A 45-year-old woman comes in with severe diarrhea one week after finishing a course of co-amoxiclav for a respiratory infection. The diarrhea has a foul odor and is yellow in color.
What is the SINGLE most probable organism responsible for this?
Your consultant has arranged a teaching session on peptic ulcer disease for the new physicians in the emergency department and asks a few questions to assess their overall knowledge. Which of the following statements about peptic ulcer disease is accurate?
A 62 year old female presents to the emergency department with a three day history of nausea and upper abdominal pain. The patient is concerned as the nausea became severe enough to cause her to vomit today and she noticed dark blood in the vomitus. The patient takes simvastatin daily for high cholesterol and has recently been taking ibuprofen to treat knee pain. You are able to schedule her for an endoscopy today.
Upon returning to the ED, you decide to conduct a risk assessment for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Which of the following tools would be the most appropriate to use?
A 25-year-old traveler comes to the clinic complaining of a fever, cough, and headache that have persisted for the last week. He recently returned from a backpacking adventure in India. Additionally, he started experiencing diarrhea a few days ago, and a stool sample was sent for testing, which revealed the presence of Salmonella typhi. Which antibacterial medication would be the most suitable to prescribe for this patient?
A 25-year-old male medical student presents with intense vomiting that began a couple of hours after consuming a microwaved Chinese takeout.
What is the MOST LIKELY single causative organism?
A 68 year old male is brought into the emergency department from his nursing home due to the sudden onset of profuse foul smelling diarrhea over the past 2 days that has not improved. The patient has been feeling slightly unwell for the past few weeks and was prescribed a week-long course of amoxicillin by his GP for a chest infection, which he completed. He then started taking clindamycin for lower limb cellulitis five days ago, which he is still taking. Which of the following tests would be most helpful in determining the underlying cause of this patient’s symptoms?
A 68 year old male visits the emergency department on a Saturday night complaining of severe watery diarrhea that has been ongoing for the past five days. The patient mentions that he saw his primary care physician a few days ago regarding the diarrhea, and the physician sent a stool sample for testing. The patient informs you that his physician was concerned because he had recently completed two courses of antibiotics, which may have triggered the diarrhea. Upon reviewing the pathology results, you observe that the stool has tested positive for clostridium difficile cytotoxin.
Which of the following antibiotics is most likely responsible for causing this patient’s diarrhea?
A 45-year-old man presents with severe nausea and recurrent vomiting. The vomiting episodes occur every few weeks and are accompanied by colicky abdominal pain. However, his bowel movements are normal. He reports that the only relief he gets during these episodes is by taking hot baths. He has no significant medical history but admits to being a heavy and regular cannabis user. A complete set of blood tests and an abdominal X-ray are performed, both of which come back normal.
What is the most probable diagnosis in this case?
A 5 year old male is brought into the emergency department by his parents. They inform you that the patient started experiencing diarrhea and vomiting 3 days ago. The vomiting stopped yesterday, but the diarrhea has persisted and the parents are worried because the patient seems restless and not acting like himself. There is no recent history of traveling abroad, no significant medical history, the patient is up to date with vaccinations, and the parents have not noticed any blood or mucus in the stool. During the clinical examination, you observe jittery movements in the limbs and head, increased muscle tone, and exaggerated reflexes in the limbs. There is some tenderness upon deep palpation of the abdomen, but no guarding. The central and peripheral capillary refill time is approximately 3 seconds, and the extremities feel warm.
What investigation would be most beneficial for this patient?
A 25-year-old woman with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents with a condition associated with IBD.
Which of the following conditions is associated with ulcerative colitis?