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  • Question 1 - Which of the following closely estimates the interstitial oncotic pressure acting on a...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following closely estimates the interstitial oncotic pressure acting on a pulmonary capillary?

      Your Answer: 25 mmHg

      Correct Answer: 17 mmHg

      Explanation:

      The starling forces operate to maintain a homeostatic flow across the pulmonary capillary bed.

      The outward driving force comprises of the capillary hydrostatic pressure (13 mmHg), negative interstitial fluid pressure (zero to slightly negative), and interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (17 mmHg). The inward driving force is controlled by the plasma colloid osmotic pressure (25 mmHg).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      14.3
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - What makes the ultrasound nebulizer efficient? ...

    Incorrect

    • What makes the ultrasound nebulizer efficient?

      Your Answer: Water droplets of size 1 micron

      Correct Answer: Reduction in gas flow resistance

      Explanation:

      Smallest drops reach not only the upper but also the lower respiratory tracks. As a result, the ultrasonic nebulizer is most efficient for the therapy of pulmonary diseases and stands out as a robust and reliable support within the clinical setting.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      27
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Very large SI units are easily expressed using mathematical prefixes.

    One terabyte is equal...

    Incorrect

    • Very large SI units are easily expressed using mathematical prefixes.

      One terabyte is equal to which of the following numbers?

      Your Answer: 1,000,000,000 bytes

      Correct Answer: 1,000,000,000,000 bytes

      Explanation:

      To denote large measured units, the following SI mathematical prefixes are used:

      1 deca = 10 bytes (101)
      1 hecto (h) = 100 bytes
      1 kilo (k)= 1,000 bytes
      1 mega (M) = 1,000,000 bytes
      1 giga (G) = 1,000,000,000 bytes
      1 Tera (T) = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
      1 Peta (P) = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      25.8
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which of the following derived SI units is correctly expressed as their base...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following derived SI units is correctly expressed as their base units?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Volt: m2.kg.s-3.A-1

      Explanation:

      The following units are derived SI units of measurement.

      Energy or work: kg.m2.s-2
      The Joule (J) is the energy transferred to an object when a force of one newton acts on that object in the direction of its motion through a distance of one meter or N.m.

      Power: kg.m2.s-3
      The Watt (W) = rate of transfer of energy or Joule per second J/s.

      Force: kg.m.s-2
      One Newton (N) which is the international unit of measure for force = 1 kilogram meter per second squared. 1 Newton of force is the force required to accelerate an object with a mass of 1 kilogram 1 meter per second per second.

      Volt: kg.m2.s-3.A-1
      The volt (V) is defined as the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power or W/A.

      Pressure: kg.m-1.s-2
      A pascal (Pa) is force per unit area or N/m2.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Suppose the afterload and myocardial contractility remain unchanged, which of the following factors...

    Incorrect

    • Suppose the afterload and myocardial contractility remain unchanged, which of the following factors in the pressure-volume loop indicates an increase in the preload of the left ventricle?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Increased end-diastolic volume

      Explanation:

      If the afterload and myocardiac contractility remains unchanged, an increase in the preload can be attributed to an increase in end-diastolic volume.

      Preload can be defined as the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction. Preload, therefore, is related to muscle sarcomere length. Because sarcomere length cannot be determined in the intact heart, other indices of preload are used such as ventricular end-diastolic volume or pressure. When venous return to the heart is increased, the end-diastolic pressure and volume of the ventricles are increased, which stretches the sarcomeres, thereby increasing their preload.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Many of the processes we deal with in anaesthesia are exponential.

    What is the...

    Incorrect

    • Many of the processes we deal with in anaesthesia are exponential.

      What is the underlying mathematical principle of an exponential process?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: The rate of change of x is dependent on the magnitude of x

      Explanation:

      The magnitude of x determines the rate of change of x. First-order drug kinetics is a good example. Most drugs’ plasma levels are controlled by an exponential process. The rate of change in drug metabolism is proportional to the current plasma concentration (so-called non-linear kinetics).

      A tear-away function is just one type of exponential relationship (y = ex), in which e is Euler’s number, x is the power, and e is the base. Natural logarithms rely on Euler’s number.

      Euler’s number is a mathematical constant, not a mathematical principle. It’s referred to as an irrational number. This is a number that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction or a ratio.

      A line or curve that acts as the limit of another line or curve is known as an asymptote. A washout exponential curve, for example, where the value y represents the plasma concentration of a drug in a single compartment model against time on the x axis. This descending curve approaches but never touches the x axis. This curve is asymptotic to the x axis, which is the curve’s asymptote. An asymptote isn’t just a characteristic of exponential curves.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - The child-Pugh scoring system can be used, if risk classifying a patient with...

    Incorrect

    • The child-Pugh scoring system can be used, if risk classifying a patient with chronic liver disorder earlier to anaesthesia.

      Which one is the best combination of clinical signs and examinations used within the Child-Pugh scoring system?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Ascites, grade of encephalopathy, albumin, bilirubin and INR

      Explanation:

      In the Child-Pugh classification system, the following 5 components are determined or calculated in order:

      Ascites

      Grade of encephalopathy

      Serum bilirubin (?mol/L)

      Serum Albumin (g/L)

      Prothrombin time or INR

      Raised liver enzymes are not the component of the classification system.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Regarding thermocouple, which of the following best describes its properties? ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding thermocouple, which of the following best describes its properties?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: The electromotive force at the measuring junction is proportional to temperature

      Explanation:

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Very small SI units are easily expressed using mathematical prefixes.

    One femtolitre is equal...

    Incorrect

    • Very small SI units are easily expressed using mathematical prefixes.

      One femtolitre is equal to which of the following volumes?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 0.000, 000, 000, 000, 001 L

      Explanation:

      Small measurement units are denoted by the following SI mathematical prefixes:

      1 deci = 0.1
      1 milli = 0.001
      1 micro = 0.000001
      1 nano = 0.000000001
      1 pico = 0.000000000001
      1 femto = 0.000000000000001 (used to measure red blood cell volume)
      1 atto = 0.000000000000000001

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The half-empty cylinder weighs 4.44 kg.
    The tare weight of a nitrous...

    Incorrect

    • The half-empty cylinder weighs 4.44 kg.
      The tare weight of a nitrous oxide cylinder is 4 kg.
      The molecular weight of nitrous oxide is 44gm.

      Based on the data, how many litres of nitrous oxide remains in the cylinder for use?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 224 litres

      Explanation:

      The Tare weight of a cylinder is the weight when it is empty. So,

      Weight of cylinder – tare weight = weight of remaining N2O (g).
      4.44 kg – 4 kg = 0.44 kg
      Here,
      0.44 kg of nitrous oxide remains in the cylinder

      Since the molecular weight of nitrous oxide is 44 g and one mole of an ideal gas will occupy a volume of 22.4 litres at STP
      Therefore amount left in the cylinder is several (gN2O/44) x 22.4 litres of N2O.

      (440/44) x 22.4 = 224 litres.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Basic Physics
      0
      Seconds

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