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  • Question 1 - Which cell type of the testis secrete inhibin? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which cell type of the testis secrete inhibin?

      Your Answer: Leydig cells

      Correct Answer: Sertoli cells

      Explanation:

      Summary points of the two key testicular cell types:
      1. Sertoli Cells = Secrete Inhibin. Forms blood-testis barrier. Have FSH receptors
      2. Leydig Cells = Secrete testosterone. Have LH receptors

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      6.5
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Uterine Cervix: ...

    Correct

    • Uterine Cervix:

      Your Answer: Is the portion of the uterus below the isthmus

      Explanation:

      The uterus is divisible into two portions. The portion above the isthmus is termed the body, and that below, the cervix. The uterine cervix is the narrow inferior segment of the uterus, which projects into the vaginal cavity. It is a fibromuscular organ lined by a mucous membrane and measures approximately 3cm in length and 2.5cm in diameter. The cervix is continuous at its superior margins with the body of the uterus and at its inferior margins with the vagina.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      17.7
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to...

    Incorrect

    • Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to be contracted?

      Your Answer: The transverse diameter is only 10 cm

      Correct Answer:

      Explanation:

      Contracted pelvis occurs when one or more of its diameters is reduced so that it interferes with the normal mechanism of labour. A transverse diameter below 11 cm will result in difficult delivery of the foetus and C-section will be the better option in that case

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      14.8
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Regarding lymph drainage of the breast where does the majority of lymph drain...

    Correct

    • Regarding lymph drainage of the breast where does the majority of lymph drain to?

      Your Answer: Axillary nodes

      Explanation:

      Lymphatic drainage of the breast.
      The lateral two thirds of the breast drains into the axillary lymph nodes. This constitute about 75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breast. The medial third of the breast drains into the parasternal lymph nodes and these communicate with the ipsilateral lymph nodes from the opposite breast. The superior part of the breast drains into the infraclavicular lymph nodes and inferior part drains into the diaphragmatic lymph nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      6.4
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter?

      Your Answer: Inferior rectal

      Correct Answer: Pelvic Splanchnic

      Explanation:

      The anal sphincters are responsible for closing the anal canal to the passage of faeces and flatus. The smooth muscle or involuntary internal sphincter sustains contraction to prevent the leakage of faeces between bowel movements and is innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which are a branch of the spinal segment 4. The external sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle and can therefore contract and relax voluntarily. Its innervation comes from the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve, and the perineal branch of S4 nerve roots.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      6.7
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to...

    Incorrect

    • You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to the proximal medial thigh following abdominal hysterectomy. You suspect genitofemoral nerve injury. What spinal segment(s) is the genitofemoral nerve derived from?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: L1,L2

      Explanation:

      The genitofemoral nerves takes its origin from the L1 and L2 spinal segments.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Which of the following muscles is NOT a constituent of the pelvic floor...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following muscles is NOT a constituent of the pelvic floor (diaphragm)?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Piriformis

      Explanation:

      The pelvic floor or diaphragm is composed of Coccygeus and Levator Ani. Levitator Ani is composed of 3 muscles: puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeal. Although Piriformis assists in closing the posterior pelvic outlet it is not considered a component of the pelvic floor

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: pubic arch

      Explanation:

      The pelvic outlet is bounded anteriorly by the inferior border of the pubic arch, posteriorly by the sacrotuberous ligament and the tip of the coccyx and laterally by the ischial tuberosities.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Which one of the following statements regarding the fetal head is true? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following statements regarding the fetal head is true?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Considered to be engaged when the biparietal diameter passes the level of the pelvic inlet

      Explanation:

      The fetal head is engaged when the head of the foetus or the presenting part enters the pelvic inlet or pelvic brim. It usually occurs at 38 weeks of gestation.
      The Spalding sign refers to the overlapping of the fetal skull bones caused by collapse of the fetal brain. It appears usually a week or more after fetal death in utero.
      In brow presentation the scalp is deflexed as the foetus is looking upward. Normally the head is inflexed such that the chin is touching the chest.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The broad ligament contains which of the following structures? ...

    Incorrect

    • The broad ligament contains which of the following structures?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Uterine artery

      Explanation:

      The contents of the broad ligament:
      Fallopian tubes
      Ovarian artery
      Uterine artery
      Ovarian ligament
      Round ligament of uterus

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by? ...

    Incorrect

    • Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Sympathetic Fibres L1,L2

      Explanation:

      The neck of the bladder is surrounded by the internal sphincter. It is supplied by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the splanchnic nerve. Parasympathetic stimulation causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the internal urethral sphincter to relax. It Is predominantly by the parasympathetic nerves S2-S4. Relaxation of the bladder is caused by inhibiting the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and exciting the lumbar sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Remember SYMPATHETIC is for STORAGE and PARASYMPATHETIC is for PEEING.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph drain to?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Para-aortic nodes

      Explanation:

      Lymphatic vessels from the ovaries, joined by vessels from the uterine tubes and most from the fundus of the uterus, follow the ovarian veins as they ascend to the right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - What is the average anteroposterior distance of the female pelvic outlet? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the average anteroposterior distance of the female pelvic outlet?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 13 cm

      Explanation:

      The pelvic outlet is bounded in front by the lower margin of the symphysis pubis, on each side by the descending ramus of the pubic bone, the ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament, and posteriorly by the last piece of the sacrum. The AP diameter of the pelvic outlet is 13.5 cm and the transverse diameter is 11 cm.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Lymph drainage from the bladder is via which nodes? ...

    Incorrect

    • Lymph drainage from the bladder is via which nodes?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: External, Internal and Common iliac nodes

      Explanation:

      Lymphatic drainage of the bladder is to the common iliac nodes via the internal iliac nodes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - The lower part of the rectum is supplied by the middle rectal artery....

    Incorrect

    • The lower part of the rectum is supplied by the middle rectal artery. What is the middle rectal artery a branch of?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Internal iliac artery

      Explanation:

      The middle rectal artery arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - The rectus sheath is formed by which of the following? ...

    Incorrect

    • The rectus sheath is formed by which of the following?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: aponeuroses of transversus abdominis, external and internal oblique

      Explanation:

      The rectus sheath is formed by the decussation and interweaving of the aponeuroses of the fl at abdominal muscles. The external oblique aponeurosis contributes to the anterior wall of the sheath throughout its length. The superior two thirds of the internal oblique aponeurosis splits into two layers (laminae) at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis; one lamina passing anterior to the muscle and the other passing posterior to it. The anterior lamina joins the aponeurosis of the external oblique to form the anterior layer of the rectus sheath. The posterior lamina joins the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis to form the posterior layer of the rectus sheath.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which of the following structures does the broad ligament contain? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following structures does the broad ligament contain?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Uterine artery

      Explanation:

      The broad ligament is one of the secondary supporting structures of the uterus which attaches the lateral portion of the uterus to the pelvic sidewall. The broad ligament primarily serves a protective layer for important structures including the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, the ovarian arteries, and the uterine arteries, the round and ovarian ligaments, and the infundibulopelvic ligaments.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Which one of the following muscles is the most important muscle forming the...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following muscles is the most important muscle forming the pelvic floor?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Levator ani

      Explanation:

      Levator ani muscle is composed of three different muscles i.e. iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and the puborectalis muscle. It is the main muscle that supports the organs of the pelvic cavity.
      Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus muscles are located in-between the anus and scrotum and play an important role in sexual response in males.
      Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles are located in the perinium and pass in front of the anus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - Which one of the following measurements is usually taken during clinical exam of...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following measurements is usually taken during clinical exam of the pelvis?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Shape of the pubic arch

      Explanation:

      During pelvimetry, the shape of the pubic arch is usually examined. It helps in determining the outcome of the type of fetal delivery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by which structure? ...

    Incorrect

    • The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by which structure?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Fascia lata

      Explanation:

      The femoral triangle is bounded:
      – Superiorly by the inguinal ligament that forms the base of the femoral triangle.
      – Medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus.
      – Laterally by the sartorius; the apex of the femoral triangle is formed where the borders of the sartorius and the adductor muscles meet.
      – The floor of the femoral triangle is formed by the iliopsoas laterally and the pectineus muscle medially.
      – The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by the fascia lata and cribriform
      fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - Regarding the Pituitary gland which of the following statements is true? ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the Pituitary gland which of the following statements is true?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: It is surrounded by the sella turcica

      Explanation:

      The Sella turcica is composed of three parts:
      1. The tuberculum sellae (horn of saddle): a variable slight to prominent median elevation forming the posterior
      boundary of the prechiasmatic sulcus and the anterior boundary of the hypophysial fossa.
      2. The hypophysial fossa (pituitary fossa): a median depression (seat of saddle) in the body of the sphenoid that accommodates the pituitary gland (L. hypophysis).
      3. The dorsum sellae (back of saddle): a square plate of bone projecting superiorly from the body of the sphenoid.
      It forms the posterior boundary of the Sella turcica, and its prominent superolateral angles make up the posterior clinoid processes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - The vulva is mainly supplied by which one of the following vessels? ...

    Incorrect

    • The vulva is mainly supplied by which one of the following vessels?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Pudendal artery

      Explanation:

      Vulva is defined by the area which is located outside the female vagina and comprises of the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, mons pubis and Bartholin glands. It is supplied by the vestibula branch of pudental artery.
      Inferior hemorrhoidal artery supplies the lower part of the rectum.
      Femoral artery is the continuation of external iliac artery and supplies most of the leg.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which of the following structures? ...

    Incorrect

    • The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which of the following structures?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Inguinal ligament

      Explanation:

      Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle:
      Superior: Inguinal ligament
      Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus
      Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius
      Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles
      Roof: Fascia Lata

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure? ...

    Incorrect

    • The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Conjoint tendon

      Explanation:

      The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal and lacunar ligaments are part of the floor The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - The ureters receive autonomic supply from which spinal segments? ...

    Incorrect

    • The ureters receive autonomic supply from which spinal segments?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: T11-L2

      Explanation:

      The ureters receive innervation by a number of nerve plexuses. The nerves supplying the ureters originate from spinal segments T11 to L2. When you think about ureteric colic giving classic ‘loin to groin’ pain it is because the pain is referred to these dermatomes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by? ...

    Incorrect

    • Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Sympathetic Fibres L1,L2

      Explanation:

      Remember SYMPATHETIC is STORAGE PARASYMPATHETIC is PEEING

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - The joint between the two pubic bones is called the: ...

    Incorrect

    • The joint between the two pubic bones is called the:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Pubis symphysis

      Explanation:

      The pubic symphysis or symphysis pubis is the midline cartilaginous joint (secondary cartilaginous) uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones. It is located anterior to the urinary bladder and superior to it.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Proximal portion of urethra

      Explanation:

      The proximal portion of urethra in females or membranous urethra in males is in the deep perineal pouch

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - Presence of which one of the following features at term makes spontaneous delivery...

    Incorrect

    • Presence of which one of the following features at term makes spontaneous delivery incompatible?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Mentum posterior

      Explanation:

      When face presentation is diagnosed, around 60% of cases are in the mentum anterior position, 25% are mentum posterior and 15% are mentum transverse; most malpositions rotate spontaneously into mentum anterior. A vaginal birth at term is possible only if the foetus is in the mentum anterior position.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where...

    Incorrect

    • The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Ilium

      Explanation:

      The arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium just inferior to the iliac fossa. It forms the boundary of the pelvic inlet.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

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