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Question 1
Incorrect
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The ureter is lined by what type of epithelium?
Your Answer: Simple Columnar
Correct Answer: Transitional
Explanation:Ureters are muscular tubes that run from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. It is lined by transitional epithelium.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 2
Incorrect
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Regarding the structure of the detrusor muscle. Which of the following is true?
Your Answer: The detrusor is divided into 2 layers consisting of an inner longitudinal smooth muscle layer and outer circular smooth muscle layer
Correct Answer: The detrusor is divided into 3 layers consisting of inner and outer layers of longitudinal smooth muscle with a middle circular smooth muscle layer
Explanation:The urinary bladder is composed of the transitional epithelium, followed by the lamina propria made up of the fibroelastic connective tissue. The muscularis layer covers the lamina propria which is made up of three poorly defined layers of smooth muscles; the inner longitudinal, middle circular and the outer longitudinal layer. The bladder is covered on the superior surface and the lateral surface by the peritoneum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 3
Incorrect
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) lies within which part of the kidney?
Your Answer: Renal Pelvis
Correct Answer: Renal Cortex
Explanation:The substructures of the nephrons are mainly located within the cortex. The JGA sits next to the glomerulus in the cortex (click on the magnifying glass of the image to see the arrangement). They play an important role in blood pressure homeostasis as the juxtaglomerular cells produce renin. The descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle and collecting ducts have sections within both the cortex and medulla
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Incorrect
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Regarding the pubic symphysis, what type of joint is it
Your Answer: Primary Cartilaginous
Correct Answer: Secondary Cartilaginous
Explanation:The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint. The cartilaginous joints are divided further into primary and secondary joints. The primary joint is called the synchondrosis. It articulates with the pubis of the other side.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 5
Incorrect
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What are the branches of the pudendal nerves in women?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Perineal, inferior anal and dorsal nerve of clitoris
Explanation:The pudendal nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to regions of the anus, the perineum, the labia and the clitoris in women. The nerve is formed from the ventral rami of the S2-S4 sacral spinal nerves. The nerve is paired, each innervating the left and the right side of the body. The nerve gives the following branches in females: the inferior anal nerve, the perineal nerve and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 6
Incorrect
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What is the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Perineal membrane
Explanation:The perineal membrane (also known as the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm) separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches i.e. it is the inferior border of the deep pouch and superior border of the superficial pouch. The deep perineal pouch is the space therefore between superior and inferior layers of the urogenital diaphragm The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is the superior border
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Proximal portion of urethra
Explanation:The deep perineal pouch contains the external urethral sphincter, proximal urethra in females and membranous urethra in males, deep transverse perineal muscles and the glands of cowper.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Incorrect
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The main function of the cilia of the fallopian tube is?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Transport the ovum towards the uterus
Explanation:Cilia are small hair line projections in the fallopian tube. Their main function is to transport the egg through he fallopian tube towards the uterus. It is present in many other tubular organs and its function varies accordingly to the organ.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Incorrect
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Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Para-aortic nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic vessels from the ovaries, joined by vessels from the uterine tubes and most from the fundus of the uterus, follow the ovarian veins as they ascend to the right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 10
Incorrect
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Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ovarian
Explanation:The ovarian artery takes its origin directly from the aorta. While the uterine and the vaginal arteries are all branches of the internal iliac artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 11
Incorrect
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Question 12
Incorrect
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The ascending colon drains into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). What vein does the SMV drain into?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Hepatic portal vein
Explanation:The superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 13
Incorrect
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Leydig cells contain receptors to which hormone?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: LH
Explanation:The Leydig cells contain receptors to the luteinizing hormone which in turn is responsible for the production of testosterone. This circulates in the body predominantly bound to transport proteins and to a lesser extent to albumin.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 14
Incorrect
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spine is the anatomical landmark for assessing the station of the fetal head and also placing pudendal nerve blocks. (the pudendal nerve runs posterior to the ischial spine). The ischial spine can be palpated approximately 8cm into the vagina, at 4 and 8 o’clock.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 15
Incorrect
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At the time of delivery, if there is a laceration of perineal body but not the anal sphincter, this type of laceration is classified as?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Second degree
Explanation:Perineal tears are common at the time of child birth. First degree perineal laceration means that the wound is so small that it doesn’t require any stitches and usually heals on its own. 2nd degree means that skin and smooth muscles are both torn. 3rd degree tear means that the tear is beyond the perineal muscles and the muscles surrounding the anal canal, while in 4th degree, the perineal tear goes through the anal sphincter up to the rectum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 16
Incorrect
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) lies within which part of the kidney?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Renal Cortex
Explanation:The juxtaglomerular apparatus is the main site for the production of renin. It plays an important role in the regulation of the blood pressure. These structures are mainly located in the cortex of the kidneys.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 17
Incorrect
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The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Conjoint tendon
Explanation:The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal and lacunar ligaments are part of the floor The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 18
Incorrect
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The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ilium
Explanation:Arcuate means ‘bow shaped’ and there are different arcuate lines in anatomical terms. Regarding the pelvic brim this is composed of the arcuate line of the ilium, pectineal line and prominences of sacrum and pubic symphysis (as demonstrated in the images below). As can be seen the arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium inferior to the iliac fossa and Iliacus. Image sourced from Wikipedia Note: The pelvic outlet is also called the inferior aperture. The pelvic brim is the superior aperture
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 19
Incorrect
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How many seminiferous tubules would you typically expect to find in a testicular lobule?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: 2
Explanation:There are between 250 and 400 lobules in each testis. The lobule is a structural unit of the testis with each lobule contained in one of the intervals between fibrous septa which extend between the mediastinum testis and the tunica albuginea. Each lobule contains 1 to 3 seminiferous tubules.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 20
Incorrect
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The broad ligament contains which of the following structures?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Uterine artery
Explanation:The contents of the broad ligament:
Fallopian tubes
Ovarian artery
Uterine artery
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament of uterus -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 21
Incorrect
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From which of the following spinal segments do both the internal and external anal sphincters receive their innervation?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: S4
Explanation:The anal sphincters are responsible for closing the anal canal to the passage of faeces and flatus. The smooth muscle of the involuntary internal sphincter sustains contraction to prevent the leakage of faeces between bowel movements and is innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which are a branch of the spinal segment 4. The external sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle and can therefore contract and relax voluntarily. Its innervation comes from the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve, and the perineal branch of S4 nerve roots.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 22
Incorrect
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Sensory supply to the clitoris is via branches of which nerve?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Pudendal nerve
Explanation:The Pudendal nerve divides into inferior rectal, perineal and dorsal nerve of the clitoris (or penis in males). The dorsal nerve of clitoris supplies sensory innervation to the clitoris. The perineal branch supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the labia majora and minora and the vestibule.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 23
Incorrect
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The ovarian artery is a branch of the:
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Aorta
Explanation:The ovarian artery is an artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary in females. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary, anterior to the ovarian vein and ureter.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 24
Incorrect
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The posterior scrotal artery is a branch of which artery?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Internal Pudendal
Explanation:The posterior scrotal artery is a terminal branch of the perineal artery which is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 25
Incorrect
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Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Pudendal Nerve
Explanation:The pudendal nerve is formed by sacral nerve roots S2, S3 and S4 almost immediately as they exit the spinal foramina. The pudendal nerve exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, travels behind the sacrospinous ligament before re-entering the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen. It is an important nerve to be aware of as it supplies sensation to the genitalia and can also be damaged/compressed at a number of places along its course. Image sourced from Wikipedia
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 26
Incorrect
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Question 27
Incorrect
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The inferior 1/3 of the rectum is principally supplied by which artery?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Middle rectal artery
Explanation:Remember the inferior rectal artery supplies the anus. The middle rectal artery is the principle supply to the lower 1/3 rectum. The rectal arteries do form an anastomosis.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 28
Incorrect
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The ureters receive autonomic supply from which spinal segments?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: T11-L2
Explanation:The ureters receive innervation by a number of nerve plexuses. The nerves supplying the ureters originate from spinal segments T11 to L2. When you think about ureteric colic giving classic ‘loin to groin’ pain it is because the pain is referred to these dermatomes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 29
Incorrect
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Regarding molding of the fetal head, which one is true?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Does NOT have time to occur in breech delivery
Explanation:Molding allows the skull bones of the fetal head some mobility during the normal delivery of foetus as the skull changes its shape to accommodate passage through the mothers pelvis. However this does not occur in breach delivery where the skull is in circular shape. Babies born breech typically have craniofacial and limb deformations resulting from their in utero position. These babies characteristically have a long, narrow head, (“dolichocephaly” or “type 1”), with a prominent occipital shelf, redundant skin over the neck, overlapping lambdoidal sutures, and an indentation below their ears (from shoulder compression).
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 30
Incorrect
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Which of the following takes part in the arterial supply of the ovary?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Uterine arteries
Explanation:The ovarian arteries, arising from the abdominal aorta and the ascending uterine arteries which are branches of the internal iliac artery all supply the ovaries. They terminate by bifurcating into the ovarian and tubal branches and anastomose with the contralateral branches providing a collateral circulation.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
