-
Question 1
Incorrect
-
What is the most likely cause of prolonged bleeding time in a 40 year old women admitted for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
Your Answer: Haemophilia
Correct Answer: Thrombocytopaenia
Explanation:Bleeding time is related to platelet function, thus a decrease in platelet function, as seen in thrombocytopenia, DIC and von Willebrand disease in which platelet aggregation is defective, leads to an increase in bleeding time. It is not affected by a decrease or deficiency of any other clotting factors. Aspirin and other COX inhibitors prolong bleeding time along with warfarin and heparin.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 2
Incorrect
-
The coronary sinus drains into the:
Your Answer: Right ventricle
Correct Answer: Right atrium
Explanation:The coronary sinus drains into the right atrium. Most of the venous blood returns to the heart via the coronary sinus and the anterior cardiac veins. Apart from these there are other vessels that drain directly into the heart chambers.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Physiology
-
-
Question 3
Incorrect
-
Which of the following statements is not true about mitochondrial chromosomes?
Your Answer: Encode proteins involved in mitochondrial function i.e. ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation
Correct Answer: Mitochondrial chromosomes play no role in the transmission of disease from generation to generation.
Explanation:All the above mentioned statements are true except that mitochondrial DNA is passed from the mother to the child. If the child inherits the defective mitochondrial gene it will manifest some form of the disease. Commonly inherited diseases related to mitochondrial abnormality are Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF).
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Genetics
- Physiology
-
-
Question 4
Incorrect
-
Which pair is correct concerning enteroendocrine cells in the GIT mucosa and their products?
Your Answer: S cells and GIP
Correct Answer: D cells and somatostatin
Explanation:Somatostatin, an inhibitory hormone is secreted form the D cells of the Pancreatic Islets.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Physiology
-
-
Question 5
Incorrect
-
Restriction Enzymes...
Your Answer: Cut RNA sequences at specific sites
Correct Answer: Cut DNA sequences at specific sites
Explanation:Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that recognise short sequences of double stranded DNA and cut them at specific nucleotide points or sequences. These sequences differ for different restriction endonucleases.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Genetics
- Physiology
-
-
Question 6
Incorrect
-
What is pendrin?
Your Answer: Na+/i- symporter
Correct Answer: Cl-/i- antiporter
Explanation:Pendrin is an anion exchange transporter; it is a sodium-independent chloride-iodine exchanger which also accepts formate and bicarbonate. It is present in many different types of cells in the body, particularly the inner ear, thyroid, and kidney. Mutations in pendrin are associated with Pendred syndrome, which causes syndromic deafness and thyroid disease.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 7
Correct
-
Which receptor type is associated with bronchial muscle relaxation?
Your Answer: β2
Explanation:β2-adrenoceptors are widely distributed in the respiratory tract. When they are activated, an intracellular response induces the activation of cyclic AMP; this, in turn, produces airway relaxation through phosphorylation of muscle regulatory proteins and modification of cellular Ca2+concentrations.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Neurology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 8
Incorrect
-
Individuals who are antibody positive for a specific infection at a specific point in time
Your Answer: Pandemic
Correct Answer: Sero-Prevalence
Explanation:n immunology, seroconversion is the time period during which a specific antibody develops and becomes detectable in the blood. After seroconversion has occurred, the disease can be detected in blood tests for the antibody. Sero-prevalence includes Individuals who are antibody positive for a specific infection at a specific point in time.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
- Physiology
-
-
Question 9
Correct
-
Cholecystokinin causes the pancreas to
Your Answer: Produce pancreatic juice rich in enzymes
Explanation:Cholecystokinin (CCK) mediates digestion in the small intestine by inhibiting gastric emptying and decreasing gastric acid secretion. It stimulates the acinar cells of the pancreas to release a juice rich in pancreatic digestive enzymes, hence the old name pancreozymin. Together these enzymes catalyse the digestion of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Physiology
-
-
Question 10
Incorrect
-
The predominant site in the lymph node where T lymphocytes are found is:
Your Answer: Medulla
Correct Answer: Paracortex
Explanation:Paracortex is found between the cortex and the medulla and it is composed of a non-nodular type of arrangement that is mostly made up of T cells.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Immunology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 11
Incorrect
-
What is found in the posterior cavity of the eye?
Your Answer: Cornea
Correct Answer: Vitreous humor
Explanation:The eye ball contains an anterior cavity and a posterior cavity. The anterior cavity once again is divided into the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The anterior cavity is filled with aqueous humor whereas the posterior cavity contains vitreous humor.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Neurology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 12
Incorrect
-
In Argyll Robertson pupils…
Your Answer: May be a sign of diabetic neuropathy
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation:Argyll Robertson pupils are bilaterally small pupils that accommodate or reduce in size near an object but do not react to light. They do not constrict when exposed to bright light. They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis but may be seen in diabetic neuropathy as well.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Neurology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 13
Incorrect
-
Where on the surface of the chest is the normal site of auscultation for the mitral area?
Your Answer: 5th intercostal space in the left lower sternal border
Correct Answer: 4th left intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line
Explanation:The mitral valve is situated in the left 4th intercostal space just beneath the sternum, in the mid clavicular line.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Physiology
-
-
Question 14
Correct
-
Question 15
Incorrect
-
Which substance has the lowest taste threshold concentration, in other words which substance can be present in the lowest concentration before taste buds will respond?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Strychnine hydrochloride (bitter)
Explanation:The lowest concentration of a gustatory stimulus to which the taste buds respond is considered to be the threshold concentration for that substance. The threshold concentration for strychnine is 0.0001 mm; this is because it allows the body to detect potentially dangerous substances (bitter plant components) at lower concentrations.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Neurology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 16
Incorrect
-
Following an action potential, cytosolic Ca2+ is increased. The binding of free Ca2+ to troponin C results in all of the following except:
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Weakening of the troponin i interaction with actin
Explanation:At rest, troponin i is bound to actin and tropomyosin and covers the site where the myosin head interacts with actin. When Calcium enters into the muscle, it binds with troponin C and cause a structural change in troponin i which moves out of the myosin binding site and causes the cross bridges between the actin and myosin filaments to occur.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Physiology
-
-
Question 17
Incorrect
-
Which of the following pairs are correct concerning arteriolar tone?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Hormonal control: catecholamines affect the adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle
Explanation:Catecholamines released from the adrenal medulla act on the noradrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscles. In the skeletal muscles and liver it causes vasodilation whilst it causes vasoconstriction in the rest of the blood vessels of the body.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Physiology
-
-
Question 18
Incorrect
-
Which of the following factors serve to decrease cardiac output?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Standing from a lying position
Explanation:Sleep has no effect on the cardiac output. Anxiety, excitement, increased body temperature and pregnancy will increase the cardiac output. Standing from a lying position will decrease the cardiac output transiently.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Physiology
-
-
Question 19
Incorrect
-
What is the pH of freshly formed saliva at ultimate stimulation?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: 8
Explanation:Saliva has four major components: mucus (lubricant), α-amylase (enzyme that initiates digestion of starch), lingual lipase (enzyme that begins fat digestion), and a slightly alkaline electrolyte solution for moistening food. As the secretion rate of saliva increases, its osmolality increases. Moreover, the pH changes from slightly acidic (at rest) to basic (pH 8) at ultimate stimulation. This occurs due to increase of HCO3-. Amylase and mucus also increase in concentration after stimulation.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Fluids & Electrolytes
- Physiology
-
-
Question 20
Incorrect
-
Cholinergic nerves from the vagus innervate the SA and AV nodes via which receptor in the heart?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: M2 receptor
Explanation:M2 receptor is found in the heart. M3 and M4 are associated with smooth muscle.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Physiology
-
-
Question 21
Incorrect
-
Which statement about the 2nd heart sound is true?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: It is caused by closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
Explanation:The second heart sound is produced due to closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves. It is a high pitched dub sound. Splitting may occur due to pathology.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Physiology
-
-
Question 22
Incorrect
-
Which cells produce the immunoglobulin proteins involved in mediating humoral immunity?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Differentiated forms of B lymphocytes known as plasma cells
Explanation:After the B cells have been activated by a certain antigens, they transform into plasma cells. These plasma cells are responsible for the generation of antibodies (or immunoglobulins Ig) which are also known as regulators of humoral immunity. There are fives classes of Ig: IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE and IgD
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Immunology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 23
Incorrect
-
Question 24
Incorrect
-
Question 25
Incorrect
-
In which of the following are the enzymatic mechanisms for producing aldosterone found?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Zona glomerulosa
Explanation:The zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal gland. In it, aldosterone is secreted as a response to an increase in potassium levels, decreased blood flow, or renin. This secretion is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Endocrinology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 26
Incorrect
-
Cyclic AMP is formed from ATP via which enzyme
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Adenylate cyclase
Explanation:Cyclic AMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cell Biology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 27
Incorrect
-
The ATPase of parietal cells moves:
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: H+ into the gastric lumen in exchange for a k+
Explanation:ATPase of the parietal cell is also known as the proton pump, which moves H+ ions into the gastric lumen in exchange for K+ ions into the cell.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Gastrointestinal
- Physiology
-
-
Question 28
Incorrect
-
Which of the following conditions results from chromosomal ‘non-disjunction’?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: All of the options
Explanation:Non-disjunction can result in aneuploidy i.e. abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. It results due to uneven division of chromosomes in the meiosis 1 or 2 phase. All the above mentioned examples are of non-disjunction.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Genetics
- Physiology
-
-
Question 29
Incorrect
-
The complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose to CO2 and H20 produces a total of __ATP.
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: 38
Explanation:Textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system). However, this maximum yield is never quite reached because of losses due to leaky membranes as well as the cost of moving pyruvate and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix, and current estimates range around 29 to 30 ATP per glucose.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cell Biology
- Physiology
-
-
Question 30
Incorrect
-
Which of the following statements is not true regarding ion channels?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ion channels provide a charged, hydrophobic pore through which ions can diffuse across the lipid bilayer.
Explanation:Ion channels are pore-forming protein complexes that facilitate the flow of ions across the hydrophobic core of cell membranes. They are present in the plasma membrane and membranes of intracellular organelles of all cells, and perform essential physiological functions. They provide a charged, hydrophilic pore through which ions can move across the lipid bilayer. They are selective for particular ions and their pores may be opened or closed. Because of this ability to open and close, ion channels allow the cell to have the ability to closely control the movement of ions across the membrane. Gating refers to the transition between an open and closed ion channel state, and is brought about by a conformationational change in the protein subunits that open or close the ion-permeable pore. Ion channels can be: 1. voltage-gated these are regulated according to the potential difference across the cell membrane or 2. ligand-gated – these are regulated by the presence of a specific signal molecule.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Cell Biology
- Physiology
-
SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
