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  • Question 1 - From which fascia of the pelvic wall muscle does the levator ani muscle...

    Correct

    • From which fascia of the pelvic wall muscle does the levator ani muscle arise?

      Your Answer: Obturator internus

      Explanation:

      The levator ani muscle arises from the posterior surface of the superior ramus of the pubis lateral to the symphysis, behind the inner surface of the spine of the ischium and between these points from the obturator internus fascia. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvic cavity, supports the viscera in the cavity and surrounds the various structures that pass through it.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      13.7
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A 25 year old primi gravida lady was scheduled for a regular antenatal...

    Correct

    • A 25 year old primi gravida lady was scheduled for a regular antenatal check up. During the vaginal exam of this lady, the registrar discovered a malignant growth on the anterior wall of her vagina. Which of the following structures, adjacent to the vagina, is likely to be involved as well?

      Your Answer: Fundus of the bladder

      Explanation:

      The fundus of the bladder is related anatomically to the anterior surface of the vagina and the urethra as well. If there was a malignant growth in the anterior surface of the vagina, then most likely the fundus of the bladder would be involved as well aspotentially the urethra.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      22.1
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - A 45-year old male patient with a long history of alcoholism developed liver...

    Correct

    • A 45-year old male patient with a long history of alcoholism developed liver cirrhosis that has led to portal hypertension. Which of the following plexuses of veins is most likely dilated in this patient?

      Your Answer: Haemorrhoidal plexus

      Explanation:

      The haemorrhoidal plexus or also known as the rectal plexus is a venous plexus that surrounds the rectum. This venous plexus in males communicates anteriorly with the vesical plexus and uterovaginal plexus in females. This venous plexus forms a site of free communication between the portal and systemic venous systems. In the case of portal hypertension this plexus would most likely dilate due to the increased pressure.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      8.9
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - A 38 year old man is to undergo excision of the base of...

    Correct

    • A 38 year old man is to undergo excision of the base of the prostate for malignant growth, which of the following structures is directly related to the base of the prostate?

      Your Answer: Urinary bladder

      Explanation:

      The prostate is situated in the pelvic cavity and is also located immediately below the internal urethral orifice at the commencement of the urethra. It is held in position by the puboprostatic ligaments, the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm and the anterior portions of the levatores ani. The base of the prostate is directed upward and is attached to the inferior surface of the urinary bladder while the apex is directed downward and is in contact with the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      12.9
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which lymph nodes are likely to be enlarged in a patient who has...

    Incorrect

    • Which lymph nodes are likely to be enlarged in a patient who has malignant growth involving the anus?

      Your Answer: Internal iliac

      Correct Answer: Superficial inguinal

      Explanation:

      The lymphatics from the anus, skin of the perineum and the scrotum end in the superficial inguinal nodes. In case of a malignant growth of the anus, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes would most likely be enlarge.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      11.4
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - What forms the pelvic diaphragm? ...

    Correct

    • What forms the pelvic diaphragm?

      Your Answer: Levator ani and coccygeus muscles

      Explanation:

      The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the levator ani and the coccygeus muscles. The levator ani forms the greater part of the pelvic floor supporting the viscera in the pelvic cavity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      7.2
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - A 40-year old woman with portal hypertension has impaired venous drainage of the...

    Correct

    • A 40-year old woman with portal hypertension has impaired venous drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line. Thus, there might be an increase in blood flow downward to the systemic venous system via anastomoses with the inferior rectal vein. This is a tributary of?

      Your Answer: Internal pudendal vein

      Explanation:

      The inferior rectal vein drains into the internal pudendal vein. In addition the external iliac vein is one of the two branches of the common iliac vein however the internal iliac vein and it’s tributaries (including the pudendal vein) are much more important in draining the pelvic structures.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      17.3
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which lymph nodes are most likely to enlarge due to the spread of...

    Correct

    • Which lymph nodes are most likely to enlarge due to the spread of infection through the lymphatic channels in a patient with a boil on his scrotum?

      Your Answer: Superficial inguinal nodes

      Explanation:

      The superficial inguinal nodes drain the perineum and the external genitalia which include the scrotum and the labia majora. The testes, however, drain to the lumbar nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      10.4
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Prostatectomy carries a risk of loss of penile erection due to injury to...

    Correct

    • Prostatectomy carries a risk of loss of penile erection due to injury to the prostatic plexus responsible for an erection. From which nerves do these fibres originate?

      Your Answer: Pelvic splanchnics

      Explanation:

      Erection is a function of the parasympathetic nerves. Of the nerves listed, only the pelvic splanchnic nerves have parasympathetic fibres that innervate the smooth muscles and glands of the pelvic viscera.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      8.4
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - A patient at the time of her second delivery opted for a bilateral...

    Correct

    • A patient at the time of her second delivery opted for a bilateral pudendal nerve block. In order to inject the anaesthetic agent near the pudendal nerve a anaesthetic consultant had to insert a finger into the vagina and press laterally to palpate which landmark?

      Your Answer: Ischial spine

      Explanation:

      The ischial spine is always palpated through the walls of the vagina when performing a transvaginal pudendal nerve block and can easily be palpated on the lateral wall of the vagina.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      7.2
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - A 24-year old patient diagnosed with a direct inguinal hernia was scheduled for...

    Correct

    • A 24-year old patient diagnosed with a direct inguinal hernia was scheduled for surgery to have the hernia repaired. The hernia was discovered to be protruding through the Hesselbach's triangle (inguinal triangle). Which of the following blood vessels that is a branch of the external iliac artery forms the lateral border of this triangle?

      Your Answer: Inferior epigastric

      Explanation:

      The inguinal triangle is formed by the following structures; inguinal ligament at the base; inferior epigastric vessels laterally and the lateral border of the rectus sheath medially. This triangle (also known as Hesselebach’s triangle) is where direct inguinal hernias protrude. The inferior epigastric artery is this the branch of the external iliac artery being referred to. All the other blood vessels are branches of the internal iliac artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      31.6
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - A 60-year old patient presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal...

    Correct

    • A 60-year old patient presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal was brought in to the oncology ward for chemotherapy. In which of the following lymph nodes of this patient would you likely find metastases?

      Your Answer: Internal iliac

      Explanation:

      The efferent lymphatics from the anal canal proceed to the internal iliac lymph nodes. This would most likely form the site of enlargement in the lymphatics.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      15.7
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - Injury to which of the following arteries is likely to affect the blood...

    Correct

    • Injury to which of the following arteries is likely to affect the blood supply to the seminal vesicles?

      Your Answer: Middle rectal

      Explanation:

      Ligation of middle rectal artery is most likely to affect the blood supply of seminal vesicles since arteries supplying the seminal vesicles are derived from the middle and inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      10.4
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which nodes are most likely to be enlarged in a patient complaining of...

    Correct

    • Which nodes are most likely to be enlarged in a patient complaining of a boil located on the labia majora?

      Your Answer: Superficial inguinal

      Explanation:

      The perineum, external genitalia, the labia majora and scrotum drain to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. In a man, the testes do not drain to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes but rather travel in the spermatic cord and drain into the lumbar nodes. The lumbar nodes drain the internal pelvic organs. The sacral nodes drain the prostrate gland, uterus, vagina, rectum and posterior pelvic wall and the external iliac nodes in turn drain the lower limb. The internal iliac nodes drain the pelvis and gluteal region.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      6.1
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - The principal motor and sensory nerve of the perineum is the? ...

    Correct

    • The principal motor and sensory nerve of the perineum is the?

      Your Answer: Pudendal

      Explanation:

      The pudendal nerve is formed by S1,2,4 anterior branches. It gives off the inferior haemorrhoid nerve before dividing terminally into the perineal nerve and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or the penis. Thus, it is the principal motor and sensory nerve of the perineum.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      6.2
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - Passing through the lesser sciatic foramen are the: ...

    Correct

    • Passing through the lesser sciatic foramen are the:

      Your Answer: Pudendal nerve

      Explanation:

      Structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen include:

      – the pudendal nerve

      – the nerve to obturator internus

      – internal pudendal artery

      – the tendon of obturator internus

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      7.6
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Where do the seminal vesicles lie? ...

    Correct

    • Where do the seminal vesicles lie?

      Your Answer: Base of the bladder and rectum

      Explanation:

      The seminal vesicles are two lobulated membranous pouches situated between the fundus of the bladder and rectum and act as a reservoir for the semen and secrete a fluid that is added to the seminal fluid. Each sac is pyramidal in shape but they all vary in size not only in different individuals but also in the same individuals. The anterior surface is in contact with the fundus of the bladder, extending from near the termination of the ureter to the base of the prostate. Each vesicle consist of single tube, which gives off several irregular caecal diverticula. These separate coils and the diverticula are connected by fibrous tissue.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      14.3
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - The prostatic plexus of nerves contains nerve fibres that innervate penile tissue allowing...

    Correct

    • The prostatic plexus of nerves contains nerve fibres that innervate penile tissue allowing for erection. From which of the following nerves do these fibres originate?

      Your Answer: Pelvic splanchnics

      Explanation:

      Pelvic splanchnic nerves are examples of the parasympathetic nerves that innervate the smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera. They are also the nerves contributing fibres to the prostatic plexus which innervate penile erectile tissue.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      6.9
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - The pudendal nerve is derived from? ...

    Correct

    • The pudendal nerve is derived from?

      Your Answer: S2, S3, S4

      Explanation:

      The pudendal nerve derives it’s fibres from the ventral branches of the second, third and fourth sacral nerves (S2,3,4)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      4.1
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - During hysterectomy, the ureter is most likely to be ligated when a surgeon...

    Correct

    • During hysterectomy, the ureter is most likely to be ligated when a surgeon is clamping the?

      Your Answer: Uterine arteries

      Explanation:

      The ureter forms the posterior boundary of a shallow depression which lodges the ovary and then runs medially and forward on the lateral aspect of the uterine cervix and upper part of the vagina to reach the fundus of the bladder. It is also situated about 2cm from the side of the cervix of the uterus. The relationship of the ureters and uterine arteries is of clinical significance because the arteries are at risk of iatrogenic injury during hysterectomy.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Pelvis
      11.8
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (19/20) 95%
Pelvis (19/20) 95%
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