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  • Question 1 - The following are presumptive skin signs of pregnancy, except: ...

    Correct

    • The following are presumptive skin signs of pregnancy, except:

      Your Answer: Maculo-papular rash

      Explanation:

      Skin signs during pregnancy may include: dark spots on the breasts, nipples and inner thighs, melasma (chloasma), linea nigra, stretch marks, acne, spider telangiectasis and varicose veins.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      12.5
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which of the following is suggestive of ovulation: ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is suggestive of ovulation:

      Your Answer: Regular cycle with dysmenorrhea

      Explanation:

      Ovulation in the menstrual cycle usually occurs over 4 days. There is an increase in basal body temperature at the time of ovulation due to the effect of progesterone.

      A high Day 21 progesterone level indicates ovulation and the release of an egg.

      Dysmenorrhea is described as painful menstruation. The symptoms start at the time of ovulation and persist till menstruation.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      59
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Which of the following causes of polyhydramnios is more common? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following causes of polyhydramnios is more common?

      Your Answer: Diabetes

      Correct Answer: Idiopathic

      Explanation:

      Maternal disorders, such as diabetes, in-utero infections, drug usage, placental abnormalities and fetal conditions as congenital and chromosomal abnormalities, Rh iso-immunization, and multiple gestations, are generally associated with polyhydramnios. Congenital abnormalities such as duodenal, oesophageal, or intestinal atresia of the foetus are the most common malformations that typically cause gastro-intestinal obstruction and interfere with fetal swallowing and/or absorption resulting with polyhydramnios. However, in about 70% of cases, none of the aforementioned aetiologies are causes of polyhydramnios, and it is referred to as idiopathic or isolated.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      21.6
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - After birth, all of the following vessels constrict, EXCEPT the: ...

    Correct

    • After birth, all of the following vessels constrict, EXCEPT the:

      Your Answer: Hepatic portal vein

      Explanation:

      Immediately after birth the liver is deprived of the large flow of blood supplied during foetal development via the umbilical vein and portal sinus. Simultaneously the blood pressure in the portal sinus, previously as high as in the umbilical vein, falls.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      40.5
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - In pregnancy, the following lung function value remains unchanged: ...

    Correct

    • In pregnancy, the following lung function value remains unchanged:

      Your Answer: FEV1

      Explanation:

      The biochemical and mechanical effects of progesterone and the enlarging uterus are responsible for some changes in lung function during pregnancy.

      Progesterone increases the sensitivity of the respiratory centre to arterial carbon dioxide while also causing hyperaemia in the airway leading to nasal obstruction. As a result, minute ventilation and tidal volume increase by 50% to allow greater arterial oxygen saturation.

      The enlarging uterus displaces the diaphragm upwards, and also limits the movement of the thoracic cage, thereby decreasing the functional residual capacity (FRC) and the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) by 20%.

      Functional Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) remain unchanged in pregnancy.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      59.2
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Examination of endometrial tissue obtained from a biopsy reveals simple columnar epithelium with...

    Incorrect

    • Examination of endometrial tissue obtained from a biopsy reveals simple columnar epithelium with no sub-nuclear vacuoles. The stroma is oedematous, & a tortuous gland contains secretions. These findings are consistent with which stage of the menstrual cycle?

      Your Answer: Early secretory

      Correct Answer: Mid-secretory

      Explanation:

      During mid secretory phase, the endometrium cells undergo distension, become more tortuous and are lined by columnar cells.
      In the early proliferative phase, the glandular epithelium is cubo-columnar, while in the late proliferative phase, the glands increase in size, becoming tortuous and there is pseudostratification of the epithelium.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      29.6
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - During wound healing the clotting cascade is activated. Which of the following activates...

    Incorrect

    • During wound healing the clotting cascade is activated. Which of the following activates the extrinsic pathway?

      Your Answer: Damaged endothelium

      Correct Answer: Tissue Factor

      Explanation:

      The extrinsic pathway is activated by the tissue factor, which converts factor VII to VIIa which later on converts factors X and II to their activated form finally leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin fibres.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      28.6
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - All the following are possible causes of polyhydramnios, EXCEPT: ...

    Incorrect

    • All the following are possible causes of polyhydramnios, EXCEPT:

      Your Answer: Multiple pregnancy

      Correct Answer: IUGR

      Explanation:

      An underlying disease is only found in 17 % of cases in mild polyhydramnios. In contrast, an underlying disease is detected in 91 % of cases in moderate to severe polyhydramnios. The literature lists the following potential aetiologies: fetal malformations and genetic anomalies (8–45 %), maternal diabetes mellitus (5–26 %), multiple pregnancies (8–10 %), fetal anaemia (1–11 %), other causes, e.g. viral infections, Bartter syndrome, neuromuscular disorders, maternal hypercalcemia. Viral infections which can lead to polyhydramnios include parvovirus B19, rubella, and cytomegalovirus. Other infections, e.g. toxoplasmosis and syphilis, can also cause polyhydramnios.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      20.6
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Which of the following statements is true regarding renal blood flow in pregnancy?...

    Correct

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding renal blood flow in pregnancy?

      Your Answer: Increases by approximately 50%

      Explanation:

      Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) rises immediately after conception and increases by about 50 per cent overall, reaching its maximum at the end of the first trimester. GFR then falls by about 20 per cent in the third trimester, returning to pre-pregnancy levels within 12 weeks of delivery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      14.3
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which one of the following features indicates fetal asphyxia? ...

    Correct

    • Which one of the following features indicates fetal asphyxia?

      Your Answer: Type II (late) decelerations with tachycardia

      Explanation:

      A type II deceleration is due to placental insufficiency which can result in fetal distress and asphyxia. The fetal heart rate is lowest at the start of the contraction and returns to normal after the contraction is complete.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      34
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Physiology (6/10) 60%
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