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Question 1
Incorrect
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The pathogen in variant Creutzfeldt Jacobs disease is an example of a:
Your Answer: Parasite
Correct Answer: Prion
Explanation:Types of Creutzfeldt Jacobs Disease (CJD) include:1. variant – This is thought to be caused by the consumption of food contaminated with prions, which also cause BSE.2. sporadic – This accounts for 85% of cases of CJD. 3. familial – This accounts for the majority of the other 15% cases of CJD.4. iatrogenic – This form of CJD arises from contamination with tissue from an infected person, usually as the result of a medical procedure.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 2
Correct
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In the life cycle of plasmodium species:
Your Answer: Merozoites are released from the liver and enter the red blood cell
Explanation:Plasmodium is a genus of parasitic protozoa, many of which cause malaria in their hosts. The parasite always has two hosts in its life cycle: a Dipteran insect host and a vertebrate host. Sexual reproduction always occurs in the insect, making it the definitive host.The life-cycles of Plasmodium species involve several different stages both in the insect and the vertebrate host. These stages include sporozoites, which are injected by the insect vector into the vertebrate host’s blood. Sporozoites infect the host liver, giving rise to merozoites and (in some species) hypnozoites. These move into the blood where they infect red blood cells. In the red blood cells, the parasites can either form more merozoites to infect more red blood cells, or produce gametocytes which are taken up by insects which feed on the vertebrate host. In the insect host, gametocytes merge to sexually reproduce. After sexual reproduction, parasites grow into new sporozoites, which move to the insect’s salivary glands, from which they can infect a vertebrate host bitten by the insect.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 3
Correct
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Which of the following statements are true regarding human herpesvirus eight
Your Answer: It is sexually transmitted.
Explanation:Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the eighth human herpesvirus or HHV-8. This virus causes Kaposi’s sarcoma, a cancer commonly occurring in AIDS patients, as well as primary effusion lymphoma and some types of multicentric Castleman’s disease. It is one of seven currently known human cancer viruses, or oncoviruses. The mechanisms by which the virus is contracted are not well understood. Healthy individuals can be infected with the virus and show no signs or symptoms, due to the immune system’s ability to keep the infection in check. Infection is of particular concern to the immunosuppressed. Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, AIDS patients and organ transplant patients are all at a high risk of showing signs of infection. The virus is sexually transmitted.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 4
Correct
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Which of the following pairing is correct:
Your Answer: Herpes simplex type I and herpes encephalitis
Explanation:Herpes simplex virus is likely the most common cause of Mollaret’s meningitis, and, in worse case scenarios, can lead to a potentially fatal case of herpes simplex encephalitis. The eighth human herpesvirus or HHV-8 causes Kaposi’s sarcoma and Herpes simplex type 2 is responsible for most primary genital herpes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 5
Correct
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Which one of the following diseases is correctly matched with the animal reservoir:
Your Answer: Leptospirosis = Rats
Explanation:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease = consuming beef or beef products.Brucellosis = ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals.Leptospirosis is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents.Lyme disease is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks of the Ixodes genus.Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and spread by the bite of certain types of sandflies.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 6
Correct
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Protozoa is part of which pathogenic group?
Your Answer: Eukaryotes
Explanation:Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms. Historically, protozoa were defined as single-celled organisms with animal-like behaviours, such as motility and predation.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Which of the following best describe N. Meningitides?
Your Answer: Gram positive cocci
Correct Answer: Gram negative cocci
Explanation:Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gram negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcaemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. About 10% of adults are carriers of the bacteria in their nasopharynx.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 8
Correct
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Which of the following diseases have antibodies available for treatment of the condition.
Your Answer: None of these
Explanation:There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. Recovery from symptoms following infection may be slow and may take several weeks or months. The hepatitis A vaccine is effective for prevention and appears to be effective for life.Acute hepatitis B infection does not usually require treatment and most adults clear the infection spontaneously. Early antiviral treatment may be required in fewer than 1% of people, whose infection takes a very aggressive course (fulminant hepatitis) or who are immunocompromised. Although none of the available drugs can clear the infection, they can stop the virus from replicating, thus minimizing liver damage.There is no specific treatment for measles. Most people with uncomplicated measles will recover with rest and supportive treatment. In developed countries, children are immunized against measles at 12 months, generally as part of a three-part MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella). The vaccination is generally not given before this age because such infants respond inadequately to the vaccine due to an immature immune system. Treatment after rabies exposure can prevent the disease if administered promptly, generally within 10 days of infection. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention recommends people receive one dose of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) and four doses of rabies vaccine over a 14-day period.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 9
Correct
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Which of the following statements regarding influenza virus is correct?
Your Answer: Influenza is a RNA virus
Explanation:The Orthomyxoviruses are a family of RNA viruses that includes six genera: Influenza virus A, Influenza virus B, Influenza virus C, Isavirus, Thogotovirus and Quaranjavirus.The mechanism of the evolutionary force of antigenic shift allows influenza viruses to exchange genes with strains that infect different species. Under this mechanism, a human influenza virus could exchange genes with an avian strain, and that is how pandemic strains arise.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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Question 10
Correct
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Live active or attenuated vaccines:
Your Answer: Side effect may be egg hypersensitivity
Explanation:Live attenuated vaccines consist of a weakened form of the virus itself and have both advantages and disadvantages. Although they can exert an excellent immune response, potential risks exist. One such concern is the risk of reversion to a more virulent strain of virus. They are easily damaged or destroyed by heat and light, making it even more important that they be stored and refrigerated with care. Live vaccines are not given to immunocompromised persons. A few live vaccines against viruses include: oral polio, measles, mumps, rubella, rota virus and yellow fever. Eggs are used to produce Measles- mumps- rubella vaccine (MMR) and thus hypersensitivity may occur.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medicine
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
