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Question 1
Incorrect
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Which lymph nodes are likely to be enlarged in a patient who has malignant growth involving the anus?
Your Answer: Internal iliac
Correct Answer: Superficial inguinal
Explanation:The lymphatics from the anus, skin of the perineum and the scrotum end in the superficial inguinal nodes. In case of a malignant growth of the anus, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes would most likely be enlarge.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 2
Correct
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Passing through the lesser sciatic foramen are the:
Your Answer: Pudendal nerve
Explanation:Structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen include:
– the pudendal nerve
– the nerve to obturator internus
– internal pudendal artery
– the tendon of obturator internus
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 3
Correct
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What forms the pelvic diaphragm?
Your Answer: Levator ani and coccygeus muscles
Explanation:The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the levator ani and the coccygeus muscles. The levator ani forms the greater part of the pelvic floor supporting the viscera in the pelvic cavity.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 4
Correct
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Which lymph nodes are most likely to enlarge due to the spread of infection through the lymphatic channels in a patient with a boil on his scrotum?
Your Answer: Superficial inguinal nodes
Explanation:The superficial inguinal nodes drain the perineum and the external genitalia which include the scrotum and the labia majora. The testes, however, drain to the lumbar nodes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 5
Correct
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Injury to which of the following arteries is likely to affect the blood supply to the seminal vesicles?
Your Answer: Middle rectal
Explanation:Ligation of middle rectal artery is most likely to affect the blood supply of seminal vesicles since arteries supplying the seminal vesicles are derived from the middle and inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 6
Correct
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The line which divides the perineum into two triangles is connected to the?
Your Answer: Ischial tuberosities
Explanation:The perineum has it’s deep boundaries in front of the pubic arch and the arcuate ligament of the pubis, behind the tip of the coccyx and on either side of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium and the sacrotuberous ligament. It also corresponds to the outlet of the pelvis. A line drawn transversely across, in front of the ischial tuberosities divides the space into two portions, the posterior contains the termination of the anal canal and the anterior, contains the external urogenital organs.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 7
Correct
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Prostatectomy carries a risk of loss of penile erection due to injury to the prostatic plexus responsible for an erection. From which nerves do these fibres originate?
Your Answer: Pelvic splanchnics
Explanation:Erection is a function of the parasympathetic nerves. Of the nerves listed, only the pelvic splanchnic nerves have parasympathetic fibres that innervate the smooth muscles and glands of the pelvic viscera.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 8
Correct
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The following structures DO NOT lie between the layers of the mesosalpinx except for the?
Your Answer: Fallopian tube
Explanation:Mesosalpinx is the portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the fallopian tube to the ovary and contains the uterine tubes between it’s layers.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 9
Correct
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A 45-year old male patient with a long history of alcoholism developed liver cirrhosis that has led to portal hypertension. Which of the following plexuses of veins is most likely dilated in this patient?
Your Answer: Haemorrhoidal plexus
Explanation:The haemorrhoidal plexus or also known as the rectal plexus is a venous plexus that surrounds the rectum. This venous plexus in males communicates anteriorly with the vesical plexus and uterovaginal plexus in females. This venous plexus forms a site of free communication between the portal and systemic venous systems. In the case of portal hypertension this plexus would most likely dilate due to the increased pressure.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 10
Incorrect
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From which fascia of the pelvic wall muscle does the levator ani muscle arise?
Your Answer: Psoas major
Correct Answer: Obturator internus
Explanation:The levator ani muscle arises from the posterior surface of the superior ramus of the pubis lateral to the symphysis, behind the inner surface of the spine of the ischium and between these points from the obturator internus fascia. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvic cavity, supports the viscera in the cavity and surrounds the various structures that pass through it.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 11
Correct
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Which name is given to the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm?
Your Answer: Perineal membrane
Explanation:The urogenital fascia is mostly commonly referred to as the perineal membrane. This term refers to an anatomical fibrous membrane in the perineum. It is triangular in shape, and thus at times referred to as the triangular ligament. It is about 4 cm in depth. Its The perineal membrane’s apex is anterior and is separated from the arcuate pubic ligament by an oval opening for the passage of the deep dorsal vein of the penis. The lateral marginas of this triangular ligament are attached on either side to the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium, above the crus penis. Its base faces the rectum, and connects to the central tendinous point of the perineum. The pelvic fascia and Colle’s fascia is fused to the base of this triangle.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 12
Incorrect
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A 40-year old woman with portal hypertension has impaired venous drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line. Thus, there might be an increase in blood flow downward to the systemic venous system via anastomoses with the inferior rectal vein. This is a tributary of?
Your Answer: External iliac vein
Correct Answer: Internal pudendal vein
Explanation:The inferior rectal vein drains into the internal pudendal vein. In addition the external iliac vein is one of the two branches of the common iliac vein however the internal iliac vein and it’s tributaries (including the pudendal vein) are much more important in draining the pelvic structures.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 13
Correct
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A 24-year old patient diagnosed with a direct inguinal hernia was scheduled for surgery to have the hernia repaired. The hernia was discovered to be protruding through the Hesselbach's triangle (inguinal triangle). Which of the following blood vessels that is a branch of the external iliac artery forms the lateral border of this triangle?
Your Answer: Inferior epigastric
Explanation:The inguinal triangle is formed by the following structures; inguinal ligament at the base; inferior epigastric vessels laterally and the lateral border of the rectus sheath medially. This triangle (also known as Hesselebach’s triangle) is where direct inguinal hernias protrude. The inferior epigastric artery is this the branch of the external iliac artery being referred to. All the other blood vessels are branches of the internal iliac artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 14
Correct
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Which organs would cause pain in a patient who complains of dull pain in her pelvis, along the midline starting from the pubic bone in the front to the sacrum at the back?
Your Answer: Urinary bladder, uterus/cervix/vagina, rectum
Explanation:The pain could have been caused by the urinary bladder, uterus/cervix/vagina or rectum as it involves the pelvic viscera.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 15
Correct
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The prostatic plexus of nerves contains nerve fibres that innervate penile tissue allowing for erection. From which of the following nerves do these fibres originate?
Your Answer: Pelvic splanchnics
Explanation:Pelvic splanchnic nerves are examples of the parasympathetic nerves that innervate the smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera. They are also the nerves contributing fibres to the prostatic plexus which innervate penile erectile tissue.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 16
Correct
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The principal motor and sensory nerve of the perineum is the?
Your Answer: Pudendal
Explanation:The pudendal nerve is formed by S1,2,4 anterior branches. It gives off the inferior haemorrhoid nerve before dividing terminally into the perineal nerve and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or the penis. Thus, it is the principal motor and sensory nerve of the perineum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 17
Correct
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An episiotomy is indicated for a woman during a difficult vaginal delivery. Whilst the registrar was performing this procedure she made a median cut too far through the perineal body cutting the structure immediately posterior. Which structure is this?
Your Answer: External anal sphincter
Explanation:An episiotomy is an incision that is made whenever there is a risk of a tear during vaginal deliver. A posterolateral incision, as opposed to a median incision is preferred. Of the options given, the external anal sphincter lies right posterior to the perineal body. The sacrospinous and the sacrotuberous ligaments are deep in the perineum that they should not be involved in this.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 18
Correct
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What is formed when the ductus deferens unites with the duct of the seminal vesicle?
Your Answer: Ejaculatory duct
Explanation:The deferens is a cylindrical structure​ with dense walls and an extremely small lumen It is joined at an acute angle by the duct of the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct, which traverses the prostate behind it’s middle lobe and opens into the prostatic portion of the urethra, close to the orifice of the prostatic utricle.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 19
Incorrect
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During hysterectomy, the ureter is most likely to be ligated when a surgeon is clamping the?
Your Answer: Broad ligaments
Correct Answer: Uterine arteries
Explanation:The ureter forms the posterior boundary of a shallow depression which lodges the ovary and then runs medially and forward on the lateral aspect of the uterine cervix and upper part of the vagina to reach the fundus of the bladder. It is also situated about 2cm from the side of the cervix of the uterus. The relationship of the ureters and uterine arteries is of clinical significance because the arteries are at risk of iatrogenic injury during hysterectomy.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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Question 20
Incorrect
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Where do the seminal vesicles lie?
Your Answer: Base of the bladder and prostate
Correct Answer: Base of the bladder and rectum
Explanation:The seminal vesicles are two lobulated membranous pouches situated between the fundus of the bladder and rectum and act as a reservoir for the semen and secrete a fluid that is added to the seminal fluid. Each sac is pyramidal in shape but they all vary in size not only in different individuals but also in the same individuals. The anterior surface is in contact with the fundus of the bladder, extending from near the termination of the ureter to the base of the prostate. Each vesicle consist of single tube, which gives off several irregular caecal diverticula. These separate coils and the diverticula are connected by fibrous tissue.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Pelvis
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
