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  • Question 1 - A 39-year-old woman is feeling unwell one week after a parathyroid surgery.

    Which of...

    Correct

    • A 39-year-old woman is feeling unwell one week after a parathyroid surgery.

      Which of the following stimulates release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

      Your Answer: Increased plasma phosphate concentration

      Explanation:

      PTH is synthesised and released from the chief cells of the four parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid gland.
      It is a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids and it controls free calcium in the body.

      The following stimuli causes release of PTH:
      Increased plasma phosphate concentration
      Decreased plasma calcium concentration

      PTH release is inhibited by:
      Normal or increased plasma calcium concentration
      Hypomagnesaemia

      The main actions of PTH are:
      Increases plasma calcium concentration
      Decreases plasma phosphate concentration
      Increases osteoclastic activity (increasing calcium and phosphate resorption from bone)
      Increases renal tubular reabsorption of calcium
      Decreases renal phosphate reabsorption
      Increases renal conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (via stimulation of 1-alpha hydroxylase)
      Increases calcium and phosphate absorption in the small intestine (indirectly via increased 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrine Physiology
      • Physiology
      25
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - You see a patient in the Emergency Department with features consistent with a...

    Correct

    • You see a patient in the Emergency Department with features consistent with a diagnosis of type I diabetes mellitus.

      Which of these is MOST suggestive of type I diabetes mellitus?

      Your Answer: History of recent weight loss

      Explanation:

      A history of recent weight loss is very suggestive of an absolute deficiency of insulin seen in type I diabetes mellitus.

      An age of onset of less than 20 years makes a diagnosis of type I diabetes mellitus more likely. However, an increasing number of obese children and young people are being diagnosed with type II diabetes.

      Microalbuminuria, peripheral neuropathy, and retinopathy all occur in both type I and type II diabetes mellitus. They are not more suggestive of type I DM.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrine Physiology
      • Physiology
      10.4
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Endocrine Physiology (2/2) 100%
Physiology (2/2) 100%
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