FCP Categories: Pathology

FCS1-0857

The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation describes the derivation of pH as a measure of acidity. According to this equation, the buffering capacity of the system is at maximum when the number of free anions compared with undissociated acid is:

FCS1-0858

A 35-year-old ultra marathon runner becomes severely dehydrated and collapses. This patient most likely has:

FCS1-0861

A 30 year old female presented in the emergency with an irregular pulse. Her ECG showed absent P-waves with irregular RR interval. What is the most likely diagnosis?

FCS1-0862

A 15-day old male baby was brought to the emergency department with sweating and his lips turning blue while feeding. He was born full term. On examination, his temperature was 37.9°C, blood pressure 75/45 mmHg, pulse was 175/min, and respiratory rate was 42/min. A harsh systolic ejection murmur could be heard at the left upper sternal border. X-ray chest showed small, boot-shaped heart with decreased pulmonary vascular markings. He most likely has:

FCS1-0845

Intravenous diazepam was administered to a man who was brought to the emergency department with status epilepticus. He was administered 15 l/min oxygen via a reservoir bag mask. Blood investigations showed sodium = 140 mmol/l, potassium = 4 mmol/l and chloride = 98 mmol/l. His arterial blood gas analysis revealed pH 7.08, p(CO2)= 61.5 mmHg, p(O2) = 111 mmHg and standard bicarbonate = 17 mmol/l. This patient had:

FCS1-0846

A 40-year old gentleman, known with a history of peptic ulcer disease, was brought to the clinic in a dehydrated state with persistent vomiting.

His blood investigations revealed:

  • sodium = 142 mmol/l
  • potassium = 2.6 mmol/l
  • chloride = 85 mmol/l
  • pH = 7.55
  • p(CO2) = 50 mmHg
  • p(O2) = 107 mmHg
  • standard bicarbonate = 40 mmol/l

This patient has a:

FCS1-0831

Renin is secreted by pericytes in the vicinity of the afferent arterioles of the kidney from the juxtaglomerular cells. Plasma renin levels are decreased in patients with:

FCS1-0832

Normally, the O2 transfer in the lungs from alveolar to capillary is perfusion-limited. In which of the following situations does it become a diffusion-limited process?

FCS1-0833

Which organ is most vulnerable to haemorrhagic shock?

FCS1-0834

Nephrotic syndrome is a condition that causes proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and oedema. Which of the following is the cause of the oedema in these patients?