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  • Question 1 - Which of the following cells release histamines when they are activated by binding...

    Correct

    • Which of the following cells release histamines when they are activated by binding of specific antigens to cell fixed IgE molecules?

      Your Answer: Basophils

      Explanation:

      Mast cells and basophils both contain granules of vasoactive histamine in their cytosol. Both of them express IgE receptors on their cell surface and upon binding with a specific antigen they release their cytokines including histamine.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      5.9
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Type 2 hypersensitivity is mediated by: ...

    Incorrect

    • Type 2 hypersensitivity is mediated by:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: IgG, IgM & complement

      Explanation:

      In type II hypersensitivity the antibodies, IgG and IgM bind to antigens to form complexes that activate the classical pathway of complement to eliminate cells presenting foreign antigens.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system. They contain numerous primary...

    Incorrect

    • Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system. They contain numerous primary and secondary granules involved in killing and digesting microorganisms. With regard to defensins, they are:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Naturally occurring cysteine-rich antibacterial and antifungal polypeptides

      Explanation:

      Cationic antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, cathelicidins, and thrombocidins, provide important initial defences against invading microbes. These peptides bind the bacterial membrane and form pores, killing the bacterium by hypo-osmotic lysis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - In both innate and humoral immunity, receptors involved recognize: ...

    Incorrect

    • In both innate and humoral immunity, receptors involved recognize:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: The shape of the antigen

      Explanation:

      Antigen receptors recognize the shape of the antigen. They identify specific epitopes and are found on T cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - What is the function of cytotoxic T cells? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the function of cytotoxic T cells?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Kill by inserting perforins and by initiating apoptosis

      Explanation:

      Cytotoxic T cells, once activated, approach the infected cell, insert perforins and release granzymes inducing apoptosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Which cells are considered the source of IL-3? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which cells are considered the source of IL-3?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: T lymphocytes

      Explanation:

      IL-3 stimulates haematopoiesis and is secreted mainly from the T lymphocytes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Which is the primary lymphoid organ? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which is the primary lymphoid organ?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Thymus

      Explanation:

      Lymphoid organs consist of lymph nodes, the thymus, spleen and tonsils. The thymus is the primary lymphoid organ as it is the organ in which the T cells mature.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which cells produce the immunoglobulin proteins involved in mediating humoral immunity? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which cells produce the immunoglobulin proteins involved in mediating humoral immunity?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Differentiated forms of B lymphocytes known as plasma cells

      Explanation:

      After the B cells have been activated by a certain antigens, they transform into plasma cells. These plasma cells are responsible for the generation of antibodies (or immunoglobulins Ig) which are also known as regulators of humoral immunity. There are fives classes of Ig: IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE and IgD

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Neutrophils are attracted to an infected area by: ...

    Incorrect

    • Neutrophils are attracted to an infected area by:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Chemokines

      Explanation:

      The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells like neutrophils to the site of infection.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which immunological cells are predominant in the lymph node (almost 98 % residence)?...

    Incorrect

    • Which immunological cells are predominant in the lymph node (almost 98 % residence)?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Lymphocytes

      Explanation:

      Lymph nodes are a lymphoid organ mostly consisting of lymphocytes: B cells in the cortex from where they mature and proliferate and T cells in the paracortex. The medulla is also composed of lymphocytes and macrophages.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Amongst the following cells, which is responsible for the secretion of defensins? ...

    Incorrect

    • Amongst the following cells, which is responsible for the secretion of defensins?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Neutrophils

      Explanation:

      Eosinophils are phagocytic and they are directed against helminths. Basophils are involved in allergic reactions and contain histamine and vasoactive granules in their cytoplasm. Mast cells are similar to basophils. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages in the tissue, secret interleukins and are phagocytic. Neutrophils are phagocytic but are also responsible for secreting defensins.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - The predominant site in the lymph node where T lymphocytes are found is:...

    Incorrect

    • The predominant site in the lymph node where T lymphocytes are found is:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Paracortex

      Explanation:

      Paracortex is found between the cortex and the medulla and it is composed of a non-nodular type of arrangement that is mostly made up of T cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - Which of the following features do mast cells and basophils have in common:...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following features do mast cells and basophils have in common:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Are essential for immediate type-hypersensitivity reactions

      Explanation:

      Anaphylaxis is a severe immediate allergic reaction of rapid onset affecting many body systems. It is due to the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines from mast cells and basophils. Basophils are the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.5 to 1% of circulating white blood cells. However, they are the largest type of granulocyte. They are responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response, as well as in the formation of acute and chronic allergic diseases, including anaphylaxis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and hay fever. They can perform phagocytosis (cell eating), produce histamine and serotonin that induce inflammation, and heparin that prevents blood clotting. Mast cells are similar in appearance and function. Both cell types store histamine, a chemical that is secreted by the cells when stimulated.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Where does control of self-reactive T cells (self-tolerance) initially occur? ...

    Incorrect

    • Where does control of self-reactive T cells (self-tolerance) initially occur?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Thymus

      Explanation:

      The thymus provides an inductive environment for development of T cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, thymic stromal cells allow for the selection of a functional and self-tolerant T cell repertoire. Therefore, one of the most important roles of the thymus is the induction of central tolerance.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - Humoral immunity is a major defence against: ...

    Incorrect

    • Humoral immunity is a major defence against:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Viral infections

      Explanation:

      Humoral immunity is provided by the neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies that are formed from the B lymphocytes. This form of immunity is most important in viral infection. Non-neutralizing antibodies increases phagocytosis of the infected cell and inhibit the ability of the virus to replicate.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - Arachidonic acid is converted to: ...

    Incorrect

    • Arachidonic acid is converted to:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Prostaglandin H2

      Explanation:

      The enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (i.e. prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 {PTGS1 and PTGS2}) metabolize arachidonic acid to Prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - What is the function of the acute phase protein, C-reactive protein? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the function of the acute phase protein, C-reactive protein?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Opsonises bacteria

      Explanation:

      There are various immune reactions that become activated once the barrier between the body and environment has been compromised. There are certain opsonins that bind to the bacteria and facilitate phagocytosis. One of them is the acute phase protein: C protein. others include antibodies and complement.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - The predominant site in the lymph node where B lymphocytes are found is:...

    Incorrect

    • The predominant site in the lymph node where B lymphocytes are found is:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Cortex

      Explanation:

      The cortex of the lymph node consists of the lymphoid nodules and sinusoids and posses a germinal centre from which B cells proliferate. The cortex of the lymph node predominately consists of B cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - Which cell type functions as the critical bridge between innate and adaptive immune...

    Incorrect

    • Which cell type functions as the critical bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems, by activating naïve T lymphocytes?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Dendritic cells

      Explanation:

      Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells. They express class II MHC and T cell co-stimulatory molecules. They bind antigens and present them to native T cells and in the process activate the specific T cell against that antigen.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - HLA class III genes encode for ...

    Incorrect

    • HLA class III genes encode for

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Complement

      Explanation:

      HLAs corresponding to MHC class III encode components of the complement system.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Immunology (1/1) 100%
Medicine (1/1) 100%
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