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Question 1
Correct
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During the menstrual cycle which hormone typically reaches its peak level on day 21 (assuming a 28 day cycle)?
Your Answer: Progesterone
Explanation:LH, FSH and Oestrogen have their peaks just before ovulation on day 14 whereas progesterone peaks around day 21.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 2
Correct
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Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) is structurally similar to which of the following hormones?
Your Answer: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Explanation:TSH, FSH, LH and HCG are all similar glycoproteins. These hormones consist of a common α-subunit and specific β-subunit. All are glycosylated, which determines their bioactivity and half-life.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 3
Correct
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Placental production of hPL, hCG, Oestrogen and Progesterone are examples of which type of mechanism
Your Answer: Endocrine
Explanation:Endocrine hormones are released from their site of origin and travel through the blood to act on other distant target organs. Autocrine hormones act within the same cell and exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 4
Incorrect
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Which of the following drugs is associated with reduced milk production whilst breastfeeding?
Your Answer: Fluoxetine
Correct Answer: Cabergoline
Explanation:Domperidone and metoclopramide are D2 dopamine receptor antagonists. They are primarily used to promote gastric motility. They are also known as galactagogues and they promote the production of milk. Cabergoline and bromocriptine are prolactin inhibitors and they reduce milk production.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 5
Incorrect
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Delayed puberty in girls is defined as?
Your Answer: Primary amenorrhoea at age 16
Correct Answer: Absence of breast development in girls beyond 13 years old
Explanation:Breast development occurs from the age of 9-13 at the onset of puberty. Delayed puberty is defined as the absence of breast development after the age of 13.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 6
Correct
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The ovaries produce androgen and progesterone. What is the common precursor for both of these hormones?
Your Answer: Cholesterol
Explanation:Both the female hormones, namely progesterone and oestrogen as well as the male hormones or androgens are lipid soluble. The common precursor of these is cholesterol.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Raised FSH levels are found in all of the following conditions, EXCEPT:
Your Answer: Postmenopausal women
Correct Answer: Women on combined oral contraceptive pills
Explanation:Oestrogen- and progesterone-containing oral contraceptives inhibit LH, which suppresses the FSH and LH levels, preventing follicular development and ovulation. Combined pills suppress FSH and LH throughout the cycle, inhibit endometrial proliferation, and produce a scanty cervical mucus.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 8
Incorrect
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Aromatase is key to Oestradiol production in the ovaries. Which of the following statements is true?
Your Answer: FSH induces the theca cells to make aromatase
Correct Answer: FSH induces the granulosa cells to make aromatase
Explanation:The two main cell types of the ovaries:
1. The theca cells produce androgen in the form of androstenedione. The theca cells are not able to convert androgen to oestradiol themselves. The produced androgen is therefore taken up by granulosa cells.
2. The neighbouring granulosa cells then convert the androgen into oestradiol under the enzymatic action of aromatase FSH induces the granulosa cells to produce aromatase for this purpose -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 9
Incorrect
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Regarding placental anatomy:
Your Answer: Anatomically the placenta is fully formed by 30 weeks
Correct Answer: Fetal blood vessels develop in the mesenchymal core of the chorionic villi
Explanation:The chorionic plate represents the fetal surface of the placenta, which in turn is covered by the amnion. The amnion is composed of a single layered epithelium and the amnionic mesenchyme, an avascular connective tissue. The amnionic mesenchyme is only weakly attached to the chorionic mesenchyme and can easily be removed from the delivered placenta. The chorionic mesenchyme contains the chorionic vessels that are continuous with the vessels of the umbilical cord. Within the mesoderm of secondary villi, haematopoietic progenitor cells develop and start to differentiate. At about day 20 post-conception, first placental blood cells and endothelial cells develop independent of the vascular system of the embryo proper.13 14 The development of first placental vessels transforms the respective villi into tertiary villi.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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Question 10
Correct
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A patient with amenorrhoea is seen in clinic. History and examination reveal the patient runs 10-20 miles every day and her BMI is 17.8. Which of the following is likely to explain her symptoms?
Your Answer: WHO type I Ovulation Disorders
Explanation:World Health Organization (WHO) Group I ovulation disorder is due to hypothalamic pituitary failure. This is sometimes termed hypothalamic amenorrhoea or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Women can improve frequency of ovulation, conception and an uncomplicated pregnancy by increasing their body weight (if BMI of <19) and/or moderating their exercise levels (if they undertake high levels of exercise). GnRH and LH may be administered in these patients. PCOS falls under type II ovulation disorders. WHO Group III ovulation disorder is due to ovarian failure.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
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