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  • Question 1 - Fibrinoid necrosis is typically seen in which of the following: ...

    Incorrect

    • Fibrinoid necrosis is typically seen in which of the following:

      Your Answer: Tuberculosis

      Correct Answer: Malignant hypertension

      Explanation:

      Fibrinoid necrosis occurs in malignant hypertension where increased arterial pressure results in necrosis of smooth muscle wall. Eosinophilic and fibrinous deposits are seen.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      13.5
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - You are about to perform a blood test on a patient suspected of...

    Correct

    • You are about to perform a blood test on a patient suspected of having systemic lupus erythematosus. Which antibodies will indicate a positive result of systemic lupus erythematosus?

      Your Answer: Anti-nuclear antibodies

      Explanation:

      Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are autoantibodies to the cells’ nucleus.

      The ANA test is the most sensitive diagnostic test for verifying the disease’s diagnosis.

      Other autoantibodies that may be found in SLE patients include rheumatoid factor, antiphospholipid antibodies, and antimitochondrial antibodies.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      24.8
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Typically, granulomatous inflammation is associated with one of the following infections: ...

    Correct

    • Typically, granulomatous inflammation is associated with one of the following infections:

      Your Answer: Tuberculosis

      Explanation:

      Granulomatous inflammation is typically seen when an infective agent with a digestion-resistance capsule (e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or a piece of inert foreign material (such as suture or glass) is introduced into the tissue. A transient acute inflammatory response occurs and when this is ineffective in eradicating the stimulus, chronic inflammation occurs.

      Tuberculosis is the prototype of the granulomatous diseases, but sarcoidosis, cat-scratch disease, lymphogranuloma inguinale, leprosy, brucellosis, syphilis, some mycotic infections, berylliosis, reactions of irritant lipids, and some autoimmune diseases are also included

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      17.8
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Caseous necrosis is typically seen in which of the following: ...

    Correct

    • Caseous necrosis is typically seen in which of the following:

      Your Answer: Tuberculosis

      Explanation:

      Caseous necrosis is most commonly seen in tuberculosis. Histologically, the complete loss of normal tissue architecture is replaced by amorphous, granular and eosinophilic tissue with a variable amount of fat and an appearance reminiscent of cottage cheese.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      5.6
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - C-reactive protein (CRP) synthesis is predominantly stimulated by which of the following cytokines:...

    Correct

    • C-reactive protein (CRP) synthesis is predominantly stimulated by which of the following cytokines:

      Your Answer: IL-6

      Explanation:

      Activated leukocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells all release interleukin 6 (IL-6), a significant proinflammatory cytokine. The main downstream mediator of the acute phase response is C-reactive protein, which is predominantly produced by IL-6–dependent hepatic biosynthesis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      9.8
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Fat necrosis is typically seen in which of the following: ...

    Correct

    • Fat necrosis is typically seen in which of the following:

      Your Answer: Acute pancreatitis

      Explanation:

      Fat necrosis typically occurs following either direct trauma or from enzymatic lipolysis in acute pancreatitis, where release of triglyceride elicits a rapid inflammatory response and fat is phagocytosed by neutrophils and macrophages with subsequent fibrosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      7.3
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly seen in which of the following conditions: ...

    Incorrect

    • Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly seen in which of the following conditions:

      Your Answer: Myocardial infarction

      Correct Answer: Ischaemic stroke

      Explanation:

      Liquefactive necrosis results in the loss of all cellular structure and the formation of a soft, semi-solid mass. This is commonly seen in the brain after a cerebral infarction.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      5.4
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following cytokines is important for the maintenance of granulomatous inflammation:...

    Correct

    • Which of the following cytokines is important for the maintenance of granulomatous inflammation:

      Your Answer: TNF-alpha

      Explanation:

      Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation that is encountered in a limited number of infectious and some non-infectious conditions. Briefly, a granuloma is a cellular attempt to contain an offending agent that is difficult to eradicate. In this attempt, there is often strong activation of T lymphocytes leading to macrophage activation, which can cause injury to normal tissues. IL-1 is important in initiating granuloma formation, IL-2 can cause them to enlarge and TNF-α maintains them.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      58.3
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Coagulative necrosis is typically seen in which of the following: ...

    Incorrect

    • Coagulative necrosis is typically seen in which of the following:

      Your Answer: Acute pancreatitis

      Correct Answer: Myocardial infarction

      Explanation:

      Coagulative necrosis is the most common form of necrosis characterised by the loss of cell nuclei, but with general preservation of the underlying architecture. Dead tissue is macroscopically pale and firm. This is the classic pattern seen in myocardial infarction.Liquefactive necrosis leads to complete loss of cellular structure and conversion into a soft, semi-solid mass. This is typically seen in the brain following cerebral infarction.Caseous necrosis is most commonly seen in tuberculosis. Histologically, the complete loss of normal tissue architecture is replaced by amorphous, granular and eosinophilic tissue with a variable amount of fat and an appearance reminiscent of cottage cheese.Gangrenous necrosis is necrosis with putrefaction of tissues due to exposure to air (dry gangrene) or infection (wet gangrene).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      18.8
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal features of acute...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal features of acute inflammation:

      Your Answer: Discharge

      Explanation:

      Classic signs:
      Rubor (redness)
      Calor (heat)
      Dolour (pain)
      Tumour (swelling)
      Functio laesa (loss of function)
      These classic signs are produced by a rapid vascular response and cellular events. The main function of these events is to bring elements of the immune system to the site of injury and prevent further tissue damage.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      11.1
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Inflammatory Responses (7/10) 70%
Pathology (7/10) 70%
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