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  • Question 1 - Damage to this nerve affects the flexor digitorum longus. ...

    Correct

    • Damage to this nerve affects the flexor digitorum longus.

      Your Answer: Tibial nerve

      Explanation:

      Like all muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg, flexor digitorum longus muscle is innervated by branches of the tibial nerve (root value L5, S1 and S2) which is a branch of sciatic nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      11.8
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A 30-year-old man suffers from an open femoral shaft fracture after being involved...

    Correct

    • A 30-year-old man suffers from an open femoral shaft fracture after being involved in a road traffic accident. As a consequence of his injury, the nerve that was damaged innervates the popliteus muscle.

      In which of the following nerves is the popliteus muscle innervated by?

      Your Answer: Tibial nerve

      Explanation:

      The popliteus muscle is innervated by the tibial nerve (L4, 5 and S1).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      21.7
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - You are examining the lower limbs of a 54 year old man who...

    Correct

    • You are examining the lower limbs of a 54 year old man who presented after falling from a ladder at home. During your neurological assessment you note a weakness of hip flexion. Which of the following nerves is the most important for flexion of the thigh at the hip joint:

      Your Answer: Femoral nerve

      Explanation:

      Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint is produced by the sartorius, psoas major, iliacus and pectineus muscles, assisted by the rectus femoris muscle, all innervated by the femoral nerve (except for the psoas major, innervated by the anterior rami of L1 – 3).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      55.1
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - An X-ray of a 24-year-old female hockey player who arrives at the hospital...

    Incorrect

    • An X-ray of a 24-year-old female hockey player who arrives at the hospital with a left foot injury reveals an avulsion fracture of the fifth metatarsal tuberosity. Which of the following muscles is most likely responsible for the movement of the fractured fragment?

      Your Answer: Fibularis longus

      Correct Answer: Fibularis brevis

      Explanation:

      An avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal happens when the ankle is twisted inwards.

      When the ankle is twisted inwards a muscle called the fibularis brevis contracts to stop the movement and protect the ligaments of the ankle.

      The base of the fifth metatarsal is where this muscle is attached. The group of lateral leg muscles that function to plantarflex the foot includes the fibularis brevis and the fibularis longus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      26.3
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - A 22 year old professional athlete sustains an inversion injury to her left...

    Correct

    • A 22 year old professional athlete sustains an inversion injury to her left ankle during the 800m. Which of the following ligaments is most likely injured:

      Your Answer: Anterior talofibular ligament

      Explanation:

      Inversion injuries at the ankle in plantarflexion (such as when wearing high heels) are common, and typically result in damage to the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle, made up of the anterior talofibular, the calcaneofibular and the posterior talofibular ligaments. The anterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments are most commonly injured, and the posterior talofibular ligament rarely. The spring ligament supports the head of the talus, the deltoid ligament supports the medial aspect of the ankle joint, and the long and short plantar ligaments are involved in maintaining the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      94.1
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Aside from the inability to extend the leg above the knee, which of...

    Correct

    • Aside from the inability to extend the leg above the knee, which of the following clinical symptoms should you anticipate seeing in a patient who had a pelvic and right leg injury as well as femoral nerve damage?

      Your Answer: Loss of sensation over the anterior thigh

      Explanation:

      The femoral nerve runs down the front of the leg from the pelvis. It gives the front of the thigh and a portion of the lower leg sensation.

      Extension of the leg at the knee joint, flexion of the thigh at the hip are produced by muscles that is primarily innervated by the femoral nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      85.3
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Which of the following ligaments supports the head of the talus? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following ligaments supports the head of the talus?

      Your Answer: Anterior talofibular ligament

      Correct Answer: Spring ligament

      Explanation:

      The spring-ligament complex is a significant medial arch stabilizer.

      The two important functions of this ligament include promoting the stability of the talonavicular joint by acting as a support for the talus head and by acting as a static support to maintain the medial longitudinal arch.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      37.1
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Superficial fibular nerve palsy results in which of the following clinical features: ...

    Correct

    • Superficial fibular nerve palsy results in which of the following clinical features:

      Your Answer: Loss of eversion of the foot

      Explanation:

      Damage to the superficial fibular nerve results in loss of eversion of the foot and loss of sensation over the lower anterolateral leg and the dorsum of the foot.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      27.4
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Given a patient with dislocation of the patella, which muscle is the most...

    Incorrect

    • Given a patient with dislocation of the patella, which muscle is the most important to address during rehabilitation to prevent recurrent dislocation?

      Your Answer: Rectus femoris

      Correct Answer: Vastus medialis

      Explanation:

      Patellar dislocation is a disabling musculoskeletal disorder which predominantly affects younger people who are engaged in multidirectional physically active pursuits. Conservative (non-operative) treatment is the treatment of choice for FTPD (first time patellar dislocation). Quadriceps strengthening exercises are considered one of the principal management aims for people following FTPD. A United Kingdom (UK) survey of physiotherapy practice has shown that quadriceps strengthening and specific-vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) or distal vastus medialis (VM) muscle strengthening or recruitment exercises were two of the most frequently used interventions for this population. Specific VM exercises are favoured in some quarters based on the assumption that the VM has an important role in preventing excessive lateral patellar translation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      79.4
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping...

    Correct

    • A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping and falling onto her back and left hip. Upon physical examination, it was noted that she has pain on hip flexion, but normal hip adduction. Which of the following muscles was most likely injured in this case?

      Your Answer: Sartorius

      Explanation:

      The hip adductors are a group of five muscles located in the medial compartment of the thigh. These muscles are the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.

      The hip flexors consist of 5 key muscles that contribute to hip flexion: iliacus, psoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, and sartorius.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      21.1
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - A patient suffers a lower limb fracture that causes damage to the nerve...

    Correct

    • A patient suffers a lower limb fracture that causes damage to the nerve that innervates peroneus longus.
      Peroneus longus receives its innervation from which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Superficial peroneal nerve

      Explanation:

      Peroneus brevis is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve.
      Peroneus longus is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve.
      Peroneus tertius is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      17.1
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Which of the following would you NOT expect from a deep fibular nerve...

    Correct

    • Which of the following would you NOT expect from a deep fibular nerve palsy:

      Your Answer: Loss of sensation over heel

      Explanation:

      Damage to the deep fibular nerve results in loss of dorsiflexion of the ankle, with resultant foot drop with high-stepping gait, loss of toe extension, weakness of foot inversion and loss of sensation over the webspace between the 1st and 2nd toes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      31
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - A patient suffers an injury to the nerve that innervates piriformis.
    The piriformis muscle...

    Correct

    • A patient suffers an injury to the nerve that innervates piriformis.
      The piriformis muscle is innervated by which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Nerve to piriformis

      Explanation:

      Piriformis is innervated by the nerve to piriformis, which is a direct branch from the sacral plexus (S1 and S2).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      67.5
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - A 25-year-old footballer develops pain and stiffness in his thigh. A diagnosis of...

    Correct

    • A 25-year-old footballer develops pain and stiffness in his thigh. A diagnosis of iliopsoas syndrome is made.
      Iliacus is innervated by which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Femoral nerve

      Explanation:

      Iliacus is innervated by the femoral nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      12.2
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - A patient suffers from an injury and as a consequence, is unable to...

    Correct

    • A patient suffers from an injury and as a consequence, is unable to externally rotate his femur when his hip is extended. You suspect a nerve injury to the obturator internus muscle. Which of the following nerves innervate the obturator internus muscle?

      Your Answer: Obturator internus nerve

      Explanation:

      The obturator internus is innervated by the obturator internus nerve (L5–S2), a branch of sacral plexus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      34.9
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - Which of the following nerves innervates the gastrocnemius muscle? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following nerves innervates the gastrocnemius muscle?

      Your Answer: Tibial nerve

      Explanation:

      The gastrocnemius is innervated by the anterior rami of S1 and S2 spinal nerves, carried by the tibial nerve into the posterior compartment of the leg.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      5.6
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - A 77 year old lady presents to ED with her left leg shortened...

    Correct

    • A 77 year old lady presents to ED with her left leg shortened and externally rotated following slipping and falling on a wet bathroom floor. There is an intracapsular fracture of the neck of femur seen on imaging studies. She is at risk of avascular necrosis of the head of femur.

      This is caused by lack of blood supply from which of these arteries?

      Your Answer: Medial circumflex artery

      Explanation:

      The primary blood supply to the head of the femur is from branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery.

      The superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply the hip joint but not the head of femur.

      The lateral circumflex artery anastomoses with the medial femoral circumflex artery and assists in supplying the head of femur.

      The obturator artery is an important source of blood supply in children up to about 8 years. It gives rise to the artery of the head of femur which runs in the ligamentum teres and is insufficient to supply the head of femur in adults.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      17.5
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - A 36-year-old man presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping...

    Correct

    • A 36-year-old man presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping and falling onto his back and left hip. Upon physical examination, it was noted that he has pain on hip extension, but normal hip abduction.

      Which of the following muscles was most likely injured in this case?

      Your Answer: Gluteus maximus

      Explanation:

      The primary hip extensors are the gluteus maximus and the hamstrings such as the long head of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The extensor head of the adductor magnus is also considered a primary hip extensor.

      The hip abductor muscle group is located on the lateral thigh. The primary hip abductor muscles include the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae.
      The secondary hip abductors include the piriformis, sartorius, and superior fibres of the gluteus maximus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      54.7
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - Which of the following best describes the popliteal artery's course? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following best describes the popliteal artery's course?

      Your Answer: After exiting the popliteal fossa terminates at the lower border of the popliteus muscle

      Explanation:

      The popliteal artery divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the lower border of the popliteus after exiting the popliteal fossa between the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      492.6
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - A patient suffers an injury to his thigh that damages the nerve that...

    Correct

    • A patient suffers an injury to his thigh that damages the nerve that innervates pectineus.
      Which of the following nerves has been damaged in this case? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Femoral nerve

      Explanation:

      Pectineus is innervated by the femoral nerve. It may also receive a branch from the obturator nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      11.9
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - A patient suffers a lower limb fracture that causes damage to the nerve...

    Correct

    • A patient suffers a lower limb fracture that causes damage to the nerve that innervates peroneus brevis.
      Peroneus brevis receives its innervation from which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Superficial peroneal nerve

      Explanation:

      Peroneus brevis is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve.
      Peroneus longus is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve.
      Peroneus tertius is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      11.5
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - The most important nerve for plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle...

    Correct

    • The most important nerve for plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint is:

      Your Answer: Tibial nerve

      Explanation:

      Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg, innervated by the tibial nerve, perform plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint. The fibularis longus (innervated by the superficial fibular nerve) assists in plantar flexion but is not the most important.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      23.1
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - A 42-year-old man presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping...

    Correct

    • A 42-year-old man presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping and falling onto his back and left hip. Upon physical examination, it was noted that he has pain on hip adduction, but normal hip flexion.

      Which of the following muscles was most likely injured in this case?

      Your Answer: Pectineus

      Explanation:

      The hip adductors are a group of five muscles located in the medial compartment of the thigh. These muscles are the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.

      The hip flexors consist of 5 key muscles that contribute to hip flexion: iliacus, psoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, and sartorius.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      29.2
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - Which of the following nerves is most important for eversion of the foot:...

    Correct

    • Which of the following nerves is most important for eversion of the foot:

      Your Answer: Superficial fibular nerve

      Explanation:

      Eversion of the foot is primarily produced by the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis, both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve. The fibularis tertius, innervated by the deep fibular nerve, also assists in this action.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      11.9
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - The extensor digitorum longus is supplied by which nerve? ...

    Incorrect

    • The extensor digitorum longus is supplied by which nerve?

      Your Answer: Tibial nerve

      Correct Answer: Deep peroneal nerve

      Explanation:

      The extensor digitorum longus is innervated by the deep fibular nerve (L5, S1), a branch of the common fibular nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      7
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - Which of the following nerves has been damaged when a patient presents with...

    Correct

    • Which of the following nerves has been damaged when a patient presents with a foot drop?

      Your Answer: Common peroneal nerve

      Explanation:

      The common peroneal nerve often referred to as the common fibular nerve, is a major nerve that innervates the lower extremity. It is one of the two major branches off the sciatic nerve and receives fibres from the posterior divisions of L4 through S2 nerve roots. The common peroneal nerve separates from the sciatic nerve in the distal posterior thigh proximal to the popliteal fossa. After branching off of the sciatic nerve, it continues down the thigh, running posteroinferior to the biceps femoris muscle, and crosses laterally to the head of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle through the posterior intermuscular septum. The nerve then curves around the fibular neck before dividing into two branches, the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) and the deep peroneal nerve (DPN). The common peroneal nerve does not have any motor innervation before dividing; however, it provides sensory innervation to the lateral leg via the lateral sural nerve.

      The superficial peroneal nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg, and the deep peroneal nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg and the dorsum of the foot. These two nerves are essential in the eversion of the foot and dorsiflexion of the foot, respectively. The superficial and deep peroneal nerves provide both motor and sensory innervation.

      The most common presentation with common peroneal nerve injury or palsy is acute foot drop, although symptoms may be progressive and can include sensory loss or pain. Weakness in foot eversion may occur if the superficial peroneal nerve component is involved.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      18
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - A 55 year old man presents to ED complaining of leg weakness. Your...

    Correct

    • A 55 year old man presents to ED complaining of leg weakness. Your colleague has examined the patient and suspects femoral nerve palsy. Which of the following clinical features would you LEAST expect to see on examination of this patient:

      Your Answer: Weakness of hip extension

      Explanation:

      Damage to the femoral nerve results in weakness of hip flexion and knee extension and loss of sensation over the anterior thigh and the anteromedial knee, medial leg and medial foot.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      34.5
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - Regarding the lumbar plexus, which of the following is a direct muscular branch?...

    Correct

    • Regarding the lumbar plexus, which of the following is a direct muscular branch?

      Your Answer: Nerve to quadratus lumborum

      Explanation:

      The lumbar plexus gives rise to several branches which supply various muscles and regions of the posterior abdominal wall and lower limb. These branches include the Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral and obturator nerves.

      In addition, the lumbar plexus gives off muscular branches from its roots, a branch to the lumbosacral trunk and occasionally an accessory obturator nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      6.6
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - Which of the following muscles laterally rotates the hip? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following muscles laterally rotates the hip?

      Your Answer: Gluteus maximus

      Explanation:

      External (lateral) rotation at the hip joint is produced by the gluteus maximus together with a group of 6 small muscles (lateral rotators): piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris and obturator externus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      20
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - A foot drop is a sign of damage to which of the following...

    Incorrect

    • A foot drop is a sign of damage to which of the following nerves?

      Your Answer: Common fibular nerve

      Correct Answer: Deep fibular nerve

      Explanation:

      The deep fibular nerve was previously referred to as the anterior tibial nerve.

      It starts at the common fibular nerve bifurcation, between the fibula and the proximal part of the fibularis longus. Damage to this nerve can cause foot drop or loss of dorsiflexion since this nerve controls the anterior leg muscles.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      32.8
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (25/30) 83%
Lower Limb (25/30) 83%
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