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  • Question 1 - Which afferent information is carried by the dorsal column? ...

    Correct

    • Which afferent information is carried by the dorsal column?

      Your Answer: Proprioception/ discriminative touch

      Explanation:

      The posterior grey column (dorsal column) is responsible for carrying the sensation of proprioception, two-point discrimination, and vibration to the nucleus proprius, situated anterior to the substantia gelatinosa throughout the spinal cord.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      22.3
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which of the following are exclusively innervated by parasympathetic nerves? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following are exclusively innervated by parasympathetic nerves?

      Your Answer: Sweat glands

      Correct Answer: Circular muscle of iris

      Explanation:

      Circular muscle of iris is exclusively supplied by the parasympathetic nerves.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      11.6
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - A typical sleep cycle from stage 1 to the end of REM sleep...

    Correct

    • A typical sleep cycle from stage 1 to the end of REM sleep in a normal adult is approximately how long?

      Your Answer: 90 min

      Explanation:

      A single sleep cycle has stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and REM (Rapid eye movement). These stages progress cyclically from 1 through to REM and then begin again with stage 1. A complete sleep cycle takes an average of 90-110 minutes, with each stage lasting between 5 to 15 minutes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      8.9
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Where do the spinothalamic axons decussate? ...

    Correct

    • Where do the spinothalamic axons decussate?

      Your Answer: Spinal cord

      Explanation:

      The second order neurons from the spinothalamic tract cross obliquely to the opposite side in the anterior grey and white commissure within one segment of the spinal cord.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      8.6
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which one of the following neurotransmitters is considered a monoamine? ...

    Correct

    • Which one of the following neurotransmitters is considered a monoamine?

      Your Answer: Dopamine

      Explanation:

      Monoamines are a class of neurotransmitters that include:

      1. Dopamine: A neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and motor control.
      2. Norepinephrine: A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, attention, and stress responses.
      3. Serotonin: Although not listed in the options, it is another key monoamine involved in mood regulation.

      The other neurotransmitters listed are not monoamines:

      • Acetylcholine: This is a different type of neurotransmitter involved in muscle activation and various brain functions.
      • GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid): This is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
      • Glutamate: This is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
      • Glycine: An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      11.7
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Regarding the formation of CSF, which of the following is true? ...

    Correct

    • Regarding the formation of CSF, which of the following is true?

      Your Answer: Its composition resembles that of brain ECF

      Explanation:

      In normal adults CSF volume is around 125ml to 150ml. Turnover of entire volume of cerebrospinal fluid a day is about 3 to 4 times a day. Composition of CSF is similar to that of plasma except that CSF is nearly protein-free compared with plasma and has a different electrolyte level. About 80% of CSF is produced by the choroid plexus. It is also produced by a single layer of column shaped ependymal cells. The composition and rate of CSF generation depends on several factors and is influenced by hormones and the content and pressure of blood and CSF.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      46.4
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - In Argyll Robertson pupils… ...

    Incorrect

    • In Argyll Robertson pupils…

      Your Answer: The light response is lost

      Correct Answer: All of the options given

      Explanation:

      Argyll Robertson pupils are bilaterally small pupils that accommodate or reduce in size near an object but do not react to light. They do not constrict when exposed to bright light. They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis but may be seen in diabetic neuropathy as well.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      15.1
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Regarding gustatory sensation: ...

    Correct

    • Regarding gustatory sensation:

      Your Answer: The sensory taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue travel to the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

      Explanation:

      There are three morphologically distinct types of taste buds including; circumvallate, fungiform and foliate. Circumvallate are rounded structures arranged in a v on the back of the tongue. The posterior third travels to glossopharyngeal nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      28.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Choose the correct answer: fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle: ...

    Incorrect

    • Choose the correct answer: fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle:

      Your Answer: Are mainly lateral spinothalamic tracts

      Correct Answer: Are mainly ventral spinocerebellar tracts from the cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus and red nucleus

      Explanation:

      There are three cerebellar peduncles with different connections and functions. The three are mainly, superior, middle and inferior. The superior cerebellar peduncle is also known as the “Brachium conjunctivum”. It predominantly contains efferent fibers from the cerebellar nuclei, as well as some afferents from the spinocerebellar tract. The efferent pathways include cerebellorubral, dentatothalamic, and fastigioreticular fibers. These are tracts projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus and red nucleus. The middle cerebellar peduncle connects to the pontine nucleus and the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts run through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

      The superior cerebellar peduncle contains vital afferent and efferent fibers including cerebellothalamic, cerebellorubral and ventrospinocerebellar tracts.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      21.6
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which of the following forms the language areas of the cerebral cortex? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following forms the language areas of the cerebral cortex?

      Your Answer: All of the above

      Explanation:

      Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the submarginal sulcus and the angular gyrus all form the language areas of the cerebral cortex.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      21.4
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve include the following except: ...

    Incorrect

    • Functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve include the following except:

      Your Answer: Transmission of sensory input from posterior 1/3 of the tongue

      Correct Answer: Proprioceptive input from muscles of the tongue and larynx

      Explanation:

      The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed nerve consisting of both sensory and motor fibers. It has several branches and five distinct general functions:Branchial motor- Special visceral efferent- supplies the Stylopharyngeus muscle and superior constrictor muscle.Visceral motor- general visceral efferent- provides parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland.Visceral sensory- general visceral afferent- carries visceral sensory information from the carotid sinus and carotid body.General sensory- general somatic afferent- provides general sensory information from the inner surface of the tympanic membrane, upper pharynx and posterior one third of the tongue.Visceral afferent- special visceral afferent- provides taste sensation from the posterior one third of the tongue including the circumvallate papillae.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      35.7
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Activation of the cool receptor (CMR-1), causes: ...

    Correct

    • Activation of the cool receptor (CMR-1), causes:

      Your Answer: Influx of Ca++ & Na+

      Explanation:

      Cold and Menthol receptor 1 (CMR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by TRPM8 gene. It is an ion channel which upon activation causes the influx of Na+ and Ca++ ions into the cell that leads to the depolarization and generation of an action potential.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      15.7
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - The midbrain, medulla and pons, contain the following cranial nerve nuclei? ...

    Correct

    • The midbrain, medulla and pons, contain the following cranial nerve nuclei?

      Your Answer: CN 3 - 12

      Explanation:

      The cranial nerves (with the exception of I and II) originate in the brainstem, which includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      3.9
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - The parasympathetic function of the facial nerve is: ...

    Correct

    • The parasympathetic function of the facial nerve is:

      Your Answer: Secretion of tears from lacrimal glands, secretion of saliva from the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands.

      Explanation:

      Facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) has both sensory and motor components so it is a mixed nerve. It carries axons of:General somatic afferent – to skin and the posterior earGeneral visceral efferent – which innervate sublingual, submandibular and lacrimal glands and the mucosa of the nasal cavity.General visceral afferent – provide sensation to soft palate and parts of the nasal cavity.Special visceral efferent – innervate muscles of facial expression and stapedius, the posterior belly of the digastric and the stylohyoid musclesSpecial visceral afferent – provide taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue via chorda tympani.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      23.7
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - Choose the correct answer: The cerebrocerebellum… ...

    Incorrect

    • Choose the correct answer: The cerebrocerebellum…

      Your Answer: Output to the thalamus, red nucleus and motor cortex is via the superior cerebellar peduncle

      Correct Answer: All options are correct

      Explanation:

      Cerebrocerebellum is comprised of two lateral regions, the cerebellar hemispheres and communicates with the cerebral cortex. It is principally responsible for controlling coordination of movement. Three fiber bundles carry the input and output of the cerebellum. There are three cerebellar peduncles with different connections and functions. The three are mainly, superior, middle and inferior. The superior cerebellar peduncle is also known as the “Brachium conjunctivum”. It predominantly contains efferent fibers from the cerebellar nuclei, as well as some afferents from the spinocerebellar tract. The efferent pathways include cerebellorubral, dentatothalamic, and fastigioreticular fibers. These are tracts projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus and red nucleus. The middle cerebellar peduncle connects to the pontine nucleus and the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts run through the superior cerebellar peduncle

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      27.8
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - The main reason for the prolonged effect of the withdrawal reflex is: ...

    Incorrect

    • The main reason for the prolonged effect of the withdrawal reflex is:

      Your Answer: Fast afferent conduction

      Correct Answer: Multiple connections between afferent and efferent neurons

      Explanation:

      The withdrawal reflex is a spinal reflex that protects the body from harmful stimuli. Spinal reflexes are mostly monosynaptic and are mediated by a simple reflex arc. Withdrawal reflex is mediated by a polysynaptic reflex resulting in stimulation of many motor neurons in order to establish a quick and prolonged response.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      28.7
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which receptor type is associated with bronchial muscle relaxation? ...

    Correct

    • Which receptor type is associated with bronchial muscle relaxation?

      Your Answer: β2

      Explanation:

      β2-adrenoceptors are widely distributed in the respiratory tract. When they are activated, an intracellular response induces the activation of cyclic AMP; this, in turn, produces airway relaxation through phosphorylation of muscle regulatory proteins and modification of cellular Ca2+concentrations.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      12.8
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - The nucleus tractus solitaries is medullary nucleus that processes the following inputs except:...

    Correct

    • The nucleus tractus solitaries is medullary nucleus that processes the following inputs except:

      Your Answer: Sensory input from the semi-circular canal (CN VIII)

      Explanation:

      Located in the brain stem is a series of purely sensory nuclei known as tractus solitaries. Inputs of the nucleus tractus solitaries include:Taste information from the facial nerve (anterior 2/3 of the tongue), glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior 1/3) and vagus nerve (small area on the epiglottis).Sensory information from the ear (auricular branch of the vagus nerve).Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) in the carotid body via glossopharyngeal nerve, aortic bodies, and the sinoatrial node, via the vagus nerve.Chemically and mechanically sensitive neurons of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) with endings located in the heart, lungs, airways, gastrointestinal system, pharynx, and liver via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      3.3
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - The reticular formation occupies which area of the brain? ...

    Incorrect

    • The reticular formation occupies which area of the brain?

      Your Answer: Thalamic nuclei

      Correct Answer: Medulla and midbrain

      Explanation:

      The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located along the brainstem.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      7.1
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - The superior orbital fissure is the site of entry/exit for which of the...

    Incorrect

    • The superior orbital fissure is the site of entry/exit for which of the following group of nerves?

      Your Answer: CN III, IV, V3, VI

      Correct Answer: CN III, IV, V1, VI

      Explanation:

      The superior and inferior divisions of oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic V1 and the abducens nerve (VI)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      31.4
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - Which of the following tracts are involved in the control of vital functions?...

    Correct

    • Which of the following tracts are involved in the control of vital functions?

      Your Answer: Reticulospinal

      Explanation:

      Reticulospinal tract pass down from the reticular formation of the mid brain, pons and medulla. It descends in the lateral white column. Both sets of fibers enter the anterior grey column and may facilitate or inhibit the gamma and alpha neurons. By this means the reticulospinal tract controls voluntary and reflex activities. It also contains the descending autonomic fiber, thus providing a pathway for the hypothalamus to control the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      9.6
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - The pontine tegmentum as part of the midbrain, contains which cranial nerve nuclei?...

    Correct

    • The pontine tegmentum as part of the midbrain, contains which cranial nerve nuclei?

      Your Answer: CN 5 to 8

      Explanation:

      The pontine tegmentum also known as dorsal pons is located within the brain stem. Several cranial nerve nuclei are located in the pontine tegmentum. The nuclei of CN V, CN VI, CN VII and CNVIII are located in the pontine tegmentum.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      20.6
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - Myelin sheath in the CNS is produced by? ...

    Correct

    • Myelin sheath in the CNS is produced by?

      Your Answer: Oligodendrocytes

      Explanation:

      CNS myelin is produced by special cells called oligodendrocytes. PNS myelin is produced by Schwann cells. The two types of myelin are chemically different, but they both perform the same function — to promote efficient transmission of a nerve impulse along the axon.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      5.4
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - Which of the following is the smallest cell of the nervous system? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is the smallest cell of the nervous system?

      Your Answer: Microglia

      Explanation:

      Microglia are the smallest of the neuroglial cells in the nervous system. They are scattered throughout the central nervous system and have phagocytic properties.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      6.2
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - Cranial nerves VI, VII, VIII enter/exit the base of the brain at the:...

    Correct

    • Cranial nerves VI, VII, VIII enter/exit the base of the brain at the:

      Your Answer: Ponto-medullary junction

      Explanation:

      Cranial nerves III, IV and V exit from the pons, VI, VII, VIII exit from the pontomedullary junction and cranial nerve IX, X, XI, XII exit from the medulla.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      13.2
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - The thalamic main input from the cortex is via which tracts? ...

    Incorrect

    • The thalamic main input from the cortex is via which tracts?

      Your Answer: Corticospinal tracts

      Correct Answer: Thalamocortical pathway

      Explanation:

      The thalamus is connected to cerebral cortex via the thalamocortical radiation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      31.7
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - Interruption of the left optic tract will result in which visual field defect?...

    Correct

    • Interruption of the left optic tract will result in which visual field defect?

      Your Answer: Right homonymous hemianopia

      Explanation:

      Right homonymous hemianopia is due to a lesion or pressure on the left optic tract. Total blindness of the left eye is due to a complete occlusion of the left optic nerve. Bipolar hemianopia is due to a midline chiasmal lesion. Left nasal hemianopia due to a lesion involving the left perichiasmal area. Right homonymous inferior quadrantanopia is due to involvement of the lower left optic radiations.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      27.3
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - Where do the meningeal veins lie? ...

    Correct

    • Where do the meningeal veins lie?

      Your Answer: Endosteal layer of the dura

      Explanation:

      Meningeal veins lie in the endosteal layer of the dura. The veins lie lateral to the arteries.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      14.5
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - Choose the correct answer: The interposed nuclei… ...

    Incorrect

    • Choose the correct answer: The interposed nuclei…

      Your Answer: All of the above

      Correct Answer: Are the emboliform and globose nuclei in the paravermis

      Explanation:

      The interposed nuclei are a part of deep cerebellar complex and are composed of the globose nucleus and the emboliform nucleus. It receives afferent fibers from the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and sends output via the superior cerebellar peduncle to the red nucleus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      20.7
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - Afferent A δ fibers from nociceptors terminate primarily on neurons in which lamina:...

    Incorrect

    • Afferent A δ fibers from nociceptors terminate primarily on neurons in which lamina:

      Your Answer: I and II

      Correct Answer: I and V

      Explanation:

      Nociceptors are receptors of pain sensation. There are 2 primary afferent/sensory pain fibers which transmit impulses from the receptor to the CNS, specifically to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The two fibers are A δ and C fibers. The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is the relay centre for sensory information converging from the periphery. Grey matter of the dorsal horn is subdivided in to laminae based on cytoarchitecture. C fibers terminate in lamina II the substantia gelatinosa. A δ fibers terminate primarily in lamina I but some project more deeply to terminate in lamina V.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      11.3
      Seconds

  • Question 31 - Which neurotransmitter is found in the postganglionic parasympathetic synaptic cleft? ...

    Correct

    • Which neurotransmitter is found in the postganglionic parasympathetic synaptic cleft?

      Your Answer: Acetylcholine

      Explanation:

      Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released from the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron into the synaptic cleft and also by some postganglionic sympathetic neurons as well.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      9.9
      Seconds

  • Question 32 - The layers of the neocortex from the 1st to the 6th are arranged...

    Incorrect

    • The layers of the neocortex from the 1st to the 6th are arranged as follows:

      Your Answer: Multiform, external granular, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal, molecular

      Correct Answer: Molecular, external granular, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal, multiform

      Explanation:

      The layers of neocortex from outermost to innermost include: the molecular, external granular layer, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal and multiform layer.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      50.6
      Seconds

  • Question 33 - On which presynaptic receptor does noradrenalin act to inhibit noradrenalin secretion? ...

    Correct

    • On which presynaptic receptor does noradrenalin act to inhibit noradrenalin secretion?

      Your Answer: Α2 receptor

      Explanation:

      Adregenic receptors are A1, A2, B1, B2, B3. Out of these, the function of the A2 receptor is inhibition of transmitter release including nor adrenalin and acetylcholine of the autonomic nervous system.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      18.3
      Seconds

  • Question 34 - Which receptor type is associated with the inhibition of pancreatic endocrine secretion? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which receptor type is associated with the inhibition of pancreatic endocrine secretion?

      Your Answer: M2

      Correct Answer: Α2

      Explanation:

      The activation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in pancreatic beta-cells works by inhibiting the secretion of insulin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      23.1
      Seconds

  • Question 35 - The cavernous sinus is? ...

    Correct

    • The cavernous sinus is?

      Your Answer: Lateral to the body of the sphenoid

      Explanation:

      It is a venous sinus which creates a cavity called the lateral sellar compartment bordered by the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone. There are 2 on either side. It is about 1cm wide and extends from the posterior aspect of the orbit to the petrous part of the temporal bone. They sit on either side or lateral to the sphenoid bone.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      13
      Seconds

  • Question 36 - An exaggerated response to a noxious stimulus is called: ...

    Correct

    • An exaggerated response to a noxious stimulus is called:

      Your Answer: Hyperalgesia

      Explanation:

      Allodynia is the sensation of pain following non-painful stimulation.

      Hyperalgesia is enhanced intensity of pain sensation.

      Causalgia is a constant burning pain resulting from peripheral nerve injury.

      Hyperesthesia is the abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of sense.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      3.8
      Seconds

  • Question 37 - The nucleus ambiguus: ...

    Incorrect

    • The nucleus ambiguus:

      Your Answer: All of the above

      Correct Answer: Regulates swallowing, phonation and parasympathetic supply to the heart via CN IX, X and XI

      Explanation:

      Nucleus Ambiguus is a group of large motor neurons found deep in the medullary reticular formation. It contains cell bodies of nerves that are responsible for the innervation of muscles of speech and swallowing which are located in the soft palate, pharynx and larynx. Additionally, it contains cholinergic preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the heart via CN X, IX and XI

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      18.5
      Seconds

  • Question 38 - The consensual light reflex is co-ordinated mainly in the: ...

    Incorrect

    • The consensual light reflex is co-ordinated mainly in the:

      Your Answer: Superior nucleus

      Correct Answer: Edinger-Westphal nucleus

      Explanation:

      The consensual light reflex occurs when an individual’s right eye is shielded and light shines into the left eye, constriction of the right pupil will occur, as well as the left. This is because the afferent signal sent through one optic nerve connects to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, whose axons run to both the right and the left oculomotor nerves.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      3.8
      Seconds

  • Question 39 - In the basal ganglia, the Lentiform nucleus is formed by which two nuclei?...

    Incorrect

    • In the basal ganglia, the Lentiform nucleus is formed by which two nuclei?

      Your Answer: Globus pallidus and substantia nigra

      Correct Answer: Putamen and Globus pallidus

      Explanation:

      The Basal Ganglia are composed of the following structures: Caudate, putamen, Globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra.

      The Lentiform nucleus is a biconvex structure located within the basal ganglia of the brain. It is composed of two nuclei:

      1. Putamen: This is the outer part of the Lentiform nucleus and is involved in regulating movements and various types of learning.
      2. Globus pallidus: This is the inner part of the Lentiform nucleus and is divided into two segments: the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi). It plays a key role in the regulation of voluntary movement.

      These two structures together form the Lentiform nucleus, which is an integral part of the basal ganglia system involved in motor control.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      17.4
      Seconds

  • Question 40 - A lesion that interrupts one optic nerve causes blindness: ...

    Incorrect

    • A lesion that interrupts one optic nerve causes blindness:

      Your Answer: In the eye on the contralateral side

      Correct Answer: In the eye on the same side as the optic nerve

      Explanation:

      The optic nerve on each side contains medial and lateral fibers originating from the retina. Medial fibers cross at the optic chiasm and become the optic tract ending in the visual cortex of the occipital lobe. If there is a lesion interrupting the “optic nerve” on one side, the same side eye will be completely blind.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      20.3
      Seconds

  • Question 41 - What is found in the posterior cavity of the eye? ...

    Correct

    • What is found in the posterior cavity of the eye?

      Your Answer: Vitreous humor

      Explanation:

      The eye ball contains an anterior cavity and a posterior cavity. The anterior cavity once again is divided into the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The anterior cavity is filled with aqueous humor whereas the posterior cavity contains vitreous humor.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      25.1
      Seconds

  • Question 42 - The primary visual cortex is located in the: ...

    Incorrect

    • The primary visual cortex is located in the:

      Your Answer: Pretectal region

      Correct Answer: Occipital lobe

      Explanation:

      The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      5.9
      Seconds

  • Question 43 - The pathway responsible for the discriminative aspect of pain, is called the: ...

    Incorrect

    • The pathway responsible for the discriminative aspect of pain, is called the:

      Your Answer: Palaeospinothalamic tract

      Correct Answer: Neospinothalamic tract

      Explanation:

      The spinothalamic tract is an ascending or a sensory tract, responsible for transmission of pain and temperature. The neospinothalamic tract is responsible for fast pain or discriminative pain whereas the palaeospinothalamic tract is responsible for transmission of slow pain.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      7.7
      Seconds

  • Question 44 - Regarding taste threshold and intensity discrimination: ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding taste threshold and intensity discrimination:

      Your Answer: 10% change in concentration of substance tasted is necessary before an intensity difference can be detected

      Correct Answer: 30% change in concentration of substance tasted is necessary before an intensity difference can be detected

      Explanation:

      The ability of humans to differentiate differences in intensity of taste is poor. A 30% change in the concentration of the substance being tasted is required before an intensity difference is perceived.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      9.1
      Seconds

  • Question 45 - Which one of the following nerve fibers is involved in proprioception? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following nerve fibers is involved in proprioception?

      Your Answer: A δ fiber

      Correct Answer: An α fiber

      Explanation:

      Proprioception, also known as kinaesthesia, is the sense through which humans perceive their own position and movements. α nerve fibers are specifically involved in transmitting proprioception stimuli.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      17.8
      Seconds

  • Question 46 - Wernicke’s area: ...

    Incorrect

    • Wernicke’s area:

      Your Answer: Is concerned with fine tuning detailed and coordinated patterns for vocalization

      Correct Answer: Is concerned with comprehension of auditory and visual information

      Explanation:

      Wernicke’s area is located in the categorical hemisphere or left hemisphere in about 95% of right handed individuals and 60% of left handed individuals. It is involved in the comprehension or understanding of written and spoken language. In contrast Broca’s area is involved in production of language.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      10.7
      Seconds

  • Question 47 - Which neurotransmitter is made from hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which neurotransmitter is made from hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan?

      Your Answer: Acetylcholine

      Correct Answer: Serotonin

      Explanation:

      Serotonin is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan. The rate-limiting step is the conversion of the amino acid to 5-hydroxytryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase. This is then converted to serotonin by the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      19.2
      Seconds

  • Question 48 - The inverse stretch reflex causing muscle relaxation when excessive force is applied to...

    Incorrect

    • The inverse stretch reflex causing muscle relaxation when excessive force is applied to a muscle is mediated by which sensory organ?

      Your Answer: Endoplasmic organ

      Correct Answer: Golgi tendon organ

      Explanation:

      Both the muscle spindle and Golgi tendon body are proprioceptors. The Golgi tendon reflex is a normal component of the reflex arc of the peripheral nervous system. In a Golgi tendon reflex, skeletal muscle contraction causes the antagonist muscle to simultaneously lengthen and relax. This reflex is also called the inverse myotatic reflex, because it is the inverse of the stretch reflex.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      7.5
      Seconds

  • Question 49 - Regarding the innervation of cerebral blood vessels, which of the following triggers a...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the innervation of cerebral blood vessels, which of the following triggers a vasoconstrictor effect?

      Your Answer: CGRP

      Correct Answer: Neuropeptide-Y

      Explanation:

      Substance P is a potent vasodilator, VIP or vasoactive intestinal peptide has vasodilator properties in the intestines. PHM 27 is a potent calcitonin receptor agonist; endogenous analogue of human VIP. CGRP or Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide is a vasodilator which is found to play an important role in migraines. Neuropeptide Y is a strong vasoconstrictor.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      19.8
      Seconds

  • Question 50 - The primary auditory cortex is: ...

    Incorrect

    • The primary auditory cortex is:

      Your Answer: Brodmann area 17

      Correct Answer: Brodmann area 41

      Explanation:

      A Brodmann area in the brain is defined by cytoarchitecture, histology and organization of cells:Primary Sensory 3,1,2Primary Motor 4Premotor 6Primary Visual 17Primary Auditory 41Brocas 44

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Medicine
      • Neurology
      22
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Medicine (33/51) 65%
Neurology (33/51) 65%
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