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  • Question 1 - What is the main function of vitamin E? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the main function of vitamin E?

      Your Answer: It helps in the clotting cascade

      Correct Answer: It is an antioxidant

      Explanation:

      Vitamin E has many biological functions, the antioxidant function being the best known. Other functions include enzymatic activities, gene expression, and neurological function(s).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      15.7
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which one of the following is true about bone marrow? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following is true about bone marrow?

      Your Answer: Yellow marrow is the active cellular marrow

      Correct Answer: At birth the bone marrow is entirely red marrow and is converted to yellow marrow with age

      Explanation:

      The two types of bone marrow are red marrow, which consists mainly of hematopoietic tissue, and yellow marrow, which is mainly made up of fat cells. Red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells arise in red marrow. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries. At birth, all bone marrow is red. With age, more and more of it is converted to the yellow type; only around half of adult bone marrow is red.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      15
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Where is Vitamin B 12 absorbed? ...

    Correct

    • Where is Vitamin B 12 absorbed?

      Your Answer: Terminal ileum

      Explanation:

      Protein-bound vitamin B12 must be released from the proteins by the action of digestive proteases in both the stomach and small intestine. Gastric acid releases the vitamin from food particles; therefore antacid and acid-blocking medications (especially proton-pump inhibitors) may inhibit absorption of B12. B12 must be attached to Intrinsic Factor (IF) for it to be efficiently absorbed, as receptors on the enterocytes in the terminal ileum of the small bowel only recognize the B12-IF complex; in addition, intrinsic factor protects the vitamin from catabolism by intestinal bacteria.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      6.4
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble?

      Your Answer: A, D, E, K

      Explanation:

      Vitamins are classified as either fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) or water soluble (vitamins B and C).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      2.7
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Choose the correct statement regarding the protein C/S system? ...

    Incorrect

    • Choose the correct statement regarding the protein C/S system?

      Your Answer: Thrombomodulin enhances the procoagulant activity of thrombin.

      Correct Answer: The protein C/S complex inactivates factor Va and VIIIa

      Explanation:

      The best characterized function of Protein S is its role in the anti coagulation pathway, where it functions as a cofactor to Protein C in the inactivation of Factors Va and VIIIa.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      1363.2
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Which clotting factor is responsible for stabilization of the fibrin clot by formation...

    Correct

    • Which clotting factor is responsible for stabilization of the fibrin clot by formation of covalent cross-linkages?

      Your Answer: Factor XIIIa

      Explanation:

      Factor XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor is an enzyme of the blood coagulation system that crosslinks fibrin. Deficiency of this factor (FXIIID) affects clot stability.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      50.6
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Which enzyme deficiency causes pellagra? ...

    Correct

    • Which enzyme deficiency causes pellagra?

      Your Answer: Niacin

      Explanation:

      Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease most frequently caused by a chronic lack of niacin (vitamin B3) in the diet.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      7.4
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - 90% of erythropoietin necessary for haemopoesis is produced by the kidneys, the remainder...

    Correct

    • 90% of erythropoietin necessary for haemopoesis is produced by the kidneys, the remainder is formed in the?

      Your Answer: Liver

      Explanation:

      Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. While liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period, renal production is predominant during adulthood.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      15.4
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - All of the following are Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors except: ...

    Correct

    • All of the following are Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors except:

      Your Answer: Factor XI

      Explanation:

      Activated Vitamin K is used to gamma carboxylate (and thus activate) certain enzymes involved in coagulation: Factors II, VII, IX, X, and protein C and protein S. Inability to activate the clotting cascade via these factors leads to the bleeding symptoms

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      95.3
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The structure of haemoglobin A in adults includes ...

    Correct

    • The structure of haemoglobin A in adults includes

      Your Answer: Haem, globin polypeptide chains α and β

      Explanation:

      Haemoglobin A (HbA), also known as adult haemoglobin or α2β2, is the most common human haemoglobin tetramer, comprising over 97% of the total red blood cell haemoglobin. It consists of two alpha chains and two beta chains.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      543.6
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - The following play a role in regulation of intestinal iron absorption except: ...

    Incorrect

    • The following play a role in regulation of intestinal iron absorption except:

      Your Answer: State of bone marrow erythropoiesis

      Correct Answer: Urinary iron excretion rate

      Explanation:

      The human body’s rate of iron absorption appears to respond to a variety of interdependent factors, including total iron stores, dietary intake, the extent to which the bone marrow is producing new red blood cells, the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, and the oxygen content of the blood. Classic examples of genetic iron overload includes hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and the more severe disease juvenile hemochromatosis (JH).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      19
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Which one of the following is necessary to activate plasminogen to plasmin? ...

    Correct

    • Which one of the following is necessary to activate plasminogen to plasmin?

      Your Answer: tPA

      Explanation:

      In circulation, plasminogen adopts a closed, activation resistant conformation. Upon binding to clots, or to the cell surface, plasminogen adopts an open form that can be converted into active plasmin by a variety of enzymes, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), kallikrein, and factor XII (Hageman factor).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      7.3
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - Platelets are stored in this body organ. ...

    Correct

    • Platelets are stored in this body organ.

      Your Answer: Spleen

      Explanation:

      Megakaryocyte and platelet production is regulated by thrombopoietin. Each megakaryocyte produces between 1,000 and 3,000 platelets during its lifetime. An average of 1011 platelets are produced daily in a healthy adult. Reserve platelets are stored in the spleen, and are released when needed by splenic contraction induced by the sympathetic nervous system.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      3.9
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Regarding transportation of iron in the body, the process in which iron is...

    Correct

    • Regarding transportation of iron in the body, the process in which iron is transported from the enterocyte into the blood occurs using which transporter protein:

      Your Answer: Ferroportin

      Explanation:

      Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) transport several divalent metals including iron across the enterocyte’s cell membrane into the cell. The cell can then release it into the body via the only known iron exporter in mammals, ferroportin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      10.4
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - What is the average life span of basophils? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the average life span of basophils?

      Your Answer: 7 days

      Correct Answer: 70 hours

      Explanation:

      Once mature, basophils have an estimated life span of 60–70 hours.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      5
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - Transport of Iron into enterocytes occurs via which membrane transporter? ...

    Incorrect

    • Transport of Iron into enterocytes occurs via which membrane transporter?

      Your Answer: Ferroportin 1

      Correct Answer: Divalent metal transporter 1(dmt1)

      Explanation:

      To be absorbed, dietary iron can be absorbed as part of a protein such as haem protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe2+ form. A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes’ brush border, duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb), reduces ferric Fe3+ to Fe2+. A protein called divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which can transport several divalent metals across the plasma membrane, then transports iron across the enterocyte’s cell membrane into the cell.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      8.2
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Where is intrinsic factor secreted? ...

    Correct

    • Where is intrinsic factor secreted?

      Your Answer: Gastric parietal cells

      Explanation:

      Intrinsic factor (IF), also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) later on in the small intestine.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      8.7
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Where is Vitamin B12 mainly stored in the body? ...

    Correct

    • Where is Vitamin B12 mainly stored in the body?

      Your Answer: Liver

      Explanation:

      The total amount of vitamin B12 stored in body is about 2–5 mg in adults. Around 50% of this is stored in the liver. Approximately 0.1% of this is lost per day by secretions into the gut, as not all these secretions are reabsorbed.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      6
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - Which of the following foods contain Vitamin B 12? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following foods contain Vitamin B 12?

      Your Answer: Liver, meat

      Explanation:

      No fungi, plants, nor animals (including humans) are capable of producing vitamin B12. Only bacteria and archaea have the enzymes needed for its synthesis. Proved food sources of B12 are animal products (meat, fish, dairy products).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      8.1
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - The following occurs as a result of 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate binding to deoxyhaemoglobin ...

    Correct

    • The following occurs as a result of 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate binding to deoxyhaemoglobin

      Your Answer: A reduction in deoxyhaemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

      Explanation:

      2,3-BPG acts as a heteroallosteric effector of haemoglobin, lowering haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen by binding preferentially to deoxyhaemoglobin. An increased concentration of BPG in red blood cells favours formation of the T, low-affinity state of haemoglobin and so the oxygen-binding curve will shift to the right.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      14.8
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Haematology (14/20) 70%
Medicine (14/20) 70%
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