-
Question 1
Correct
-
How does the proximal convoluted tubule excrete H+?
Your Answer: Via Na+/H+ antiporter.
Explanation:H+ secretion from cells across the luminal membrane is mostly in exchange for Na+ ions, and to a small extent, through a proton ATPase. Secreted H+ react with filtered HC03- to form H2CO3.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
-
Question 2
Correct
-
Erythropoietin is synthesized by which cells of the nephron?
Your Answer: Tubular interstitial cells
Explanation:Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. While liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period, renal production is predominant during adulthood.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
-
Question 3
Correct
-
An effect of aging on the kidney includes?
Your Answer: Decreased GFR
Explanation:The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area, is 100 to 130 mL/min/1.73m2 in men and 90 to 120 ml/min/1.73m2 in women younger than the age of 40. After age 40, GFR decreases progressively with age, by about 0.4 mL/min to 1.2 mL/min per year.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
-
Question 4
Correct
-
Question 5
Correct
-
In a 70 kg male, the approximate volumes (litres) of water in the different compartments mentioned (intracellular, interstitial, vascular) are:
Your Answer: 28l, 14l, 3.5l
Explanation:In a 70kg male, approximately 60% (42 L) of the total body weight is composed of water divided proportionally in the following compartments:Intracellular fluid (ICF) – Around 67% (28 L) of total body water.Extracellular fluid (ECF) – Approximately 33% (14 L) of the total body fluid. The fluid in the intravascular compartment is about 3 L and is generally about 25% of the volume of ECF.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
-
Question 6
Correct
-
The Na-K-2Cl co-transporter occurs in which part of the renal tubule?
Your Answer: Apical surface of thick ascending limb
Explanation:The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a protein that aids in the active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells.[1] In humans there are two isoforms of this membrane transport protein, NKCC1 and NKCC2. NKCC2 is specifically found in cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the macula densa in nephrons, the basic functional units of the kidney. Within these cells, NKCC2 resides in the apical membrane abutting the nephron’s lumen.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
-
Question 7
Correct
-
Which of the following stimulate the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?
Your Answer: Angiotensin 2
Explanation:Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone causes the renal tubules to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the blood, while at the same time causing the excretion of potassium (to maintain electrolyte balance).
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
-
Question 8
Correct
-
Which segment of the nephron is impermeable to water?
Your Answer: Ascending limb of Henle
Explanation:Considerable differences aid in distinguishing the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle. The descending limb is permeable to water and noticeably less permeable to salt, and thus only indirectly contributes to the concentration of the interstitium. Unlike the descending limb, the thin ascending limb is impermeable to water, a critical feature of the counter current exchange mechanism employed by the loop.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
-
Question 9
Correct
-
Glucose is typically removed from the urine by…?
Your Answer: Secondary active transport
Explanation:Glucose, amino acids, inorganic phosphate, and some other solutes are resorbed via secondary active transport through co-transporters driven by the sodium gradient out of the nephron.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
-
Question 10
Correct
-
ANP and BNP in the circulation act on the kidney to?
Your Answer: Increase sodium excretion
Explanation:The physiologic actions of BNP are similar to those of ANP and include decrease in systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure as well as an increase in natriuresis (sodium excretion). The net effect of these peptides is a decrease in blood pressure due to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance and, thus, afterload.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Renal
-
SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
