation causes: Increases cAMP resulting in increased progesterone and PGF2 production PGF2 causes contraction of theca externa smooth muscle cells resulting in rupture of the mature oocyte

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - Where is fetal DHEA produced? ...

    Incorrect

    • Where is fetal DHEA produced?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Adrenals

      Explanation:

      DHEA is formed in the mother’s adrenal gland as well as the fetal adrenal glands. These weak androgens are transported by the blood to the placenta and are converted into oestradiol, estrone and estriol in the trophoblast.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which of the following is the primary stimulator of uterine involution following child...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is the primary stimulator of uterine involution following child birth?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Oxytocin

      Explanation:

      Oxytocin is the primary stimulus for uterine involution following childbirth.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Aromatase is key to Oestradiol production in the ovaries. Which of the following...

    Incorrect

    • Aromatase is key to Oestradiol production in the ovaries. Which of the following statements is true?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: FSH induces the granulosa cells to make aromatase

      Explanation:

      The two main cell types of the ovaries:
      1. The theca cells produce androgen in the form of androstenedione. The theca cells are not able to convert androgen to oestradiol themselves. The produced androgen is therefore taken up by granulosa cells.
      2. The neighbouring granulosa cells then convert the androgen into oestradiol under the enzymatic action of aromatase FSH induces the granulosa cells to produce aromatase for this purpose

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - All the following hormones are products of placental synthesis, EXCEPT: ...

    Incorrect

    • All the following hormones are products of placental synthesis, EXCEPT:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Prolactin

      Explanation:

      The metabolic adaptations of pregnancy are orchestrated by hormones produced by the placenta and maternal pituitary gland, which undergo dramatic changes during gestation. After involution of ovarian sex steroid production by wk 6, placental oestrogen and progesterone production increases exponentially to term. Concurrently, there are progressive increases in prolactin (PRL), produced by the maternal pituitary gland and decidua, and human chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH, also called human placental lactogen), which has structural similarities to GH and PRL.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - The source of progesterone that maintains the pregnancy during early 1st trimester: ...

    Incorrect

    • The source of progesterone that maintains the pregnancy during early 1st trimester:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Corpus luteum

      Explanation:

      In early pregnancy Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum.. This organ is fundamental for pregnancy maintenance until the placenta (syncytiotrophoblast) takes over its function at the 7-9th week of gestation, just after the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens is suppressed in extra-embryonic fetal tissue.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - Which of the following Oestrogens (Oestrogens) becomes the predominant circulating oestrogen during pregnancy?...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following Oestrogens (Oestrogens) becomes the predominant circulating oestrogen during pregnancy?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Estriol

      Explanation:

      The 3 main oestrogens are Estrone (E1) Oestradiol (E2) and Estriol (E3). Oestradiol is the predominant oestrogen during female reproductive years except during the early follicular phase when Estrone predominates. During pregnancy Estriol levels rise significantly and this becomes the dominant oestrogen during pregnancy. Ethinylestradiol and Mestranol are oestrogen found in COCP’s

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - Which of the following statements regarding prolactin is true? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following statements regarding prolactin is true?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Prolactin levels increase during stress

      Explanation:

      Causes of Hyperprolactinemia: Prolactinomas, Medication (phenothiazines, metoclopramide, risperidone, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, oestrogens, verapamil), Stress, Pregnancy, Hypothyroidism, Kidney disease, Chest trauma

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - DHEA is synthesized from which molecule? ...

    Incorrect

    • DHEA is synthesized from which molecule?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Cholesterol

      Explanation:

      Dehydroepiandrosterone is an androgen precursor produced primarily by the adrenal glands in women. The steroid hormone is produced from cholesterol at birth by the fetal adrenal glands, after which its output reduces. DHEA production picks up again from the age of 5-7 years and peaks between the ages of 20-30.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - Oestrogen have all of the following actions, EXCEPT: ...

    Incorrect

    • Oestrogen have all of the following actions, EXCEPT:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Prevention of thrombosis

      Explanation:

      The properties of oestrogen:
      Structure: Stimulates endometrial growth, maintenance of vessels and skin,
      reduces bone resorption, increases bone formation, increases uterine growth
      Protein synthesis: Increases hepatic synthesis of binding proteins
      Coagulation: Increases circulating levels of factors II, VII, IX, X, antithrombin III and plasminogen; increases platelet adhesiveness
      Lipid: Increases HDL and reduces LDL,increases triglycerides, reduces
      ketone formation, increases fat deposition
      Fluid balance: Salt and water retention
      Gastrointestinal: Reduces bowel motility, increases cholesterol in bile

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) is structurally similar to which of the following hormones?...

    Incorrect

    • Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) is structurally similar to which of the following hormones?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

      Explanation:

      TSH, FSH, LH and HCG are all similar glycoproteins. These hormones consist of a common α-subunit and specific β-subunit. All are glycosylated, which determines their bioactivity and half-life.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - The following hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, EXCEPT: ...

    Incorrect

    • The following hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, EXCEPT:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: HCG

      Explanation:

      The following hormones are excreted from the anterior pituitary gland: TSH, GN, ACTH, LH, FSH, MSH, PRL.
      Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a placental hormone secreted by syncitiotrophoblasts during the second week of gestation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - You review a 58 year old patient in clinic. She asks what the...

    Incorrect

    • You review a 58 year old patient in clinic. She asks what the results of her recent DEXA scan are. You note her hip BMD hip T-score is -1.4. You note she has a history of olecranon fracture 4 years ago. What is her classification according to WHO criteria?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Osteopenia

      Explanation:

      Her T-score puts her in the osteopenic range. The presence of fragility fractures is more important in the osteoporotic patient. Olecranon fracture is not a typical fragility fracture.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - All of the following are autosomal recessive conditions EXCEPT which one? ...

    Incorrect

    • All of the following are autosomal recessive conditions EXCEPT which one?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Osteogenesis Imperfecta

      Explanation:

      Osteogenesis imperfect is an autosomal dominant condition. All the rest of the options are autosomal recessive conditions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the release of: ...

    Incorrect

    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the release of:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Luteinizing hormone

      Explanation:

      Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - Which of the following is the primary stimulator of uterine involution following child...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is the primary stimulator of uterine involution following child birth?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Oxytocin

      Explanation:

      Oxytocin stimulates the myoepithelial cells in the breast causing the milk production. It also helps augment contractions in labour and cause uterine involution after childbirth.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Endocrinology (4/6) 67%
Passmed
Retry this test Dashboard