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  • Question 1 - The round ligament develops from which structure? ...

    Correct

    • The round ligament develops from which structure?

      Your Answer: Gubernaculum

      Explanation:

      The round ligament is a remnant of the gubernaculum in females. In males it persists as the scrotal ligament.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      94
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Pelvic ligaments can change at term resulting in? ...

    Correct

    • Pelvic ligaments can change at term resulting in?

      Your Answer: Enlargement of the pelvic cavity

      Explanation:

      The pelvis is supported by a variety of ligaments. At term, these ligaments allow for variation in its structure such that the overall size of the pelvic cavity is increased in order to accommodate the upcoming foetus into the cavity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      42.4
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Regarding the urinary bladder, what type of epithelium lines it? ...

    Correct

    • Regarding the urinary bladder, what type of epithelium lines it?

      Your Answer: Transitional

      Explanation:

      The urinary bladder, and most of the urinary structures are lined by epithelium called the urothelium, or the transitional epithelium. This stratified lining is divided into three parts, an apical layer, an intermediate layer and a basal layer. The transitional epithelium is available to stretch to accommodate the increased volume when the bladder is distended, without structural damage.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      63.1
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Regarding the foetus, which one of the following statements is true? ...

    Correct

    • Regarding the foetus, which one of the following statements is true?

      Your Answer: Fetal lie describes the long axis of the foetus to the long axis of the mother

      Explanation:

      Fetal lie describes the relationship of the long axis of the foetus with respect to the long axis of the mother.
      Coronal suture is the transverse suture separating the parietal bone from the frontal bone.
      Umbilical cord is composed of two arteries and one vein. the vein carries the oxygenated blood, whereas the arteries contain the deoxygenated blood.
      At the time of birth, the anterior fontanelle is open and appears as a soft jelly like structure.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      37.7
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - The median umbilical ligament is a remnant of what structure? ...

    Correct

    • The median umbilical ligament is a remnant of what structure?

      Your Answer: Urachus

      Explanation:

      MEDIAL umbilical ligament = remnant fetal umbilical arteries
      MEDIAN umbilical ligament = remnant of urachus

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      13.5
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) lies within which part of the kidney? ...

    Correct

    • The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) lies within which part of the kidney?

      Your Answer: Renal Cortex

      Explanation:

      The juxtaglomerular apparatus is the main site for the production of renin. It plays an important role in the regulation of the blood pressure. These structures are mainly located in the cortex of the kidneys.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      49.3
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - How many seminiferous tubules would you typically expect to find in a testicular...

    Correct

    • How many seminiferous tubules would you typically expect to find in a testicular lobule?

      Your Answer: 2

      Explanation:

      There are between 250 and 400 lobules in each testis. The lobule is a structural unit of the testis with each lobule contained in one of the intervals between fibrous septa which extend between the mediastinum testis and the tunica albuginea. Each lobule contains 1 to 3 seminiferous tubules.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      100.9
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet?

      Your Answer: pubic tubercle

      Correct Answer: pubic arch

      Explanation:

      Pelvic Outlet Boundaries Anteriorly: Pubic arch Laterally: Ischial tuberosities Posterolaterally: Inferior margin of the sacrotuberous ligament Posteriorly: Tip of the coccyx Note: The pelvis outlet is also called the inferior aperture. The pelvic brim is the superior aperture

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      29.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does...

    Correct

    • A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the left ovary drain into?

      Your Answer: Left renal

      Explanation:

      The right ovarian vein ascends and enters the inferior vena cava and the left ovarian vein drains into the longer left renal vein.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      66.6
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Regarding lymph drainage of the ovary where does the majority of lymph drain...

    Correct

    • Regarding lymph drainage of the ovary where does the majority of lymph drain to?

      Your Answer: para-aortic nodes

      Explanation:

      Majority of the lymph from the ovaries drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      49.3
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Presence of which one of the following features at term makes spontaneous delivery...

    Incorrect

    • Presence of which one of the following features at term makes spontaneous delivery incompatible?

      Your Answer: Mentum anterior

      Correct Answer: Mentum posterior

      Explanation:

      When face presentation is diagnosed, around 60% of cases are in the mentum anterior position, 25% are mentum posterior and 15% are mentum transverse; most malpositions rotate spontaneously into mentum anterior. A vaginal birth at term is possible only if the foetus is in the mentum anterior position.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      49.2
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - During the filling phase of micturition. At what bladder volume is the first...

    Correct

    • During the filling phase of micturition. At what bladder volume is the first urge to void felt?

      Your Answer: 150ml

      Explanation:

      The normal functional bladder capacity is around 400-600ml. First urge to void is typically felt when the bladder is approximately 150ml full.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      12.3
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet? ...

    Correct

    • What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet?

      Your Answer: pubic arch

      Explanation:

      The pelvic outlet is bounded anteriorly by the inferior border of the pubic arch, posteriorly by the sacrotuberous ligament and the tip of the coccyx and laterally by the ischial tuberosities.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      9.6
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Sensory supply to the clitoris is via branches of which nerve? ...

    Incorrect

    • Sensory supply to the clitoris is via branches of which nerve?

      Your Answer: Superior rectal

      Correct Answer: Pudendal nerve

      Explanation:

      The Pudendal nerve divides into inferior rectal, perineal and dorsal nerve of the clitoris (or penis in males). The dorsal nerve of clitoris supplies sensory innervation to the clitoris. The perineal branch supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the labia majora and minora and the vestibule.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      155.5
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - The inferior 1/3 of the rectum is principally supplied by which artery? ...

    Incorrect

    • The inferior 1/3 of the rectum is principally supplied by which artery?

      Your Answer: Superior rectal artery

      Correct Answer: Middle rectal artery

      Explanation:

      Remember the inferior rectal artery supplies the anus. The middle rectal artery is the principle supply to the lower 1/3 rectum. The rectal arteries do form an anastomosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      38.4
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - Which of the following statements regarding the vaginal artery is typically TRUE? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following statements regarding the vaginal artery is typically TRUE?

      Your Answer: It arises from the Abdominal Aorta

      Correct Answer: It arises from the Internal iliac artery

      Explanation:

      The vaginal artery is the homolog to the inferior vesical artery in males. In most of the cases it arises from the internal iliac artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      58.1
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to...

    Correct

    • You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to the proximal medial thigh following abdominal hysterectomy. You suspect genitofemoral nerve injury. What spinal segment(s) is the genitofemoral nerve derived from?

      Your Answer: L1,L2

      Explanation:

      The genitofemoral nerves takes its origin from the L1 and L2 spinal segments.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      18
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Regarding the structure of the detrusor muscle. Which of the following is true?...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the structure of the detrusor muscle. Which of the following is true?

      Your Answer: The detrusor is a single layer consisting of both circular and longitudinal muscle fibres

      Correct Answer: The detrusor is divided into 3 layers consisting of inner and outer layers of longitudinal smooth muscle with a middle circular smooth muscle layer

      Explanation:

      The urinary bladder is composed of the transitional epithelium, followed by the lamina propria made up of the fibroelastic connective tissue. The muscularis layer covers the lamina propria which is made up of three poorly defined layers of smooth muscles; the inner longitudinal, middle circular and the outer longitudinal layer. The bladder is covered on the superior surface and the lateral surface by the peritoneum.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      100.1
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - In which one of the following positions does hyperextension of the fetal head...

    Incorrect

    • In which one of the following positions does hyperextension of the fetal head occur?

      Your Answer: Breach presentation

      Correct Answer: Face presentation

      Explanation:

      Face presentation is the abnormal position of the fetal head in labour. In this position the neck is hyperextended.
      Vertex position is the normal presentation of the foetus for delivery, in which the head is flexed and the position of the chin is towards the chest.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      121.4
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - What is the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch?

      Your Answer: Sphincter urethrae

      Correct Answer: Perineal membrane

      Explanation:

      The perineal membrane (also known as the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm) separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches i.e. it is the inferior border of the deep pouch and superior border of the superficial pouch. The deep perineal pouch is the space therefore between superior and inferior layers of the urogenital diaphragm The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is the superior border

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      25.9
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - You are asked to assess a patients perineal tear following labour by vaginal...

    Incorrect

    • You are asked to assess a patients perineal tear following labour by vaginal delivery. You note a laceration that extends through the vaginal mucosa into the perineal muscle and fascia. The external anal sphincter appears to be in tact. How would you classify this tear?

      Your Answer: 4th

      Correct Answer: 2nd

      Explanation:

      If the external anal sphincter is in tact then this is a 1st or 2nd degree tear. As the perineal muscles are involved this is 2nd degree tear.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      54.2
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - Lymph drainage from the bladder is via which nodes? ...

    Correct

    • Lymph drainage from the bladder is via which nodes?

      Your Answer: External, Internal and Common iliac nodes

      Explanation:

      Lymphatic drainage of the bladder is to the common iliac nodes via the internal iliac nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      47
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by? ...

    Incorrect

    • Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by?

      Your Answer: Sympathetic Fibres L3,L4,L5

      Correct Answer: Sympathetic Fibres L1,L2

      Explanation:

      Remember SYMPATHETIC is STORAGE PARASYMPATHETIC is PEEING

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      53.7
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - During vertex presentation, the position is determined by relationship of which part of...

    Incorrect

    • During vertex presentation, the position is determined by relationship of which part of the fetal vertex to the mother's pelvis?

      Your Answer: Sinciput

      Correct Answer: Occiput

      Explanation:

      A cephalic presentation is the one where head of the foetus enters the pelvic cavity at the time of delivery. The commonest form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation in which the occiput of the foetus enters the birth canal.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      1016.3
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to...

    Incorrect

    • Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to be contracted?

      Your Answer: The mother is short

      Correct Answer:

      Explanation:

      Contracted pelvis occurs when one or more of its diameters is reduced so that it interferes with the normal mechanism of labour. A transverse diameter below 11 cm will result in difficult delivery of the foetus and C-section will be the better option in that case

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      104.1
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - The femoral triangle is bounded medially by which of the following structures? ...

    Incorrect

    • The femoral triangle is bounded medially by which of the following structures?

      Your Answer: Inguinal ligament

      Correct Answer: Adductor longus

      Explanation:

      The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament which forms the base of the triangle, medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus and laterally by the sartorius muscle.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      93.6
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - Which of the following nerves passes through the inguinal canal? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following nerves passes through the inguinal canal?

      Your Answer: Ilioinguinal nerve

      Explanation:

      The contents of the inguinal canal is the ilioinguinal nerves, the round ligament of uterus in the females and the spermatic cord with its contents in males.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      19.2
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - After a vaginal delivery, a patient suffers a perineal tear. On examination the...

    Incorrect

    • After a vaginal delivery, a patient suffers a perineal tear. On examination the laceration involves the external anal sphincter and has partially torn the internal anal sphincter. Which of the following classifies this tear?

      Your Answer: 4th

      Correct Answer: 3c

      Explanation:

      During childbearing the vagina and perineum are prone to lacerations that may involve the skin or can extend into the anal sphincter complex. It is important to be able to identify obstetric and anal sphincter injuries to provide adequate care and prevent complications. In the classification of obstetric tears according to RCOG guidelines:

      First degree tear: injury to the perineal skin and/or the vaginal mucosa
      Second degree tears: Injury to perineum involving perineal muscles but not the anal sphincter.
      Third-degree tear: Injury to perineum involving the anal sphincter complex:
      Grade 3a tear: Less than 50% of external anal sphincter (EAS) thickness torn.
      Grade 3b tear: More than 50% of EAS thickness torn.
      Grade 3c tear: Both EAS and internal anal sphincter (IAS) torn.
      Fourth-degree tear: Injury to perineum involving the anal sphincter complex (EAS and IAS)
      and anorectal mucosa.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      19
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - Which of the following muscles is NOT a constituent of the pelvic floor...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following muscles is NOT a constituent of the pelvic floor (diaphragm)?

      Your Answer: Coccygeus

      Correct Answer: Piriformis

      Explanation:

      The pelvic floor or diaphragm is composed of Coccygeus and Levator Ani. Levitator Ani is composed of 3 muscles: puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeal. Although Piriformis assists in closing the posterior pelvic outlet it is not considered a component of the pelvic floor

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      42.9
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - The typical female breast contains how many lobes? ...

    Incorrect

    • The typical female breast contains how many lobes?

      Your Answer: 5-Sep

      Correct Answer: 15-20

      Explanation:

      The female breast is made of about 15 to 20 individual lobes. The lobules each consists of alveoli which drain into a single lactiferous duct. The ductal system leads to lactiferous sinuses and collecting ducts which expel milk from openings in the nipple.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      45.6
      Seconds

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