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Question 1
Correct
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Placental production of hPL, hCG, Oestrogen and Progesterone are examples of which type of mechanism
Your Answer: Endocrine
Explanation:Hormones that are secreted into the circulation at one site but have effects on distal target organs are endocrine as is the case with the hormones above. Autocrine and Intracrine messengers act within the same cell. Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts. Apocrine is a histological term used to describe some types of exocrine gland.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 2
Incorrect
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All of the following are autosomal recessive conditions EXCEPT which one?
Your Answer: Cystic Fibrosis
Correct Answer: Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Explanation:Osteogenesis imperfect is an autosomal dominant condition. All the rest of the options are autosomal recessive conditions.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Prognathism and macroglossia are features of which of the following?
Your Answer: Down's syndrome
Correct Answer: Acromegaly
Explanation:These are features of excess growth hormone i.e. Acromegaly. Down’s and Cri du chat typically cause Micrognathia (small jaw)
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 4
Correct
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Oxytocin causes increased myometrial contractions via which of the following messenger pathways?
Your Answer: Activates phospholipase-C which produces IP3 which triggers intracellular Calcium ion release
Explanation:Oxytocin activates phospholipase C to produce inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores. There are thought to be other mechanisms by which myometrium is stimulated by Oxytocin including increased sensitisation of the myometrium and increased calcium entry into cells. cAMP and Protein Kinase A inhibit myometrial contractility.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 5
Incorrect
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Question 6
Incorrect
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What percentage of testosterone is bound to SHBG?
Your Answer: 97%
Correct Answer: 70%
Explanation:About 97% of the testosterone that is secreted loosely binds to the SHBG and circulates in the blood for several hours in this bound state until it is transported to the target organs.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Beta and Delta Thalassemia are associated with abnormalities to which chromosome
Your Answer: Chromosome 6
Correct Answer: Chromosome 11
Explanation:Fetal haemoglobin (HBF) is the main haemoglobin type in the foetus and persists after birth for around 6 months. Fetal haemoglobin is composed of two alpha and two gamma subunits The alpha globulin chain is coded for by genes on Chromosome 16. Alpha Thalassemia are therefore associated with Chromosome16 defects The beta and delta globulin chains are coded for by genes on Chromosome 11. Beta and Delta Thalassemia are therefore associated with Chromosome 11 Defects
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 8
Incorrect
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You review a 58 year old patient in clinic. She asks what the results of her recent DEXA scan are. You note her hip BMD hip T-score is -1.4. You note she has a history of olecranon fracture 4 years ago. What is her classification according to WHO criteria?
Your Answer: Severe Osteoporosis
Correct Answer: Osteopenia
Explanation:Her T-score puts her in the osteopenic range. The presence of fragility fractures is more important in the osteoporotic patient. Olecranon fracture is not a typical fragility fracture.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 9
Correct
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Which of the following drugs is most appropriate to use to stimulate lactation?
Your Answer: Domperidone
Explanation:Domperidone and metoclopramide are D2 dopamine receptor antagonists. They are primarily used to promote gastric motility. They are also known as galactagogues and they promote the production of milk. Cabergoline and bromocriptine are prolactin inhibitors and they reduce milk production.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 10
Incorrect
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Which of the following inhibit Glucagon?
Your Answer: Cholecystokinin
Correct Answer: Uraemia
Explanation:Glucagon release is inhibited by increased blood glucose, ketones, free fatty
acids, insulin, raised urea levels and somatostatin. Glucagon is produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and increases the plasma glucose level by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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