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Question 1
Incorrect
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A patient is on the ward with a mechanical mitral valve. There is no history of VTE. What is the target INR?
Your Answer: 2.0 - 3.0
Correct Answer: 2.5 - 3.5
Explanation:With the use of warfarin, strict control of the INR is compulsory. After mitral valve replacement the INR should ideally be kept between 2.5-3.5. If the Ball and Cage or the Tilting Disc is used as a prosthetic valve then the target INR is 3.5, for bi-leaflets the target INR is 3.0 and for biological valves the target INR is 2.5.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 2
Incorrect
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Question 3
Correct
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Question 4
Incorrect
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Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for Diazepam overdose?
Your Answer: Naloxone
Correct Answer: Flumazenil
Explanation:Flumazenil is used for benzodiazepine overdose.
Naloxone is used for opioid overdose.
Parvolex (N-acetyl cysteine) is used for paracetamol overdose.
Protamine can be used for Heparin reversal.
Beriplex can be used for Warfarin reversal. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 5
Incorrect
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Tamoxifen is associated with an increased risk of which of the following?
Your Answer: Ovarian cancer
Correct Answer: Endometrial cancer
Explanation:Tamoxifen is a SERM that is effective in treating hormone-responsive breast cancer, it acts as an antagonist to prevent receptor activation by endogenous oestrogen. As agonist of the endometrial receptors it promotes endometrial hyperplasia and hence increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 6
Incorrect
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Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of Promethazine?
Your Answer: Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Correct Answer: Histamine H1-receptor antagonist
Explanation:Promethazine is type of antihistamine that acts on the H1 receptor. In pregnancy NICE guidelines advise oral promethazine or oral cyclizine should be used as 1st line drug management of nausea and vomiting. Both are H1 antagonists.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Which of the following best describes Clomiphene?
Your Answer: Progesterone antagonist
Correct Answer: Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulator
Explanation:Clomiphene is a non-steroidal compound with tissue selective actions. It is used to induce ovulation in women who wish to become pregnant. It is a selective oestrogen receptor modulators.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 8
Correct
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An 26 year old patient currently 9 weeks pregnant. This is her 1st pregnancy. She has been suffering with nausea and vomiting that has failed to respond to conservative measures including ginger, dietary changes and acupuncture. She wants to start medical therapy. Which of the following is 1st line drug treatment according to NICE guidance?
Your Answer: Promethazine
Explanation:Promethazine or Cyclizine are 1st choice options for management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy according to NICE. Prochlorperazine is also appropriate 1st line.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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Question 9
Incorrect
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Question 10
Correct
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Tamoxifen is associated with an increased risk of which of the following?
Your Answer: Endometrial cancer
Explanation:Tamoxifen is an oestrogen antagonist in breast tissue but it acts as a partial oestrogen agonist on the endometrium increasing the risk of hyperplasia and has been linked to endometrial cancer. Tamoxifen improves bone density in post-menopausal women. It is an off license treatment for gynaecomastia. Reduced lactation is a potential side effect of Tamoxifen.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Pharmacology
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
