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  • Question 1 - Which enzyme deficiency can lead to ammonia intoxication? ...

    Correct

    • Which enzyme deficiency can lead to ammonia intoxication?

      Your Answer: Ornithine transcarbamylase

      Explanation:

      Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency also known as OTC deficiency is the most common urea cycle disorder in humans. Ornithine transcarbamylase, the defective enzyme in this disorder is the final enzyme in the proximal portion of the urea cycle, responsible for converting carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine into citrulline. OTC deficiency is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, meaning males are more commonly affected than females.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      7.4
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which of the following refers to the process of decoding messenger RNA into...

    Correct

    • Which of the following refers to the process of decoding messenger RNA into an amino acid sequence?

      Your Answer: Translation

      Explanation:

      Messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome, outside the nucleus, to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. This is known as translation and follows after the process transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell’s nucleus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      16.4
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - The conversion of fructose to fructose 1-phosphate is catalysed by: ...

    Correct

    • The conversion of fructose to fructose 1-phosphate is catalysed by:

      Your Answer: Fructokinase

      Explanation:

      The first step in the metabolism of fructose is the phosphorylation of fructose to fructose 1-phosphate by fructokinase.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      6.5
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - When oxygen supply is restored, lactate formed during anaerobic metabolism is converted back...

    Correct

    • When oxygen supply is restored, lactate formed during anaerobic metabolism is converted back to?

      Your Answer: Pyruvate

      Explanation:

      During intense exercise, when the rate of demand for energy is high, glucose is broken down and oxidized to pyruvate, and lactate is then produced from the pyruvate faster than the body can process it, causing lactate concentrations to rise. The resulting lactate can be used in two ways:1. Oxidation back to pyruvate by well-oxygenated muscle cells, heart cells, and brain cells. Pyruvate is then directly used to fuel the Krebs cycle2. Conversion to glucose via gluconeogenesis in the liver and release back into circulation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      19.9
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - What catalyses the conversion of adenosine to inosine? ...

    Correct

    • What catalyses the conversion of adenosine to inosine?

      Your Answer: Adenosine deaminase

      Explanation:

      Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is needed for the breakdown of adenosine from food and for the turnover of nucleic acids in tissues. ADA irreversibly deaminates adenosine, converting it to the related nucleoside inosine by the substitution of the amino group for a keto group.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      7.2
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Where is the major site of purine synthesis? ...

    Correct

    • Where is the major site of purine synthesis?

      Your Answer: Liver

      Explanation:

      The major site of purine synthesis is in the liver. Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleotides and in particular as ribotides.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      9.3
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - The energy needed for glycogen synthesis comes from which compound? ...

    Incorrect

    • The energy needed for glycogen synthesis comes from which compound?

      Your Answer: UDP

      Correct Answer: UTP

      Explanation:

      Glycogen synthesis is, unlike its breakdown, endergonic—it requires the input of energy. Energy for glycogen synthesis comes from uridine triphosphate (UTP)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      8.3
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - A deficiency in Niacin leads to which clinical deficiency syndrome? ...

    Correct

    • A deficiency in Niacin leads to which clinical deficiency syndrome?

      Your Answer: Pellagra

      Explanation:

      Pellagra is a disease caused by a lack of the vitamin niacin (vitamin B3). Symptoms include inflamed skin, diarrhoea, dementia, and sores in the mouth. Areas of the skin exposed to either sunlight or friction are typically affected first. Over time affected skin may become darker, stiff, begin to peel, or bleed.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      6.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - In the urea cycle, which substance is formed in the mitochondria? ...

    Incorrect

    • In the urea cycle, which substance is formed in the mitochondria?

      Your Answer: Ornithine

      Correct Answer: Carbamoyl phosphate

      Explanation:

      Before the urea cycle begins ammonia is converted to carbamoyl phosphate in the mitochondria.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      9.3
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Bile acids will be prevented from being absorbed by resection of which part...

    Correct

    • Bile acids will be prevented from being absorbed by resection of which part of the gastrointestinal tract?

      Your Answer: Ileum

      Explanation:

      Bile acids (also called bile salts) are produced in the liver, secreted into the biliary system, stored in the gallbladder and are released after meals stimulated by cholecystokinin. They are important for the digestion and absorption of fats (lipids) in the small intestine. Usually over 95% of the bile acids are absorbed in the terminal ileum and are taken up by the liver and resecreted.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      12.5
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - What does a deficiency of adenosine deaminase lead to? ...

    Correct

    • What does a deficiency of adenosine deaminase lead to?

      Your Answer: SCID

      Explanation:

      Severe combined immunodeficiency, SCID, also known as alymphocytosis, Glanzmann–Riniker syndrome, severe mixed immunodeficiency syndrome, and thymic alymphoplasia,[1] is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the disturbed development of functional T cells and B cells. Most cases of SCID are due to mutations in the gene encoding the common gamma chain (γc), a protein that is shared by the receptors for interleukins. The second most common form of SCID after X-SCID is caused by a defective enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA), necessary for the breakdown of purines.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      5.1
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - The main breakdown of fatty acids (by B-oxidation) occurs in which part of...

    Correct

    • The main breakdown of fatty acids (by B-oxidation) occurs in which part of the cell?

      Your Answer: Mitochondria

      Explanation:

      Once inside the mitochondria, the β-oxidation of fatty acids occurs via five recurring steps:Activation by ATPOxidation by FAD,Hydration,Oxidation by NAD+,Thiolysis,The final product is acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      21.6
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - The largest energy reserves among both lean and obese subjects are from? ...

    Correct

    • The largest energy reserves among both lean and obese subjects are from?

      Your Answer: Fatty acids

      Explanation:

      The energy required for sustained exercise is provided by the oxidation of two fuels, glucose stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle, and long-chain fatty acids, stored as adipose tissue triglycerides. The latter provides the largest energy reserve in the body.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      17
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which of the following groups are purines? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following groups are purines?

      Your Answer: Adenine, thymidine, hypoxanthine

      Correct Answer: Adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine

      Explanation:

      There are many naturally occurring purines. They include the nucleobases, adenine and guanine. Other notable purines are hypoxanthine, xanthine), theobromine, caffeine, uric acid and isoguanine.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      8.7
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - Nucleic acids are split into nucleotides in the: ...

    Incorrect

    • Nucleic acids are split into nucleotides in the:

      Your Answer: Spleen

      Correct Answer: Intestine

      Explanation:

      The pancreas is the major source for all the digestive enzymes including nucleases which split nucleic acids into nucleotides primarily in the small intestine.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      7.3
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - The complex twisting and folding of peptide chains describes which order of protein...

    Incorrect

    • The complex twisting and folding of peptide chains describes which order of protein structure?

      Your Answer: Primary structure

      Correct Answer: Secondary structure

      Explanation:

      Secondary Structure refers to the coiling or folding of a polypeptide chain that gives the protein its 3-D shape. There are two types of secondary structures: the alpha (α) helix and the beta (β) pleated sheet.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      14.2
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which enzyme hydrolyses triglycerides in lipoproteins into free fatty acids for storage in...

    Correct

    • Which enzyme hydrolyses triglycerides in lipoproteins into free fatty acids for storage in fat cells?

      Your Answer: Lipoprotein lipase

      Explanation:

      Lipoprotein lipase is a water-soluble enzyme that hydrolyses triglycerides in lipoproteins, such as those found in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), into two free fatty acids and one monoacylglycerol molecule.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      7.7
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - A deficiency in Cyanocobalamin leads to which clinical deficiency syndrome? ...

    Incorrect

    • A deficiency in Cyanocobalamin leads to which clinical deficiency syndrome?

      Your Answer: Pellagra

      Correct Answer: Pernicious anaemia

      Explanation:

      The main syndrome of vitamin B12 deficiency is pernicious anaemia. It is characterized by a triad of symptoms:Megaloblastic anaemiaGastrointestinal symptoms &Neurological symptoms

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      16.8
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - Translation usually begins at which codon? ...

    Incorrect

    • Translation usually begins at which codon?

      Your Answer: AGU

      Correct Answer: AUG

      Explanation:

      The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and the most common start codon is AUG.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      11.5
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - Which lipoprotein is responsible for lowering of plasma lipids? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which lipoprotein is responsible for lowering of plasma lipids?

      Your Answer: Chylomicrons

      Correct Answer: HDL

      Explanation:

      High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of multiple proteins which transport all fat molecules (lipids) around the body within the water outside cells. Unlike the larger lipoprotein particles which deliver fat molecules to cells, HDL particles remove fat molecules from cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      6.4
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - Which enzyme is deficient in the inborn error of metabolism called galactosemia? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which enzyme is deficient in the inborn error of metabolism called galactosemia?

      Your Answer: Udg galactose epimerase

      Correct Answer: Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase

      Explanation:

      Galactosaemia is a rare genetic autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. Lactose is broken down by the enzyme lactase into glucose and galactose. In individuals with galactosemia, the enzymes needed for further metabolism of galactose (Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase) are severely diminished or missing entirely, leading to toxic levels of galactose 1-phosphate in various tissues.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      7
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - Which of the following is an example of a ketone body? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is an example of a ketone body?

      Your Answer: Acetoacetyl CoA

      Correct Answer: Acetoacetate

      Explanation:

      Ketone bodies are three water-soluble molecules (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and their spontaneous breakdown product, acetone) that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise, alcoholism or in untreated (or inadequately treated) type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      17.6
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - Oxidation is defined as a: ...

    Incorrect

    • Oxidation is defined as a:

      Your Answer: Combination of substances with hydrogen

      Correct Answer: Loss of electrons from molecules

      Explanation:

      Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      3.4
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - During anaerobic glycolysis, the net production of ATP is: ...

    Incorrect

    • During anaerobic glycolysis, the net production of ATP is:

      Your Answer: 18

      Correct Answer: 2

      Explanation:

      Anaerobic glycolysis is the transformation of glucose to lactate when limited amounts of oxygen (O2) are available. Anaerobic glycolysis is only an effective means of energy production during short, intense exercise, providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes. It produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      6.4
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - Lipid- lowering drugs like Lovastatin reduce cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting which enzyme? ...

    Correct

    • Lipid- lowering drugs like Lovastatin reduce cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting which enzyme?

      Your Answer: HMG-CoA reductase

      Explanation:

      Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are a class of lipid-lowering medications. Statins have been found to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in those who are at high risk.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      13.8
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - Conjugation of proteins to which polypeptide marks them for degradation? ...

    Incorrect

    • Conjugation of proteins to which polypeptide marks them for degradation?

      Your Answer: Signal recognition particle

      Correct Answer: Ubiquitin

      Explanation:

      Ubiquitin is a small regulatory protein that affects proteins in many ways: it can mark them for degradation via the proteasome, alter their cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein interactions. Ubiquitination involves three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation,

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      11.5
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - Phosphorylation of glucose once it enters the cell is catalysed by which enzyme?...

    Incorrect

    • Phosphorylation of glucose once it enters the cell is catalysed by which enzyme?

      Your Answer: Phosphorylase

      Correct Answer: Hexokinase

      Explanation:

      Glucose 6-phosphate is produced by phosphorylation of glucose on the sixth carbon. This is catalysed by the enzyme hexokinase in most cells. One molecule of ATP is consumed in this reaction.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      6.4
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - Major supplies of glycogen are found in …. ...

    Incorrect

    • Major supplies of glycogen are found in ….

      Your Answer: Liver and adipose tissues

      Correct Answer: Liver and skeletal muscle

      Explanation:

      The two major sites of glycogen storage are the liver and skeletal muscle. The concentration of glycogen is higher in the liver than in muscle however more glycogen is stored in skeletal muscle due to its greater mass.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      4.5
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - Which lipoprotein contains the most cholesterol esters? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which lipoprotein contains the most cholesterol esters?

      Your Answer: VLDL

      Correct Answer: LDL

      Explanation:

      LDL and HDL transport both dietary and endogenous cholesterol in the plasma, but LDL is the main transporter of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      4.4
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - The enzyme that catalyses the final step in glycogen synthesis is: ...

    Incorrect

    • The enzyme that catalyses the final step in glycogen synthesis is:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Glycogen synthase

      Explanation:

      Glycogen synthase is a key enzyme in glycogenesis, the conversion of glucose into glycogen. This enzyme combines excess glucose residues one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as glycogen.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Metabolism
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Medicine (22/29) 76%
Metabolism (22/29) 76%
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