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Question 1
Incorrect
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What is the primary problem of achalasia
Your Answer: Neuronal death in lower oesophageal sphincter
Correct Answer: Deficiency of myenteric plexus at the lower oesophageal sphincter
Explanation:Oesophageal achalasia is an oesophageal motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the oesophagus is characterized by the failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and aperistalsis, caused primarily by the loss of the inhibitory innervation of the oesophageal myenteric plexus.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 2
Correct
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The infoldings or spaces between the bases of the villi are known as
Your Answer: Crypts of Lieberkühn
Explanation:An intestinal gland (also crypt of Lieberkühn and intestinal crypt) is a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small intestine and large intestine (colon) between the villi.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of the active endopeptidases from their inactive precursors?
Your Answer: Pepsin
Correct Answer: Enterokinase
Explanation:Enterokinase is a brush border enzyme of the duodenum that activates proteolytic enzymes for further digestion of proteins. Trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by the action of enterokinase. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are secreted by the pancreatic acinar cells and are enzymes that aid in protein digestion. Pepsin is secreted by chief cells of gastric mucosa. Procarboxydase is the inactive form of carboxypeptidase which is converted to its active form by trypsin and is secreted by pancreatic acinar cells.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 4
Correct
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Carbohydrates digestion starts in the
Your Answer: Mouth
Explanation:Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the oesophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 5
Correct
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All of the following constitute small intestinal brush border enzymes except:
Your Answer: Alpha-amylase
Explanation:The final step in digestion of carbohydrates, which is conversion of disaccharides to absorbable monosaccharides occurs on the small intestinal epithelial cells. The enzymes responsible for this final stage of digestion are not freely found in the intestinal lumen, but they are found as integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane of the epithelial cell. The apical plasma membrane of the intestinal epithelial cell has numerous microvilli which extend from the cell known as the brush border. Thus, the enzymes embedded in those microvilli are referred to as brush border enzymes. All these enzymes except alfa amylase are brush border enzymes. Alfa amylase is secreted by pancreatic acinar cells.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 6
Incorrect
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Which of the following is true with regard to the acini?
Your Answer: Peripheral zone is least oxygenated
Correct Answer: The central zone (Zone III) is the least oxygenated
Explanation:The acini are divided into zone I (periportal), zone II (transition zone), and zone III (pericentral). Cells located close to the portal triad or peripheral zone which consist of an arteriole from the hepatic artery are the most oxygenated cells. Cells in the central zone (III) are least oxygenated and mainly receive blood supply from the central vein which is a branch of hepatic vein.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Where in the gastrointestinal tract are valvulae conniventes?
Your Answer: Terminal ileum
Correct Answer: Jejunum
Explanation:The circular folds (valves of Kerckring or valvulae conniventes) are large valvular flaps projecting into the lumen of the small intestine.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 8
Incorrect
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VIP, GIP and somatostatin play an inhibitory role in gastric acid secretion by inactivating?
Your Answer: Parietal cells
Correct Answer: G cells
Explanation:Gastrin is secreted from the G cells. VIP, GIP and somatostatin all inhibit acid production by inhibiting the G cells.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 9
Correct
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The haustral pattern seen in the normal colon is produced by
Your Answer: Taenia coli
Explanation:The haustra (singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation), which give the colon its segmented appearance. The teniae coli run the length of the large intestine. Because the taeniae coli are shorter than the intestine, the colon becomes sacculated between the taeniae coli, forming the haustra.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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Question 10
Incorrect
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In Hirschsprung disease which one is incorrect
Your Answer: May be due to mutation in the endothelin b receptor gene
Correct Answer: Due to congenital absence of myenteric and submucosal plexuses
Explanation:During normal prenatal development, cells from the neural crest migrate into the large intestine (colon) to form the networks of nerves called the myenteric plexus (Auerbach plexus) (between the smooth muscle layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner plexus) (within the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract wall). In Hirschsprung’s disease, the migration is not complete and part of the colon lacks these nerve bodies that regulate the activity of the colon. The affected segment of the colon cannot relax and pass stool through the colon, creating an obstruction.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Medicine
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