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  • Question 1 - Which of the following muscles does NOT receive innervation from the pudendal nerve?...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following muscles does NOT receive innervation from the pudendal nerve?

      Your Answer: External anal sphincter

      Correct Answer: Internal anal sphincter

      Explanation:

      The internal anal sphincter is innervated by the splanchnic nerves. Sympathetic nerve supply from the inferior hypogastric plexus (for contraction) and parasympathetic supply from nervi erigentes (for relaxation).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      9.3
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does...

    Correct

    • A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the left ovary drain into?

      Your Answer: Left renal

      Explanation:

      The right ovarian vein ascends and enters the inferior vena cava and the left ovarian vein drains into the longer left renal vein.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      28.3
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - In which one of the following positions does hyperextension of the fetal head...

    Incorrect

    • In which one of the following positions does hyperextension of the fetal head occur?

      Your Answer: Breach presentation

      Correct Answer: Face presentation

      Explanation:

      Face presentation is the abnormal position of the fetal head in labour. In this position the neck is hyperextended.
      Vertex position is the normal presentation of the foetus for delivery, in which the head is flexed and the position of the chin is towards the chest.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      18.8
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - What is the average anteroposterior distance of the female pelvic outlet? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the average anteroposterior distance of the female pelvic outlet?

      Your Answer: 9 cm

      Correct Answer: 13 cm

      Explanation:

      The pelvic outlet is bounded in front by the lower margin of the symphysis pubis, on each side by the descending ramus of the pubic bone, the ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament, and posteriorly by the last piece of the sacrum. The AP diameter of the pelvic outlet is 13.5 cm and the transverse diameter is 11 cm.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      6.6
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - The uterine vein drains where? ...

    Correct

    • The uterine vein drains where?

      Your Answer: Internal iliac vein

      Explanation:

      The venous drainage of the uterus is via the uterine veins which form a plexus passing below the artery within the base of the broad ligament communicating with the rectal and the vesical venous plexus before draining into the internal iliac veins.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      6.6
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?

      Your Answer: Proximal portion of urethra

      Explanation:

      The deep perineal pouch contains the external urethral sphincter, proximal urethra in females and membranous urethra in males, deep transverse perineal muscles and the glands of cowper.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      10.8
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Sertoli cells contain receptors to which hormone? ...

    Correct

    • Sertoli cells contain receptors to which hormone?

      Your Answer: FSH

      Explanation:

      Sertoli cells contain receptors for FSH. In response to this Sertoli cells synthesize inhibin, androgen binding proteins and anti Mullerian hormone all which are connected to the reproduction cycle.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      243.1
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following takes part in the arterial supply of the ovary?...

    Correct

    • Which of the following takes part in the arterial supply of the ovary?

      Your Answer: Uterine arteries

      Explanation:

      The ovarian arteries, arising from the abdominal aorta and the ascending uterine arteries which are branches of the internal iliac artery all supply the ovaries. They terminate by bifurcating into the ovarian and tubal branches and anastomose with the contralateral branches providing a collateral circulation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      34.9
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - The round ligament develops from which structure? ...

    Correct

    • The round ligament develops from which structure?

      Your Answer: Gubernaculum

      Explanation:

      The round ligament is a remnant of the gubernaculum in females. In males it persists as the scrotal ligament.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      3.9
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by? ...

    Incorrect

    • Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by?

      Your Answer: Sympathetic Fibres S2,S3,S4

      Correct Answer: Sympathetic Fibres L1,L2

      Explanation:

      Remember SYMPATHETIC is STORAGE PARASYMPATHETIC is PEEING

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      34.6
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Regarding molding of the fetal head, which one is true? ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding molding of the fetal head, which one is true?

      Your Answer: Does not happen when the maternal pelvis is adequate

      Correct Answer: Does NOT have time to occur in breech delivery

      Explanation:

      Molding allows the skull bones of the fetal head some mobility during the normal delivery of foetus as the skull changes its shape to accommodate passage through the mothers pelvis. However this does not occur in breach delivery where the skull is in circular shape. Babies born breech typically have craniofacial and limb deformations resulting from their in utero position. These babies characteristically have a long, narrow head, (“dolichocephaly” or “type 1”), with a prominent occipital shelf, redundant skin over the neck, overlapping lambdoidal sutures, and an indentation below their ears (from shoulder compression).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      28.2
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Which two nerves provide the primary cutaneous sensory innervation to the labia majora?...

    Incorrect

    • Which two nerves provide the primary cutaneous sensory innervation to the labia majora?

      Your Answer: Pudendal and perineal

      Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal and pudendal

      Explanation:

      The Pudendal provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior external genitalia via one of its terminal branches called the perineal nerve (this further branches into the posterior labial nerves or posterior scrotal nerve in men). The ilioinguinal nerve provides anterior sensation via the anterior labial nerves (anterior scrotal nerve in men). The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve contributes some fibres to the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora in females. The posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh sometimes overlaps sensory areas.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      18.7
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal...

    Correct

    • What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?

      Your Answer: Ischial Spine

      Explanation:

      The ischial spines and palpable through the vagina and are used as landmarks to assess the decent of the fetal head from the cervix. It also serves as a landmark for giving the pudendal block.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      19.6
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta?

      Your Answer: Ovarian

      Explanation:

      The uterine and vaginal arteries branch from the internal iliac artery. The ovarian artery branches direct from the aorta.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      17.2
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - The arterial blood supply to the bladder is via branches of which artery?...

    Incorrect

    • The arterial blood supply to the bladder is via branches of which artery?

      Your Answer: Internal pudendal

      Correct Answer: Internal Iliac

      Explanation:

      The bladder is supplied by branches of the internal iliac artery, including the superior vesical artery, branches of the gluteal and obturator arteries and the inferior vesical artery in males and the vaginal and the uterine arteries in females.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      13.5
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - You see a patient who is 32 weeks pregnant. She complains of tingling...

    Correct

    • You see a patient who is 32 weeks pregnant. She complains of tingling to the right buttock and shooting pain down the leg. You suspect Piriformis syndrome. Regarding Piriformis which of the following statements are true?

      Your Answer: Insertion is onto the greater trochanter

      Explanation:

      Nerve Supply: L5 to S2 via Nerve to Piriformis
      Origin: Sacrum
      Insertion: Greater trochanter
      Action: External rotation of hip
      Blood Supply: Superior and Inferior gluteal arteries and lateral sacral arteries

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      19
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which one of the following muscles is the most important muscle forming the...

    Correct

    • Which one of the following muscles is the most important muscle forming the pelvic floor?

      Your Answer: Levator ani

      Explanation:

      Levator ani muscle is composed of three different muscles i.e. iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and the puborectalis muscle. It is the main muscle that supports the organs of the pelvic cavity.
      Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus muscles are located in-between the anus and scrotum and play an important role in sexual response in males.
      Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles are located in the perinium and pass in front of the anus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      10.2
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where...

    Incorrect

    • The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?

      Your Answer: Pubis

      Correct Answer: Ilium

      Explanation:

      The arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium just inferior to the iliac fossa. It forms the boundary of the pelvic inlet.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      10.8
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - The external anal sphincter is innervated by which nerves? ...

    Correct

    • The external anal sphincter is innervated by which nerves?

      Your Answer: Inferior rectal

      Explanation:

      The external anal sphincter is innervated by the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2-4) while the internal anal sphincter is innervated by autonomic nerves.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      50.6
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?

      Your Answer: Femoral Nerve

      Correct Answer: Pudendal Nerve

      Explanation:

      The pudendal nerve is formed by sacral nerve roots S2, S3 and S4 almost immediately as they exit the spinal foramina. The pudendal nerve exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, travels behind the sacrospinous ligament before re-entering the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen. It is an important nerve to be aware of as it supplies sensation to the genitalia and can also be damaged/compressed at a number of places along its course. Image sourced from Wikipedia

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      8.9
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - From which of the following spinal segments do both the internal and external...

    Incorrect

    • From which of the following spinal segments do both the internal and external anal sphincters receive their innervation?

      Your Answer: S1

      Correct Answer: S4

      Explanation:

      The anal sphincters are responsible for closing the anal canal to the passage of faeces and flatus. The smooth muscle of the involuntary internal sphincter sustains contraction to prevent the leakage of faeces between bowel movements and is innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which are a branch of the spinal segment 4. The external sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle and can therefore contract and relax voluntarily. Its innervation comes from the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve, and the perineal branch of S4 nerve roots.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      30.7
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains...

    Correct

    • A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains of numbness and groin pain. You assess her and find the numb area is the anterior aspect of the labia. Which nerve has likely been damaged during surgery?

      Your Answer: Ilioinguinal

      Explanation:

      This describes the sensory area supplied by the ilioinguinal nerve. This is a potential complication with pelvic surgery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      86.4
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?

      Your Answer: Pudendal Nerve

      Explanation:

      The pudendal nerve arises from the S2-S4 nerve roots and it lies medial to the internal pudendal artery while exiting the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen. It curves around the sacrospinous ligament and re-enters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen and from there it runs medial to the ischial tuberosity over the obturator internus in the pudendal canal to the deep perineal pouch.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      7.9
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph...

    Correct

    • Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph drain to?

      Your Answer: Para-aortic nodes

      Explanation:

      Lymphatic vessels from the ovaries, joined by vessels from the uterine tubes and most from the fundus of the uterus, follow the ovarian veins as they ascend to the right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      7.3
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - Regarding the rectus sheath which of the following statements are true? ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the rectus sheath which of the following statements are true?

      Your Answer: Below the arcuate line the internal oblique divides into two lamellae

      Correct Answer: Above the arcuate line the internal oblique divides into two lamellae

      Explanation:

      The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosis of the internal and external oblique muscles and the transversus abdominus muscle. The internal oblique divides into two lamellae and encloses the rectus muscle. Anteriorly it fuses with the aponeurosis of the external oblique and posteriorly with that of the transverus abdominus. Below the arcuate line the aponeurosis of all the flat muscles lies anteriorly and posteriorly it is only enclosed by the transveralis fascia.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      31.2
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - Regarding the pelvic outlet, what structure marks the posterior boundary? ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the pelvic outlet, what structure marks the posterior boundary?

      Your Answer: sacral prominence

      Correct Answer: Tip of the coccyx

      Explanation:

      The bony pelvis is made up of a girdle with a central canal. The rim that surrounds the upper opening of the canal is called the pelvic inlet, while the lower rim is the called the pelvic outlet. The pelvic outlet is diamond-shaped and is bounded posteriorly by the tip of the sacrum, and anteriorly by the pubic symphysis, with its lateral boundaries being the ischial tuberosities and the sacrotuberous ligament.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      14.3
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - You are asked to assess a patients perineal tear following labour by vaginal...

    Incorrect

    • You are asked to assess a patients perineal tear following labour by vaginal delivery. You note a laceration that extends approximately a quarter of the thickness through the external anal sphincter. How would you classify this tear?

      Your Answer: 2nd

      Correct Answer: 3a

      Explanation:

      1. First-degree trauma corresponds to lacerations of the skin/vaginal epithelium alone.
      2. Second-degree tears involve perineal muscles and therefore include episiotomies.
      3. Third-degree extensions involve any part of the anal sphincter complex (external and internal sphincters):
      i Less than 50 per cent of the external anal
      sphincter is torn.
      ii More than 50 per cent of the external anal
      sphincter is torn.
      iii Tear involves the internal anal sphincter
      (usually there is complete disruption of the
      external sphincter).
      4. Fourth-degree tears involve injury to the anal sphincter complex extending into the rectal mucosa.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      27
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - If your patient is 8 weeks pregnant which one of the following USS...

    Correct

    • If your patient is 8 weeks pregnant which one of the following USS measurements is most useful?

      Your Answer: Crown rump length

      Explanation:

      Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) is recommended over last menstrual period for estimating GA when measured in early pregnancy i.e. before 9 to 13+6 weeks.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      15.6
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to...

    Incorrect

    • Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to be contracted?

      Your Answer: Pelvic shape is platypelloid

      Correct Answer:

      Explanation:

      Contracted pelvis occurs when one or more of its diameters is reduced so that it interferes with the normal mechanism of labour. A transverse diameter below 11 cm will result in difficult delivery of the foetus and C-section will be the better option in that case

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      35.5
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - The femoral triangle contains all of the following structures EXCEPT which one? ...

    Incorrect

    • The femoral triangle contains all of the following structures EXCEPT which one?

      Your Answer: Saphenofemoral Junction

      Correct Answer: Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

      Explanation:

      The contents of the femoral triangles are femoral nerve, artery and the vein. Along with the femoral sheath and lymphatics.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      12.5
      Seconds

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